Presentation of lagophthalmos due to different etiologies can present to an emergency as well as primary care staff, hence familiarity with the assessment and management is essential for clinicians. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

An atypical presentation, recurrent or progressive symptoms, additional neurological findings, lack of spontaneous resolution, and/or history of head, neck, or cutaneous malignancy are risk factors necessitating further workup. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The evaluation and treatment of upper eyelid paralysis. Facial Plast Surg. 2008 May;24(2):220-30. [PubMed: 18470834] 4. Kim MJ, Oh TS. Treatment for ophthalmic paralysis: functional and aesthetic optimization. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis The prognosis of lagophthalmos depends on the underlying etiology. Mild exposure keratopathy has a very good prognosis, especially if due to Bell's palsy, in which the majority of patients have spontaneous resolution. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Further Investigations Laboratory and imaging studies are determined based on what the underlying etiology could be. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology Facial nerve paralysis occurs in 30 to 40 people per 100,000 annually in the United States.[3] The most common cause is Bell palsy and is responsible for up to 80% of cases. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Fortunately, there is an excellent prognosis, with up to 84% of patients recovering full function of their facial nerve.[4] Pathophysiology Eyelid retraction is usually acquired and associated with thyroid eye disease.[5] The Müller muscle is stimulated [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The purpose of treating lagophthalmos is two-fold: to prevent further corneal exposure and to improve eyelid function. Any asymmetry in a person's face will likely have a psychological impact. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]