The present study evaluated the in vitro bactericidal effect of cadazolid and comparator antibiotics against four C. difficile strains. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fever

  If you or someone you know develops mild to moderate watery diarrhea, cramping abdominal pain, anorexia, fatigue and fever, especially after taking antibiotics, seek medical care. [medicinenet.com]

  After 15 more days, the patient developed again diarrhea, fever and confusion. Hospitalized again, blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures resulted positive for L. monocytogenes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Diarrhea

  Surveillance Definitions C. difficile –associated diarrhea was defined by the presence of diarrhea and a positive assay for C. difficile toxin A, toxin B, or both; by the sudden onset of diarrhea with no alternative explanation and a diagnosis of pseudomembranous [doi.org]

  Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) remains a persistent challenge, with substantially increased incidence and severity. The rising burden of CDAD requires urgent identification of preventable risk factors. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Data showed the study reached the primary endpoint of non-inferiority to vancomycin with respect to time to resolution of diarrhea. [web.archive.org]

  […] and have little or no diarrhea. [archpedi.jamanetwork.com]

• Nausea

  The most common adverse reactions associated with BEZ are nausea, pyrexia, and headache. CONCLUSION: BEZ has been proven safe and effective in preventing CDI recurrence. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Adverse effects included nausea, pyrexia, and headache. In those with a history of congestive heart failure (CHF), heart failure occurred in 12.7% of bezlotoxumab-treated patients compared with 4.8% in the placebo group. [uspharmacist.com]

  Symptoms include Watery diarrhea (at least three bowel movements per day for two or more days) Fever Loss of appetite Nausea Abdominal pain or tenderness C. difficile is more common in people who need to take antibiotics for a long period of time.The [nlm.nih.gov]

• Abdominal Pain

  Symptoms of C. diff infection can be mild such as watery diarrhea three or more times a day with mild abdominal pain or tenderness or maybe more severe with diarrheal episodes reaching 15 times a day with severe abdominal pain, blood or pus in the stool [medicinenet.com]

  On the third day postoperatively, the patient developed left lower abdominal pain and profuse diarrhoea. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Abdominal Cramps

  Resolution of diarrhoea and abdominal cramping was noted on 6-week follow-up visit. 2014 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Symptoms for mild to moderate cases are: Mild abdominal cramping and tenderness Watery diarrhea several time s a day and lasting two or more days Symptoms for severe cases in the colon causing it to become inflames (colitis) are: Fever Abdominal cramping [mrsasurvivors.org]

  Symptoms The following signs and symptoms can occur as a result of C. difficile infection: watery diarrhea, which may be mild to severe bloody or blood-stained stools elevated body temperature mild abdominal cramps and tenderness The symptoms mentioned [medicalnewstoday.com]

  The most common side effects reported in these studies include abdominal cramping, nausea, fever, soft stools, flatulence, and taste disturbance. [cochrane.org]

• Abdominal Distension

  Signs of severe disease include fever and abdominal distension and/or tenderness. [patients.gi.org]

  […] colitis characterized by diarrhea, diffuse abdominal pain, abdominal distension, hypovolemia which could lead to sepsis, toxic megacolon, and perforated bowel with peritonitis.[15] Us reported rare presentations such as protein-losing enteropathy and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  It could be a sign of bowel paralysis and could signal the onset of toxic megacolon, which is characterized by paralysis of the colon, which leads to a build-up of gas and an extremely dilated colon (i.e. megacolon), accompanied by abdominal distension [jonbarron.org]

  The history almost always includes diarrhea and abdominal discomfort at some point in the evolution of CDI. Physical exam may reveal absence of bowel sounds and distension with tenderness when ileus is present. [infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com]

• Left Ventricular Dysfunction

  Sepsis is an exception, regardless of the etiologic pathogen, in which case an excess of catecholamines may result in acute left ventricular dysfunction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Polyneuropathy

  The patient was found to have a predominantly demyelinating sensorimotor peripheral polyneuropathy upon electrodiagnostic testing. To our knowledge, only one case of peripheral neuropathy after fecal transplantation has previously been reported. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Meningism

  A 62-year-old man developed a blood stream infection and meningitis due to Listeria monocytogenes, 20 days after an episode of pseudo-membranous colitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Altered Mental Status

  Although metronidazole was initiated, she developed altered mental status and septic shock. Abdominal x-ray study and computed tomography revealed a significantly dilatated colon and a massive pneumoperitoneum. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Laboratory workup revealed high white blood cell (WBC), serum creatinine (Scr), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Based on these abnormal lab results, rapid detection of glutamate dehydrogenase and toxin A and B was performed. Severe CDI. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] complete blood count, urine pregnancy test followed with quantitative blood beta-hCG Imaging: transvaginal ultrasound If patient is unstable: IV fluid resuscitation, urgent obstetrics and gynecology consultation If patient is stable: continue diagnostic workup [en.wikipedia.org]

• Bilateral Pulmonary Infiltrates

  She became hypoxemic; CT scan findings showed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Broncho-alveolar lavage was consistent with pulmonary hemorrhage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pulmonary Infiltrate

  She became hypoxemic; CT scan findings showed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Broncho-alveolar lavage was consistent with pulmonary hemorrhage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Colitis

  […] with C difficile colitis). [dx.doi.org]

  Antibiotic-associated colitis is a gastrointestinal complication of antibiotic use commonly seen in hospitalised patients, with Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) colitis being the most common type. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hepatocellular Carcinoma

  A 74-year-old male with primary biliary cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) developed a high fever on post-TACE day 14. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A course of metronidazole is the initial treatment; however up to 40% of patients have at least one recurrence. Some patients have recurrent infections requiring further treatment with vancomycin, others need multiple courses of expensive treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In comparison with placebo, MDX- 066/MDX-1388 treatment reduced recurrence rates by approximately 70% (p≡0.0004). The antibody combination treatment was generally safe and well-tolerated. Full results are expected later in 2008 or early 2009. [web.archive.org]

Leukemoid reaction is rarely seen with CDI, and indicates severe disease with grave prognosis. We present an elderly female who developed leukemoid reaction in response to CDI. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] ascites) is seen in up to 40% of cases 8 although typically the whole colon is involved, the right colon and transverse colon may be affected in isolation in up to 5% of cases 2 rectal involvement in the vast majority of cases (90-95%) 2 Treatment and prognosis [radiopaedia.org]

Clostridium difficile is the major etiological agent of pseudomembranous colitis and is found in up to 20% of adult inpatients. The recommended treatment is antibiotic therapy with metronidazole and/or vancomycin. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention Clostridioides difficile infection Summary Epidemiology Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical features Diagnostics History Stool tests Blood tests Imaging Endoscopy Disease severity Treatment General measures Medical therapy Medical therapy in [amboss.com]

This session will discuss the etiology, transmission, risk, signs, symptoms, and treatment of C. difficile Infection. [qioprogram.org]

This is the first report on molecular epidemiological analyses for CDI in multiple university hospitals in Japan, to our knowledge. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Top left: 48 pairs not from ST1 and with an epidemiological link based on shared time and space on a ward. Bottom left: 118 pairs not from ST1 and without an epidemiological link. Top right: 310 pairs from ST1 and with an epidemiological link. [doi.org]

COMBACTE-CDI: Understanding of the epidemiology and clinical impact of Clostridium difficile infection COMBACTE-CDI’s primary goal is to develop a detailed understanding of the epidemiology and clinical impact of Clostridium difficile infection across [combacte.com]

Although the exact cause of this patient's neuropathy cannot be confirmed, it has been speculated that the pathophysiology is an immune-mediated process. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention Clostridioides difficile infection Summary Epidemiology Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical features Diagnostics History Stool tests Blood tests Imaging Endoscopy Disease severity Treatment General measures Medical therapy Medical therapy in [amboss.com]

Pathophysiology of CDI in Cancer Patients The diverse clinical manifestations of CDI range from asymptomatic colonization to fulminant colitis. [omicsonline.org]

KEYWORDS: Clostridium difficile; Lactobacilli probiotics; Prevention [Indexed for MEDLINE] Free full text [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Infection: Infection Prevention and Control Guidance for Management in Acute Care Settings (2013 update) Clostridium difficile : Infection Prevention and Control Guidance for Management in Long-term Care Facilities (2013) Infectious Diseases Society of [ecdc.europa.eu]

CDC hopes to ramp up prevention of this deadly infection by supporting State Antibiotic Resistance Prevention Programs in all 50 states.” Patients at Highest Risk Patients who take antibiotics are most at risk for developing C. difficile infections. [cdc.gov]

Clostridium difficile Guidelines and Recommendations Author: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) The CDC provides a variety of guidelines and recommendation to prevent CDI. [apic.org]