The present study evaluated the in vitro bactericidal effect of cadazolid and comparator antibiotics against four C. difficile strains. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fever

  After 15 more days, the patient developed again diarrhea, fever and confusion. Hospitalized again, blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures resulted positive for L. monocytogenes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  If you or someone you know develops mild to moderate watery diarrhea, cramping abdominal pain, anorexia, fatigue and fever, especially after taking antibiotics, seek medical care. [medicinenet.com]

• Diarrhea

  Surveillance Definitions C. difficile –associated diarrhea was defined by the presence of diarrhea and a positive assay for C. difficile toxin A, toxin B, or both; by the sudden onset of diarrhea with no alternative explanation and a diagnosis of pseudomembranous [doi.org]

  Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) remains a persistent challenge, with substantially increased incidence and severity. The rising burden of CDAD requires urgent identification of preventable risk factors. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Data showed the study reached the primary endpoint of non-inferiority to vancomycin with respect to time to resolution of diarrhea. [web.archive.org]

  […] and have little or no diarrhea. [archpedi.jamanetwork.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  The diagnosis is easily established in the presence of purpura, but may be challenging in its absence, especially when colicky abdominal pain precedes the cutaneous lesions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Nausea

  The most common adverse reactions associated with BEZ are nausea, pyrexia, and headache. CONCLUSION: BEZ has been proven safe and effective in preventing CDI recurrence. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Symptoms of c difficile infection • Watery diarrhea, with at least 3 bowel movements a day for 2 or more days, which may contain blood Fever Loss of appetite Nausea Abdominal pain People with severe infection may develop serious inflammation of the colon [archpedi.jamanetwork.com]

• Abdominal Cramps

  Resolution of diarrhoea and abdominal cramping was noted on 6-week follow-up visit. 2014 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The most common side effects reported in these studies include abdominal cramping, nausea, fever, soft stools, flatulence, and taste disturbance. [cochrane.org]

  Symptoms The following signs and symptoms can occur as a result of C. difficile infection: watery diarrhea, which may be mild to severe bloody or blood-stained stools elevated body temperature mild abdominal cramps and tenderness The symptoms mentioned [medicalnewstoday.com]

  Identification of Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhoea Clinical features C. difficile–associated diarrhoea (CDAD) generally presents as antibiotic-associated colitis, with diarrhoea, abdominal cramping, fever and elevated white cell count, during [www2.health.vic.gov.au]

• Abdominal Distension

  Signs of severe disease include fever and abdominal distension and/or tenderness. [gi.org]

  distension, hypovolemia which could lead to sepsis, toxic megacolon, and perforated bowel with peritonitis.[15] Us reported rare presentations such as protein-losing enteropathy and extra-colonic manifestations like appendicitis, reactive arthritis, [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  There may be abdominal distension in a minority of patients. Tympany to percussion is variable. Bowel sounds can be normal, increased, or decreased with about 20% exhibiting ileus. Stool is watery and non-bloody in the majority of patients. [infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com]

  It could be a sign of bowel paralysis and could signal the onset of toxic megacolon, which is characterized by paralysis of the colon, which leads to a build-up of gas and an extremely dilated colon (i.e. megacolon), accompanied by abdominal distension [jonbarron.org]

• Left Ventricular Dysfunction

  Sepsis is an exception, regardless of the etiologic pathogen, in which case an excess of catecholamines may result in acute left ventricular dysfunction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Polyneuropathy

  The patient was found to have a predominantly demyelinating sensorimotor peripheral polyneuropathy upon electrodiagnostic testing. To our knowledge, only one case of peripheral neuropathy after fecal transplantation has previously been reported. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Meningism

  A 62-year-old man developed a blood stream infection and meningitis due to Listeria monocytogenes, 20 days after an episode of pseudo-membranous colitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Altered Mental Status

  Although metronidazole was initiated, she developed altered mental status and septic shock. Abdominal x-ray study and computed tomography revealed a significantly dilatated colon and a massive pneumoperitoneum. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Laboratory workup revealed high white blood cell (WBC), serum creatinine (Scr), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Based on these abnormal lab results, rapid detection of glutamate dehydrogenase and toxin A and B was performed. Severe CDI. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

(See Presentation and Workup .) [emedicine.com]

[…] complete blood count, urine pregnancy test followed with quantitative blood beta-hCG Imaging: transvaginal ultrasound If patient is unstable: IV fluid resuscitation, urgent obstetrics and gynecology consultation If patient is stable: continue diagnostic workup [en.wikipedia.org]

• Bilateral Pulmonary Infiltrates

  She became hypoxemic; CT scan findings showed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Broncho-alveolar lavage was consistent with pulmonary hemorrhage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Colitis

  […] with C difficile colitis). [dx.doi.org]

  Antibiotic-associated colitis is a gastrointestinal complication of antibiotic use commonly seen in hospitalised patients, with Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) colitis being the most common type. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hepatocellular Carcinoma

  A 74-year-old male with primary biliary cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) developed a high fever on post-TACE day 14. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A course of metronidazole is the initial treatment; however up to 40% of patients have at least one recurrence. Some patients have recurrent infections requiring further treatment with vancomycin, others need multiple courses of expensive treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In comparison with placebo, MDX- 066/MDX-1388 treatment reduced recurrence rates by approximately 70% (p 0.0004). The antibody combination treatment was generally safe and well-tolerated. Full results are expected later in 2008 or early 2009. [web.archive.org]

Leukemoid reaction is rarely seen with CDI, and indicates severe disease with grave prognosis. We present an elderly female who developed leukemoid reaction in response to CDI. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] ascites) is seen in up to 40% of cases 8 although typically the whole colon is involved, the right colon and transverse colon may be affected in isolation in up to 5% of cases 2 rectal involvement in the vast majority of cases (90-95%) 2 Treatment and prognosis [radiopaedia.org]

Clostridium difficile is the major etiological agent of pseudomembranous colitis and is found in up to 20% of adult inpatients. The recommended treatment is antibiotic therapy with metronidazole and/or vancomycin. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention Clostridioides difficile infection Summary Epidemiology Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical features Diagnostics History Stool tests Blood tests Imaging Endoscopy Disease severity Treatment General measures Medical therapy Medical therapy in [amboss.com]

This is the first report on molecular epidemiological analyses for CDI in multiple university hospitals in Japan, to our knowledge. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Top left: 48 pairs not from ST1 and with an epidemiological link based on shared time and space on a ward. Bottom left: 118 pairs not from ST1 and without an epidemiological link. Top right: 310 pairs from ST1 and with an epidemiological link. [doi.org]

Although the exact cause of this patient's neuropathy cannot be confirmed, it has been speculated that the pathophysiology is an immune-mediated process. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention Clostridioides difficile infection Summary Epidemiology Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical features Diagnostics History Stool tests Blood tests Imaging Endoscopy Disease severity Treatment General measures Medical therapy Medical therapy in [amboss.com]

Pathophysiology of CDI in Cancer Patients The diverse clinical manifestations of CDI range from asymptomatic colonization to fulminant colitis. [omicsonline.org]

KEYWORDS: Clostridium difficile; Lactobacilli probiotics; Prevention [Indexed for MEDLINE] Free full text [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention The Advice for Patients feature is a public service of JAMA Pediatrics. [archpedi.jamanetwork.com]