The present case makes a total of 14 cases of the cloverleaf skull syndrome reported in the Japanese literatures to date. Major clinical and pathologic findings of these cases were summerized. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Bilateral exophthalmos and low-set ears were present. A catheter was passed through both nares with moderate difficulty. Breath sounds were present; however, noisy upper airway sounds were heard. [consultant360.com]

The anomalies are organized by anatomical system and presented in a consistent manner, including details of the clinical presentation, epidemiology, embryology, treatment and prevention for each anomaly. [books.google.com]

• Weight Loss

  Oz's 21-Day Weight-Loss Breakthrough We've got the entire menu covered for three weeks. By Shaun Dreisbach Diet & Nutrition Jul 12, 2018 The Best Summer Superfoods to Try Right Now Watch the health perks appear like magic. [drozthegoodlife.com]

• Ulcer

  […] symptoms mentioned in various sources for Kleeblattschaedel syndrome includes the 21 symptoms listed below: * Premature fusion of skull bones * Bulging temples * Low set ears * Protruding eyes * Shallow eye orbits * Eyelids unable to close * Corneal ulceration [checkorphan.org]

  There may be exophthalmia linked to the swelling of the orbits and an inability to close the eyelids, causing ulceration of the cornea. [anestesiarianimazione.com]

• Winged Scapula

  Pfeiffer syndrome Say-Poznanski syndrome (short wide clavicles; winged scapulae; rib anomalies with prominent costovertebral junctions; wide ischial separation; angulated ulnae; polydactyly of the hands and feet; abnormal metacarpals and metatarsals). [fetalultrasound.com]

• Beaked Nose

  In addition to abnormal head shape, other features that help in diagnosis include bulging eyes, beaked nose, and flat face, among others. Treatment Surgery is done to separate fused sutures of the skull and to reshape the skull. [brighthub.com]

  […] root * Underdeveloped midface * Hydrocephalus * Brain malformations * Cerebellum malformations * Motor retardation * Webbed toes * Webbed fingers * Restricted joint mobility * Vertebral abnormalities * Mental retardation * High forehead * Beaked nose [checkorphan.org]

  Facial malformations include high forehead, severe proptosis, or exophthalmoses, beaked nose, and downward displacement of ears. Multiple breathing and feeding issues may occur. [prince.org]

  Babies born with Pfeiffer syndrome may also have bulging eyes, high foreheads, beaked noses, and sunken mid-faces. Their fingers and toes might be webbed, or short and wide. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  The head is unable to grow normally due to premature closure of the coronal and basal sutures, which leads to bulging and wide-set eyes, beaked nose, maxillary retrusion, and an underdeveloped forehead, midface and upper jaw. [skullbaseinstitute.com]

• Communicating Hydrocephalus

  Of these 23 cases, 8 involved communicating hydrocephalus and 15 non-communicating hydrocephalus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Postmortem X-ray and 3D-CT scan confirmed the cloverleaf skull, narrow thorax, straight femur with rhizomelic shortening of the limbs and the presence of a communicating hydrocephalus. Enhanced PDF Standard PDF (470.8 KB) [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

  The mechanism of hydrocephalus may vary. Although communicating hydrocephalus with obstruction at the level of the basal cisterns is most common, aqueductal stenosis is fairly frequent. [pocketdentistry.com]

Clinical Testing and Workup CT scanning and MRIs are used to help detect or characterize certain abnormalities that may be associated with the disorder (e.g., craniosynostosis, other skeletal abnormalities, etc.). [rarediseases.org]

Sleep apnea may be central, obstructive, or of mixed origin; proper workup and assessment are crucial to the establishment of the correct diagnosis and treatment. * Central apnea may result from intracranial hypertension. [pocketdentistry.com]

Total craniectomy proved to be a satisfactory treatment, one which was responsible for the reversal of hydrocephalus. Early detection and treatment of this rather rare malformation results in acceptable cosmetic and neurologic improvement. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment Surgery is done to separate fused sutures of the skull and to reshape the skull. Both orthodontic and orthognathic surgical procedures are used. The surgical treatment has been found to be successful in patients. [brighthub.com]

Treatment Treatment Options: No treatment has been reported. [disorders.eyes.arizona.edu]

Watch this educational video to learn more about the treatment approaches available to children with different types of craniosynostosis. [chop.edu]

Treatment Like other craniosynostosis syndromes such as Apert's and Crouzon's syndromes, optimum treatment consists of an organized staged treatment plan. [skullbaseinstitute.com]

[…] of the poor prognosis, particularly in the case of a mutation in the FGFR2 gene [ 9 ]. [em-consulte.com]

Prognosis The prognosis of Pfeiffer's syndrome depends on the severity of the associated anomalies. [skullbaseinstitute.com]

Best prognosis. Frequently misinterpreted as an encephalocele or hygroma. Weiner CP, Williamson RA, Bonsib SM. Sonographic Diagnosis of Cloverleaf Skull and Thanatophoric Dysplasia in the Second Trimester. J Clin Ultrasound 1986, 14: 463-465. [fetalultrasound.com]

Prognosis - Kleeblattschaedel syndrome Not supplied. Treatment - Kleeblattschaedel syndrome Not supplied. Resources - Kleeblattschaedel syndrome Not supplied. [checkorphan.org]

Cloverleaf skull is one of the most rarely seen anomalies and the prognosis is very poor in untreated cases. The main components involved in the deformity include hydrocephalus, trilobed head shape, shallow orbits and midfacial hypoplasia. [brighthub.com]

An etiologic and nosologic overview of craniosynostosis syndromes. Birth Defects Orig. Art. Ser. XI(2): 137-189, 1975. Cohen, M. M., Jr. Cloverleaf skulls: etiologic heterogeneity and pathogenetic variability. J. Craniofac. [omim.org]

Sadly, the focus of the treatment is symptomatic and not really on the underlying etiology. Even if the craniosynostosis is found in the prenatal phase, the treatment is still only symptomatic. [syndromespedia.com]

Etiology Mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor ( FGFR ) genes cause Pfeiffer syndrome: FGFR1 (on chromosome 8p11.2-p11) and FGFR2 (on chromosome 10q26) [ 4 ]. [ojrd.biomedcentral.com]

Apert syndrome and Pfeiffer syndrome are notable for some similarities but the two disorders are etiologically and genetically very distinct. [drugsdetails.com]

Lambdoid synostosis occurs with least frequency, and it is marked by occipital plagiocephaly. 44 Craniosynostosis is etiologically heterogeneous and pathogenetically variable. [pocketdentistry.com]

The anomalies are organized by anatomical system and presented in a consistent manner, including details of the clinical presentation, epidemiology, embryology, treatment and prevention for each anomaly. [books.google.com]

“In babies, the cranial bones of the skull are supposed to be free from each other so they can continue to grow,” explains Jose Cordero, MD, department head of epidemiology and biostatistics at the University of Georgia and former director of the National [health.com]

Epidemiology Pfeiffer syndrome affects about 1 in 100,000 individuals. Clinical description A craniosynostosis in association with short, broad thumbs and big toes are the major diagnostic clues for Pfeiffer syndrome. [ojrd.biomedcentral.com]

Symptoms & Pathophysiology People suffering from Pfeiffer syndrome have skulls that are tower-shaped and have high foreheads. They also have short and broad thumbs and big toes. [syndromespedia.com]

The anomalies are organized by anatomical system and presented in a consistent manner, including details of the clinical presentation, epidemiology, embryology, treatment and prevention for each anomaly. [books.google.com]

It also is necessary to add artificial tear ointment to prevent damage from dry eyes resulting from proptosis. [consultant360.com]

Causes - Kleeblattschaedel syndrome * Crouzon craniofacial dysostosis * Acrocephalopolysyndactyly type 2 * Pfeiffer syndrome Prevention - Kleeblattschaedel syndrome Not supplied. [checkorphan.org]

This affects the shape of their face and head and will prevent the further growth of the skull. It can also affect the bones in the feet and hands. Around the world it affects approximately one in one hundred thousand births. [healthool.com]