Story County Sheriff Paul Fitzgerald said there were three types of chemicals used by the various law enforcement agencies present in the Veishea riot — CN, CS, and OC. [iowastatedaily.com]

Presented in an easy-to-use double-page spread format, highly bulleted and concise, the Oxford Desk Reference: Toxicology is ideal for quick referral when an acute problem arises. [books.google.com]

When all areas have been cleaned, determine if any residue is present by inspecting each room individually. [cmmonline.com]

However, other risk factors may be present in individual cases which may independently increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. [medicinesinpregnancy.org]

• Inflammation

  The effects of these agents are typically limited to minor and transient cutaneous inflammation, but serious complications and even deaths have been reported. [bmj.com]

  Pepper spray is an inflammatory agent that causes inflammation in the eyes, nose and mouth. Its effect is more debilitating, but you have to hit someone with it directly for it to be effective. [says.com]

  It may cause chemical pneumonitis (inflammation of lung tissue.) In some cases it can give you a pulmonary edema — a sudden build up of fluids in the lungs. That’s a proper medical emergency, but it’s very rare. [caracaschronicles.com]

  It has been noted that the solvent MiBK is itself harmful, and can cause inflammation, dermatitis, burns to the skin & liver damage. A six month trial by 16 police forces in England began on the 1 March 1996. [cs.mcgill.ca]

• Swelling

  Eyes water and eyelids swell up. When a person inhales it, the body produces mucus. "That's why many people feel tear gas can be suffocating," Jordt said. "It produces a drowning feeling that your airways are filled up with liquid." [usatoday.com]

  Capsaicins inflame the airways, causing swelling and restriction. And this means that pepper sprays pose a genuine risk to people with asthma and other respiratory conditions. [ww2.kqed.org]

  Pepper spray causes painful swelling of capillaries in the eyes and caused temporary blindness. Pepper spray is relatively simple compared to CN and CS gases. As the name would suggest, it is derived from peppers. [bcachemistry.wordpress.com]

  If the patients are injured in other ways, doctors run into trouble when performing surgery — the swelling in the throat can make it impossible to intubate them, so they can't breathe if they need to be sedated. [businessinsider.com]

  […] symptoms of exposure to a riot control agent People exposed to riot control agents may experience some or all of the following symptoms immediately after exposure: Eyes: excessive tearing, burning, blurred vision, redness Nose: runny nose, burning, swelling [emergency.cdc.gov]

• Cough

  — Julie Bosman (@juliebosman) August 17, 2014 We heard numerous other people in the distance coughing and crying -it was TEAR GAS. This isn't some conspiracy folks. [blackbag.gawker.com]

  The soldiers can be seen coughing, rubbing their eyes and retching after they are released from the chamber. [dailymail.co.uk]

  Others said people were coughing up blood and collapsing. This has led some to suggest the Egyptian security forces have been using stronger forms of the gas. [bbc.com]

  Salivation, coughing, choking, and a feeling of chest tightness. May cause reactive airway disease syndrome requiring medical intervention. Tingling sensation followed by coughing and decreased inhalation rates. [democrati.net]

  Similarly, respiratory effects can occur immediately (eg, cough) or develop after about 3 weeks (eg, laryngeal obstruction). [2] Most cases are self-limited, lasting 15-30 minutes after clothing is removed and the person is in an open space. [1] Reconsider [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Respiratory Distress

  A case report involved a 4-week-old infant who accidentally received a discharge of pepper spray (OC), which immediately led to respiratory distress, followed by apnea. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Submit Tips Riot control agents can sometimes cause severe respiratory distress in those with asthma. [wikihow.com]

  Severe skin, eye and mucosal pain and irritation Skin erythema with large fluid blisters that heal slowly and may become infected Tearing, conjunctivitis, corneal damage Mild respiratory distress to marked airway damage Mustards: Vapors: 4 to 6 hours, [en.wikipedia.org]

• Overeating

  Police in the town, in the US state of Missouri, have used tear gas, stun grenades and smoke bombs to disperse thousands of demonstrators over three months of protests over Mr Brown's death. [independent.co.uk]

  Again, we don’t yet know what the effect over the course of these victims’ lives will be. But I’m concerned. [nymag.com]

  You are removing the micro-pulverized powder from the eyes and face and not washing it over into the other eye. [modernsurvivalblog.com]

  Concerned students poured bottled water over him, but this only exacerbated the effects by further spreading the spray around his face and body. [ww2.kqed.org]

  Background Research of Animal Studies: As overall preparation in anticipation of litigation, conducted research over the course of two years on historical (as far back as the 1950s) animal toxicity data related to a specific toxicological endpoint (specific [heathtoxicology.expert]

• Vomiting

  I see people right now screaming, vomiting, etc. Proof = they put on gas masks. — Shaun King (@ShaunKing) August 17, 2014 Initially, Highway Patrol Spokesman Lt. [blackbag.gawker.com]

  At higher concentrations, exposure can cause stomach irritation leading to vomiting and diarrhea. Cleanup is essential and tear gas clean-up is not a cleaning job to try to do on your own. [titankc.com]

  Some people vomit after being gassed, he said. The most common kind of tear gas used in riot control is called CS. It's a solid that is shot through an aerosol, so it becomes a gas, Jordt said. [usatoday.com]

  In some cases there can be mucus secretion, nausea and vomiting, also burning sensations on the body in places touched by the hands. Recovery quickly follows after an affected person is immersed in fresh air. [pbs.org]

  Gastrointestinal System CS causes loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, hematemesis (vomiting of blood) and even diarrhea in some cases. Liver damage has been described (acute hepatocellular changes and liver enzyme alterations). [caracaschronicles.com]

• Nausea

  Also accompanied with CS is nausea, tightness of chest and burning sensation of the skin along with fear & panic. Like CN, CS relies on pain compliance. [sabrered.com]

  In some cases there can be mucus secretion, nausea and vomiting, also burning sensations on the body in places touched by the hands. Recovery quickly follows after an affected person is immersed in fresh air. [pbs.org]

  Exposure to field concentrations may cause nausea and vomiting and prolonged exposure to CS on skin may cause severe irritation and blistering. Incapacitation is caused by the individual's inability to see or preoccupation with the agent's effects. [globalsecurity.org]

  Headaches, nausea, dizziness, clumsiness, drowsiness – effects similar to those of drinking alcohol. At high levels it can cause unconsciousness and death. [healthkenya.co.ke]

  Patients may complain of blindness because of the intense tearing and blepharospasm, but patients who can physically open their eyes have no significant change in visual acuity Other manifestations are as follows: Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Chest Pain

  Experts agree that typical effects of common forms of tear gas are a burning, watery sensation in the eyes, difficulty breathing, chest pain, excessive saliva and skin irritation. Heavy exposure can also induce vomiting. [bbc.com]

  Typically, the effects kick in after around 30 seconds, and include a burning, watery sensation in the eyes, difficulty breathing, chest pain, excessive saliva and skin irritation. [independent.co.uk]

• Dermatitis

  Contact Dermatitis: Allergic contact dermatitis from chloroacetophenone (tear gas). Archiv fuer Toxikologie. A fatal case of chloracetophenone poisoning ("tear gas" poisoning). [jacob-katriel.tripod.com]

  In a study by Watson and Rycroft, six police officers and one bystander developed contact dermatitis, leukoderma, exacerbation of seborrheic dermatitis, and aggravation of rosacea following exposure to CS. [18] Serious effects, including death, have been [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Exposure symptoms can include, intense eye effects, dyspnoea (or difficulty breathing), coughing, rhinorrhoea (or a congested, runny nose), severe headaches, dizziness, contact burns, and contact dermatitis (which is not radical chic). [blackbag.gawker.com]

  Skin irritant; itching, stinging and erythema; may cause blistering and allergic contact dermatitis. [democrati.net]

  Development of skin sensitization with contact dermatitis have been described in a number of experimental and observational studies on animals. Whether these agents have any tumorigenic potential is at present unclear. [doctorslounge.com]

• Blister

  With severe blistering resulting in second-degree burns, skin pigmentation changes can occur. 2. [democrati.net]

  Exposure to field concentrations may cause nausea and vomiting and prolonged exposure to CS on skin may cause severe irritation and blistering. Incapacitation is caused by the individual's inability to see or preoccupation with the agent's effects. [globalsecurity.org]

  Non-volatile liquid agents, such as blister agents and the oily VX nerve agent, do not easily evaporate into a gas, and therefore present primarily a contact hazard. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Blistering may also occur after exposure to higher concentrations. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Dermatitis and blistering are also described after CS exposure. Gastrointestinal System CS causes loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, hematemesis (vomiting of blood) and even diarrhea in some cases. [caracaschronicles.com]

• Eczema

  * Folks with skin conditions (ie: severe acne, psoriasis, or eczema) and eye conditions (i.e.: conjunctivitis or uveitis) risk an intensified response. * People wearing contact lenses may experience increased eye irritation and damage due to chemicals [crookedbough.com]

• Blepharospasm

  Eye involvement may include the following: Ocular pain, tearing, and severe blepharospasm are common; at high concentrations, 2-chloroacetophenone (CN) is known to cause corneal epithelial damage and chemosis. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  The researchers also recommended using it as a prophylaxis to reduce or prevent lacrimation, eye irritation, and blepharospasm. 3. [democrati.net]

  It can create excessive tearing, conjunctivitis, uncontrolled blinking (blepharospasm) and a sensation of burning and pain at initial exposure. Pulmonary edema (ARDS) and/or diffuse airway lesions on human would be lethal after CS inhalation. [link.springer.com]

  The effects of exposure to tear gas( esp;excessive lacrimation, blepharospasm) are usually short-lived (30-60 minutes) after the person has been removed from the source and decontaminated. Effects on skin may take longer to improve. [doctorslounge.com]

  Weapons Convention of 1997 The gas was notably used in Ferguson, Missouri during the recent disturbances there in 2014 The American Library of Medicine says of its effects: 'The eye is the most sensitive organ in riot control because CS causes epiphora, blepharospasm [dailymail.co.uk]

• Excessive Tearing

  Symptoms of Tear Gas Exposure stinging and burning of the eyes, nose, mouth, and skin excessive tearing blurred vision runny nose salivation (drooling) exposed tissue may develop a rash and a chemical burn coughing and difficulty breathing, including [thoughtco.com]

  It can create excessive tearing, conjunctivitis, uncontrolled blinking (blepharospasm) and a sensation of burning and pain at initial exposure. Pulmonary edema (ARDS) and/or diffuse airway lesions on human would be lethal after CS inhalation. [link.springer.com]

  Immediate signs and symptoms of exposure to a riot control agent People exposed to riot control agents may experience some or all of the following symptoms immediately after exposure: Eyes: excessive tearing, burning, blurred vision, redness Nose: runny [emergency.cdc.gov]

  How They Affect Humans: Both tear gas and pepper spray are skin irritants, causing burning pain and excess drainage from eyes, nose, mouth and breathing passages. [crookedbough.com]

• Eye Pain

  Strong lacrimator with redness of eyes, eye pain, and blepharospasm. High dose may produce chemical injury to eye. Significant nasal discharge. [democrati.net]

  sneezing, coughing, difficulty breathing, pain in the eyes, and temporary blindness. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Conjunctival Injection

  Conjunctival injection and periorbital edema may be noted More serious and even permanent eye injuries (eg, corneal abrasions, foreign bodies) can be caused by tear gas particles, other foreign particles, or the blast injury itself. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Agitation

  Any agitation during the clean-up can cause existing tear gas residue to activate, making cleanup very difficult for even the most experienced workers with full and proper Personal Protective Equipment. [titankc.com]

  Those who are intoxicated, mentally disturbed or extremely agitated generally are less affected by CN. CS Tear Gas (Military Tear Gas) In the 1960’s, the US Army replaced CN with CS Tear Gas. [sabrered.com]

  It is so resistant to wetting that when spread upon the surface of a body of water, agitation of the surface by wind or wading may regenerate an effective aerosol. [globalsecurity.org]

Clinical and laboratory workup did not detect any of the evidence pertaining to cyanide poisoning. No fatality was recorded in the studied series. [scitechnol.com]

The CDC recommendations for treatment: [1] Treatment consists of helping the affected person get more oxygen in his or her blood and of stopping agent-caused chemical burns from getting worse. [medic.wikia.com]

Before Practice first aid treatments before the action on each other so: o You get experienced before you need to do treatments during an intense situation. o You know what the treatment feels like. During · Stay calm & focused. [streetmedicqc.blogspot.com]

Tear Gas & Pepper Spray Treatment General Treatment For Tear Gas (CS, CN, CX) and Pepper Spray (OC) Before Practice first aid treatments before the action on each other so: You get experienced before you need to do treatments during an intense situation [angelfire.com]

Boxed definitions, case scenarios, and treatment algorithms are included. The concluding chapter presents "real world" scenarios to run tactical teams through and lists recommended training programs and continuing education. [books.google.com]

Nearly 50 reviews, experimental studies, and human epidemiological studies on tear gas toxicity were critically reviewed. [heathtoxicology.expert]

Tear gas: an epidemiological and mechanistic reassessment. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2016;1378(1):96-107. Wani M, Lone G, Singh S, et al. Vascular injuries caused by tear gas shells: surgical challenge and outcome. [caracaschronicles.com]

"Tear gas: an epidemiological and mechanistic reassessment". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1378 (1): 96–107. Bibcode : 2016NYASA1378...96R. doi : 10.1111/nyas.13141. PMC 5096012. [en.wikipedia.org]

Additionally, use only one exit to prevent workers from traveling through already-cleaned areas. [cmmonline.com]

You’ll need to remove them to prevent damaging your eyes. If you wear glasses, they will also be covered and sitting right over your nose. [says.com]

Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety an Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 1994-113. Potter W [1982]. Chloroacetophenone. [cdc.gov]

A day earlier, riot police cordoned off streets, set up roadblocks and fired tear gas and water cannons to prevent anti-government protesters from an effort to return to Taksim Square. [newssafety.org]

Carmel compound prevent any of the inhabitants from exiting? Although the exact answer to this question may never be known, there are at least two reasons why CS probably did not worsen the situation during the seige. [pbs.org]