The various presenting conditions of cocaine abuse encountered within the head and neck region by the otorhinolaryngologist are then discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fatigue

  Some of these symptoms include: Depression Fatigue Vivid and bad dreams Increase in appetite Intense cocaine cravings Agitation Treatment At The Canyon, our cocaine treatment program is designed to help you reconnect with life. [thecanyonmalibu.com]

  The use of cocaine includes the inevitable low, with fatigue and irritability that follows a brief high. Cocaine use carries significant risks of addiction and health problems. [originsrecovery.com]

  Symptoms of a crash include severe fatigue, anxiety, irritability and depression. Powerful cravings often follow the crash, and some people experience severe paranoia. Cocaine can stay in your system for up to 90 days. [drugrehab.com]

  When the drug is no longer in the system, adverse withdrawal begins to manifest with feelings of fatigue, relentless behaviors, onsets of depression and an increase of appetite. Without proper help, cocaine addiction can be fatal. [cirquelodge.com]

  […] found to curb cocaine cravings and reduce use of cocaine especially in chronic, heavy users How it works: Increases the amount of GABA in the brain, a neurotransmitter that has a calming and relaxing effect Side effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, fatigue [addictionrecoveryguide.org]

• Fever

  Denies fever, lower urinary tract symptoms such as dysuria, urinary frequency, concommitant or prior urethral discharge to the painful condition. He underwent right orchiectomy 13 years ago by testicular torsion. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The abuser may complain of pain, swelling, and redness at the injection site or fever. [emedicinehealth.com]

  Other side effects of cocaine abuse: A suppressed appetite, leading to malnutrition Frequent nose bleeds/nasal damage Interrupted sleep patterns Cardiovascular problems Heart palpitations Tremors or seizures Chest Pains Fever Vomiting High blood pressure [tpaddictiontreatment.com]

• Rigor

  These programs may last for several months or even longer, and they may be as intensive as inpatient treatment or less rigorous, depending on the needs of the addict. [addiction-treatment.com]

  More rigorous tests of TMS’s ability to blunt the drug’s grip are now underway. [sciencemag.org]

  Sites like Lawfare – led by Comey-friend Benjamin Wittes and ex-NSA lawyer Susan Hennessey – became Twitter and cable news stars and used their platform to resuscitate what had been a long-discredited lie: namely, that the FISA process is highly rigorous [theintercept.com]

  In addition, signs of mild Parkinsonism (mild bradykinesia and rigor in the right hand) was also detected. Altogether, the neurological examination suggested incipient Parkinsonism, but the tremor was atypical (not resting type). [bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com]

• High Fever

  Cocaine overdose symptoms include: shaking or seizures, hyperthermia (an extremely high fever), chest pains, headaches, extensive sweating, unconsciousness, respiratory problems or arrest, slurred speech, nausea or vomiting, delirium, and possibly coma [axistreatmentwest.com]

• Congestive Heart Failure

  Pulmonary team was consulted; the impression was consistent with pulmonary edema from questionable congestive heart failure (CHF), which could have been from the history of cocaine use rather than a primary pulmonary cause. [bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com]

• Hoarseness

  For example, the NIDA reports that those who snort the drug will increase their chances of: Losing their sense of smell Chronic nosebleeds Irritation or breakdown of the nasal septum Hoarseness and difficulty swallowing Those who inject the drug, dissolving [blackbearrehab.com]

  Regularly snorting cocaine can lead to loss of sense of smell, nosebleeds, problems with swallowing, hoarseness, and an overall irritation of the nasal septum leading to a chronically inflamed, runny nose. 15 Smoking crack cocaine damages the lungs and [drugabuse.gov]

  […] hardened arteries and aorta.[2] Signs of Cocaine Addiction Repeated nosebleeds Manic behavior Aggression Severe paranoia Constant scratching or complaints of itching Collapse of nostrils Insomnia Depression Anxiety Loss of sense of smell Chronically hoarse [bhpalmbeach.com]

  Hoarseness: The caustic effect of cocaine can ruin one’s ability to speak clearly and comfortably. [luxury.rehabs.com]

  These can include: Disturbances in heart rhythm Chest pain Strokes Heart attacks Seizures Stomach pain Malnutrition Nosebleeds Loss of sense of smell Hoarseness Increased risk of HIV High blood pressure Difficulty breathing Sudden death Cocaine and Other [cliffsidemalibu.com]

• Nasal Congestion

  Review of systems was significant for rhinitis, nasal congestion, joint pain, and a febrile episode 2 days prior to admission. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  congestion and damage to the mucous membrane of the nose (if snorting drugs) Mouth sores, gum disease and tooth decay from smoking drugs ("meth mouth") Insomnia Depression as the drug wears off Club drugs Club drugs are commonly used at clubs, concerts [mayoclinic.org]

  Runny noses, nasal congestion, and brief nosebleeds can be also be cared for at home by stopping the drug, increasing the humidity of the air breathed in with vaporizers and humidifiers, and direct nasal pressure for 10 minutes to stop the nosebleed. [emedicinehealth.com]

• Common Cold

  Increased common cold-like symptoms and/or nosebleeds. Signs of involuntary movements (i.e. muscle tics). Changes in concentration and focus. Other Adverse Effects One of the most serious effects of cocaine abuse is heart muscle damage. [drugabuse.net]

• Nasal Irritation

  Many users complain of nasal irritation, nasal crusting, recurrent nosebleeds, nasal stuffiness, facial pain caused by sinusitis, and hoarseness. [emedicinehealth.com]

• Tachypnea

  Adverse reactions reported include tachycardia, hypertension, tachypnea, chest pain, hallucinations, racing thoughts, and seizures. Psychosis, withdrawal, and death have been reported with usage of these compounds. [library.med.utah.edu]

• Overeating

  American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, 2000) provides criteria for diagnosing cocaine abuse and cocaine dependence as distinct disorders- the latter characterized by additional symptoms related to loss of control over drug use. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  “That was over three years ago and I’m now over two years clean and sober, and back living with my family. We have just spent our first Christmas back together.” [thesun.co.uk]

  This “rewarding feeling” is one of the things that drive people to get high on it over and over again. In cocaine users, euphoria can show as extreme excitement or exaggerated happiness. [discoverynj.org]

• Nausea

  A 55-year-old woman, a long-term cocaine abuser, presented with delirium, nausea, vomiting, hypoglycemia, hypercalcemia, and hypotension as manifestations of adrenal insufficiency (cortisol levels <1 mg/dL before and after administration of cosyntropin [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  How it works: It increases acetaldehyde in the blood Side effects: Nausea, vomiting (sometimes very severe, if any alcohol or cocaine is used), rapid heart rate, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, confusion and fainting. [addictionrecoveryguide.org]

  Physical symptoms may include chest pain, nausea, blurred vision, fever, muscle spasms, convulsions and coma. Different routes of cocaine administration can produce different adverse effects. [www1.nyc.gov]

• Vomiting

  We report a case of a young man who presented to the emergency department with violent abdominal pain and several episodes of vomiting after using intranasal cocaine. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Symptoms of cocaine withdrawal include: Sickness and vomiting Hunger and overeating Extreme mood swings Exhaustion and fatigue Physical weakness Muscle or joint pain Sleep disturbances Suicidal ideation Trouble concentrating Slowed thinking Chills or [lagunatreatment.com]

• Loss of Appetite

  Prolonged daily use causes sleep deprivation and loss of appetite. A person can become psychotic and begin to experience hallucinations. [drugfreeworld.org]

  Sudden overabundance of confidence Mood swings Agitation Irritability Depression Physical symptoms of cocaine addiction Rapid heart rate Elevated body temperature High blood pressure Dilated pupils Runny nose Persistent nosebleeds Excessive perspiration Loss [priorygroup.com]

  In the beginning of an individual’s use, cocaine abuse may cause the following negative consequences: Hypersensitivity to light, sound, and touch Paranoia and anxiety Aggression, agitation, or irritability Loss of appetite Difficulty sleeping Increased [diablovalleytreatment.com]

  Consider these signs: Not caring about personal appearance or grooming Obsessively picking at hair or skin Loss of appetite and weight loss Dilated pupils and rapid eye movement Strange sleeping patterns -- staying up for days or even weeks at a time [webmd.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  The abdominal pain was caused by a massive haemoperitoneum with no evidence of any underlying pathology. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Some of the most frequent are cardiovascular effects, including disturbances in heart rhythm and heart attacks; neurological effects, including headaches, seizures, strokes, and coma; and gastrointestinal complications, including abdominal pain and nausea [drugabuse.gov]

  Headaches Abdominal pain Nausea Nosebleeds Difficulty swallowing Dilated pupils Horse throat A runny nose Another method of cocaine use is to inject the drug using a needle. [addictions.com]

  In addition to addiction, the side effects and risks associated with use of these drugs include: changes in body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure headaches, abdominal pain, and nausea impaired judgment and greater risk of some sexually transmitted [heart.org]

• Chest Pain

  Initial management of cocaine users presenting with chest pain and ST segment elevation should include administration of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] in patients with cocaine-associated MI only 44% of patients with cocaine-associated MI had chest pain (Hollander and Hoffman, J Emerg Med 1992) Dyspnea and diaphoresis are other common symptoms that should prompt concern for acute MI if chest pain is [litfl.com]

  Chest pain/myocardial ischemia: Cocaine increases platelet aggregation so aspirin should be administered to patients with chest pain thought to be ischemic. [clinicaladvisor.com]

  In the COCaine Associated CHest PAin (COCHPA) study, cocaine-associated MI occurred in 6% of patients who presented to the emergency department with chest pain after cocaine use. [medscape.com]

  Chest pain associated with cocaine use is now a common problem in many emergency departments. [emedicinehealth.com]

• Hypertension

  Clinically, although cocaine abuse is associated with elevated blood pressure, persistent accelerated hypertension reaching levels diagnostic of malignant hypertension is uncommon. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Dose-dependent tachycardia, hypertension along with increased arousal is the first physiological response to cocaine use. [bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com]

  Thus, cocaine-related myocardial insults could be caused by coronary atherosclerosis, coronary spasm, or both; tachycardia and hypertension may increase myocardial work. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Tachycardia

  Thus, cocaine-related myocardial insults could be caused by coronary atherosclerosis, coronary spasm, or both; tachycardia and hypertension may increase myocardial work. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Arrhythmias: Sinus tachycardia is the most common arrhythmia and usually responds to control of agitation and IV fluids. ACLS protocols for significant tachycardias and bradycardias should be followed. [clinicaladvisor.com]

  Dose-dependent tachycardia, hypertension along with increased arousal is the first physiological response to cocaine use. [bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com]

  Physical symptoms are reddening of the conjunctive, tachycardia, disturbances of the fine motor skills and, after long lasting consumption, bronchitis. Chronic consumption can trigger a cannabis psychosis with schizophrenic symptoms. [lecturio.com]

• Irregular Heart Rhythm

  Other physical side effects include: Racing heart rate Dilated pupils Rapid breathing Insomnia Loss of appetite Nose bleeds Irregular heart rhythms Asthma Psychological side effects of using cocaine are numerous as well. [addictionhope.com]

  Cocaine overdoses can cause an irregular heart rhythm, heart attacks, seizures, and strokes—each of which can result in death. [oxfordtreatment.com]

  Some of the most frequent and severe health consequences resulting from an overdose involve the heart and blood vessels (for example, irregular heart rhythms and heart attacks) and damage to the nervous system (seizures and strokes are two such possibilities [michaelshouse.com]

• Hypotension

  A 55-year-old woman, a long-term cocaine abuser, presented with delirium, nausea, vomiting, hypoglycemia, hypercalcemia, and hypotension as manifestations of adrenal insufficiency (cortisol levels <1 mg/dL before and after administration of cosyntropin [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Hypotension: Hypotension in a cocaine abuser is most often due to volume depletion. IV fluid resuscitation should be initiated with frequent reassessments. [clinicaladvisor.com]

  Dysrhythmias, acute myocardial infarction, myocarditis, hypertension, endocarditis, hypotensive shock, cerebral vascular accidents and dilated cardiomyopathy are several cardiovascular complications due to cocaine abuse [ 1 ]. [bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com]

  Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), hypotension, and sudden death are additional complications. (Devlin and Henry, 2008) Massive intracerebral hemorrhage associated with cocaine use, gross. Cerebral infarction, gross. [library.med.utah.edu]

• Blurred Vision

  Physical symptoms may include chest pain, nausea, blurred vision, fever, muscle spasms, convulsions and coma. Different routes of cocaine administration can produce different adverse effects. [www1.nyc.gov]

  Someone taking both of these drugs may have impaired motor functions and blurred vision in conjunction with suppressed appetite and lack of sleep. [americanaddictioncenters.org]

  Here are the most common signs: An elevated heart rate or irregular heart rhythm High blood pressure Feeling shaky Difficulty breathing Blurred vision Extreme anxiety Feeling disoriented or confused Hallucinations Heart attacks Seizures Strokes In the [hazeldenbettyford.org]

  Physical symptoms may include chest pain, nausea, blurred vision, fever, muscle spasms, convulsions, coma, and death. Different routes of cocaine administration can produce different adverse effects. [ehd.org]

• Muscle Twitch

  Some cocaine users report feelings of restlessness, irritability, anxiety, panic, and paranoia. 2 Users may also experience tremors, vertigo, and muscle twitches. 2 Severe medical complications can occur with cocaine use. [drugabuse.gov]

  […] side effects of cocaine abuse: A suppressed appetite, leading to malnutrition Frequent nose bleeds/nasal damage Interrupted sleep patterns Cardiovascular problems Heart palpitations Tremors or seizures Chest Pains Fever Vomiting High blood pressure Muscle [tpaddictiontreatment.com]

  Liver and kidneys: Cocaine use may lead to rhabdomyolysis, or the sudden and overwhelming failure of the kidneys, which releases toxins that destroy muscle mass. [lagunatreatment.com]

  These users may experience tremors, vertigo, muscle twitches, paranoia, or, with repeated doses, a toxic reaction closely resembling amphetamine poisoning. Some users of cocaine report feelings of restlessness, irritability, and anxiety. [www1.nyc.gov]

  Some of these physical health indicators include: dilated pupils nausea raised body temperature and blood pressure faster heartbeat tremors and muscle twitches restlessness fatigue Other symptoms may include irritability, lack of pleasure, anxiety and [michaelshouse.com]

• Muscle Cramp

  For example, heroin withdrawal can cause vomiting, muscle cramps, convulsions, and delirium. [encyclopedia.com]

  Signs and symptoms of use of club drugs can include: Hallucinations Paranoia Dilated pupils Chills and sweating Involuntary shaking (tremors) Behavior changes Muscle cramping and teeth clenching Muscle relaxation, poor coordination or problems moving [mayoclinic.org]

• Epistaxis

  Epistaxis or nosebleed. Sinusitis. Perforated nasal septum. Depression. Suicidal ideation. 1 Irritability. Inability to feel pleasure. Inability to concentrate. A loss of interest in previously enjoyed hobbies. Social isolation. [recovery.org]

• Euphoria

  It has a psychomotor stimulating effect that provokes euphoria, motor activity and an amplification of a well being sensation similar to the effect of amphetamines. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  This method of taking the drug results in rapid onset of euphoria and stimulating symptoms, due to it being readily absorbed into your bloodstream. [priorygroup.com]

  As well as the wide range of cocaine addiction symptoms that are associated with this drug, users also experience feelings of euphoria, increased energy, enhanced self-confidence, and numbness to pain following cocaine consumption. [themanorclinic.com]

  This explains why users may experience feelings of euphoria while under the influence of cocaine and why they may crave the drug after the effects have worn off. 3 Short-Term Effects The immediate, intense cocaine high lasts about 15 to 30 minutes when [cesar.umd.edu]

  The regular user experiences a sense of euphoria i.e a state of intense excitement and happiness immediately after taking the drug. Common signs of cocaine abuse includes: A need to increase the dosage to get the same effect. [imedpub.com]

• Mood Swings

  Brain: Use can lead to a wide range of effects to the brain, such as a loss of gray matter; increased risk of seizures or convulsions; persistent or permanent changes in mood or psychology, including a psychotic break; intense mood swings; headaches; [lagunatreatment.com]

  Side effects such as feeling on edge and restless, paranoid and irritable are very common, with many users experiencing mood swings. [oceanrecoverycentre.com]

  The mood swings associated with cocaine can wreak havoc on emotions and trigger issues related to underlying mental health disorders. [newportacademy.com]

  Withdrawal symptoms may include drowsiness and fatigue, increased appetite, depression, irritability, mood swings, nightmares, and drug cravings. [americanaddictioncenters.org]

• Delusion

  From here, delusions and hallucinations can occur. Delusion can make them believe that they’re another person, say like the Queen of England. Hallucinations are perceptions of things that aren’t there. [discoverynj.org]

  The US National Institute of Health lists the possible effects of cocaine as: “agitation, hallucinations, delusions, violence, suicidal and homicidal thinking.” Crack cocaine use is described as making these symptoms more frequent and intense. [narcononarrowhead.org]

  When high doses are used or the drug is used in binges, symptoms of cocaine use often include disorientation, delusions, paranoia, antisocial behavior and aggressiveness. [narconon.org]

  Dilated pupils Increased heart rate Profuse sweating Rapid weight loss Lacking the need for sleep Seizures Elevated body temperature Cognitive symptoms : Ability to hyperfocus Heightened startle response Intensified alertness Psychosis Hallucinations Delusions [sonorabehavioral.com]

• Aggressive Behavior

  Examples of various symptoms that may be displayed by someone who is abusing cocaine can include: Behavioral symptoms : Sudden, unexplained bursts of hyperactivity Sudden, unprovoked episodes of aggression Participating high risk behaviors Lying Stealing [sonorabehavioral.com]

  […] peer group Lying Stealing Possessing cocaine Increased energy levels Displaying volatile or aggressive behaviors towards others Rapid speech Decreased participation in activities that were once enjoyed Physical symptoms : Increased body temperature Excessive [bowlinggreenbrandywine.com]

  Long-Term Effects of Cocaine Abuse The long-term effects of cocaine include: Hallucinations Paranoia Memory Loss Aggressive Behavior Violent Outbursts Weight Loss Severe Dental Issues Significant Alterations to Brain’s Chemistry Depression Anxiety Cocaine [cirquelodge.com]

  These experiences include: Restlessness Irritability Anxiety Paranoia A period of psychosis Auditory hallucinations A disconnection with reality Unpredictable violent/aggressive behavior Dry mouth Reduced appetite These experiences can last anywhere from [alcoholism.about.com]

  Behavioral warning signs to watch for include: Overly talkative/chatty/excitable for no apparent reason Excessive fidgeting Panic attacks Paranoia Hallucinations Delusions Irritability Violent or aggressive behavior Increased libido Mood swings How do [hazeldenbettyford.org]

• Suicidal Ideation

  Symptoms of cocaine withdrawal include: Sickness and vomiting Hunger and overeating Extreme mood swings Exhaustion and fatigue Physical weakness Muscle or joint pain Sleep disturbances Suicidal ideation Trouble concentrating Slowed thinking Chills or [lagunatreatment.com]

  Nonetheless, individuals who stop using cocaine will often experience periods of extreme depression and apathy that may increase the risk for self-harm due to accidents or as a result of suicidal ideations. [recoveryfirst.org]

  It helps to manage unpleasant cocaine withdrawal symptoms, as well as potentially dangerous ones such as new-onset depression and suicidal ideation. [recovery.org]

• Sexual Dysfunction

  dysfunction in both males and females Reproductive damage and infertility Sudden death - even one use can cause overdose or death Addiction & Withdrawal Cocaine is a highly addictive substance, and users can quickly develop a tolerance to the drug, needing [cesar.umd.edu]

  dysfunction F13.982 Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic use, unspecified with sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic-induced sleep disorder F13.988 Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic use, unspecified with other sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic-induced disorder [icd10data.com]

  Sexual dysfunction, including difficulties with arousal, orgasm and libido are common. [mentalhelp.net]

  dysfunction (men and women) reproductive damage and infertility sudden death – even with the first use Once tolerance to cocaine has formed, more frequent and larger doses are needed in order to feel the same effects a smaller dose once produced. [addictioncampuses.com]

• Stroke

  BACKGROUND: Stroke in crack-cocaine abusers is increasingly recognized. We aimed to identify significant differences in stroke risk factors, characteristics, and outcomes between hospitalized stroke patients with and without crack-cocaine abuse. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Cocaine-induced heart failure or damage may also increase the risk of stroke, or brain damage resulting from interruptions in the blood supply available to the brain.4 The abuse of this drug is also associated with kidney damage. [drugabuse.com]

  The following are all common signs that an individual has overdosed on cocaine, and requires urgent medical attention: Delirium Dangerously high body temperature Rapid heartbeat Elevated blood pressure Breathing problems Kidney failure Stroke This page [themanorclinic.com]

• Irritability

  These steps can help relieve the anxiety and irritability. [narcononarrowhead.org]

  Symptoms can include depression, irritability, extreme fatigue, anxiety, and an intense craving for the drug. [cesar.umd.edu]

  Addiction Irritability and mood disturbances Restlessness Paranoia Auditory hallucinations Cocaine is a powerfully addictive drug. [www1.nyc.gov]

  On the downside, cocaine abusers often report that they also feel paranoid, irritable, anxious, and restless. These effects of cocaine tend to last between 30 minutes and two hours. Many individuals who abuse cocaine do so in binge-crash manner. [therefuge-ahealingplace.com]

  After experimenter-administered cocaine, the CocAb group reported feeling more suspicious and observers rated them significantly higher on unpleasant effects (e.g., irritability, difficulty concentrating). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Seizure

  A fast GC/MS method involving a liquid:liquid extraction procedure with tertbutylmethylether (TBME) is proposed for the determination of some alkaloids in cocaine leaves, cocaine seizures and biological samples. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Caffeine may affect a person’s seizures by interfering with sleep, rather than triggering seizures directly. [epilepsy.com]

• Agitation

  Benzodiazepines should be administered if agitation is present. [clinicaladvisor.com]

  Psychological symptoms of cocaine addiction: Brief state of euphoria Excessive confidence Impaired ability to focus or concentrate Impaired decision-making abilities Agitation Mood swings Irritability Restlessness Depression Psychosis Exacerbation of [themanorclinic.com]

  Examples of symptoms that are known to arise in the event that someone is withdrawing from cocaine may include, but are not limited to, the following: Heightened levels of anxiety Paranoia Elevated feelings of irritability Elevated feelings of agitation [sierratucson.com]

  It is an agitated confusional state associated with potentially lethal hyperthermia. There is no evidence to support the use of antipsychotic agents for cocaine dependence. [bestpractice.bmj.com]

  Cocaine withdrawal symptoms can include: strong cravings for cocaine mood swings that can make an individual feel depressed, agitated or anxious inability to concentrate physical reactions such as headaches, aches and pain, increased appetite, not sleeping [addictioncampuses.com]

• Headache

  Neurological complications of cocaine abuse, such as seizures, headache, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, or subarachnoid hemorrhage, can be disastrous as a result of uncontrolled vasoconstriction and vasculitic damage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Among 405 people with primary chronic headache, 95% had chronic tension-type headache, 4% had chronic migraine and <1% had other primary chronic headaches. [docplayer.ee]

  Cocaine-induced headaches can include such conditions as tension headache, stroke (bleed in head), sinusitis, meningitis, or brain abscess. [emedicinehealth.com]

  Some long-term effects of cocaine abuse may include: headaches convulsions and seizures heart disease, heart attack and stroke lung damage and disease (respiratory failure and difficulty breathing) damage to the nasal septum (snorting) irritability and [addictioncampuses.com]

Clinical workup documented severe sleep apnea, which was treated by noninvasive ventilation and resulted in withdrawing cocaine abuse. Undiagnosed sleep disorders may trigger surreptitious psychostimulant abuse in vulnerable individuals. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Initial laboratory workup at admission was insignificant except for elevated brain nautriuretic peptide of 894 ng/L and positive urine toxicology screen for cocaine. [bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com]

• Hypoglycemia

  A 55-year-old woman, a long-term cocaine abuser, presented with delirium, nausea, vomiting, hypoglycemia, hypercalcemia, and hypotension as manifestations of adrenal insufficiency (cortisol levels <1 mg/dL before and after administration of cosyntropin [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Ischemic Changes

  The heart may have such stress placed upon it that there are ischemic changes to the myocardial fibers. The myocardial effects are made worse by concomitant ethanol use. Heart with ischemic changes, microscopic. [library.med.utah.edu]

Two hundred and twenty-three cases (users who sought treatment for primary cocaine abuse) and 223 controls (users who did not seek treatment) were interviewed in Italy. A semistructured interview was created. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research-Based Guide (Third Edition): Principles of Effective Treatment. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2019). DrugFacts: Treatment Approaches for Drug Addiction. [drugabuse.com]

Like any good treatment plan, cocaine treatment strategies need to assess the psychobiological, social and pharmacological aspects of the patient’s drug abuse. It is important to match the best treatment regimen to the needs of the patient. [psychcentral.com]

Prognosis Prognosis depends on the type and severity of complications. Intracranial hemorrhage often results in significant disability. Rhabdomyolysis and hypovolemia may lead to permanent renal failure. [clinicaladvisor.com]

[…] patient has not ruled in by 12 hours post-arrival in the ED, it is extremely unlikely that the patient will rule in or suffer ACS-related complications from the cocaine Follow up cessation of cocaine use If the patient discontinues using cocaine, the prognosis [litfl.com]

Outlook (Prognosis) Substance use may lead to a fatal overdose. Some people start taking the substances again (relapse) after they have stopped. [mountsinai.org]

Long Term Prognosis of Cocaine Addiction Rehabitation The prognosis for minor complications of cocaine use is good if further drug use can be stopped completely. [emedicinehealth.com]

Lines of research That Could be Addressed: In this challenging clinical case we presented an alternative and new etiologic diangosis for the acute scrotum which the main etiologic factor remains testicular torsion. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Author information 1 Social & Epidemiological Research Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Canada M5S 2S1; Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addiction, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

For instance, a study using longitudinal data from the National Epidemiological Study of Alcohol Use and Related Disorders found that adults who reported marijuana use during the first wave of the survey were more likely than adults who did not use marijuana [drugabuse.gov]

A 2006 epidemiological study showed that about 80% of people who use cocaine are not chemically dependent two years later. However, the remaining 20% are at risk of developing a use disorder. [verywellmind.com]

[…] of crack cocaine abusers appears to be ageing, the level of cocaine crack abuse remained high, as did morbidity and mortality associated with the drug, cocaine being responsible for the most drug-related deaths in nine sites studied by the Community Epidemiology [ru.glosbe.com]

The postmortem human brain constitutes a unique resource that can be exploited to gain insights into the pathophysiology of complex disorders such as drug addiction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Neurological complications of drug abuse: pathophysiological mechanisms. Eur J Neurol. 2000;7:595-606. [stroke.or.kr]

"Cocaine and the kidney: a synthesis of pathophysiologic and clinical perspectives". Am J Kidney Dis. vol. 35. 2000. pp. 783. (A good review of the pathophysiologic effects of cocaine on the kidney and specific complications involving the kidneys.) [clinicaladvisor.com]

KEYWORDS: Crack-cocaine; Dependence; Intervention; Prevention; Review; Treatment [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Only taking more of the drug can prevent these feelings. [lakeviewbehavioralhealth.com]

More than anyone else, parents hold the key to preventing drug abuse by their children. Children listen to what their parents say, even if they don’t appear to. Take action now to prevent abuse of or eventual addiction to cocaine. [narconon-mexico.org]

Remember, seeking help early on can make a world of difference for the user and may prevent serious long-term side effects from occurring as a result of cocaine addiction. Weight loss is a common side effect of cocaine abuse. [cocaine.org]