The behavioral effects of the mixed μ/κ MCL-741, an aminothiazolomorphinan, in attenuating cocaine-induced locomotor activity will be presented. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fatigue

  […] found to curb cocaine cravings and reduce use of cocaine especially in chronic, heavy users How it works: Increases the amount of GABA in the brain, a neurotransmitter that has a calming and relaxing effect Side effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, fatigue [addictionrecoveryguide.org]

  Anxiety Itching Mood swings Irritability Fatigue Insomnia Nausea, vomiting Schizophrenic symptoms (e.g. delusions, disorganized speech & thought) Formication (a crawling sensation felt on the skin also known as “coke bugs”; only occurs in some cases, [discoveryplace.info]

  These medications come with side effects, such as fatigue, dizziness, and nausea. Medication should be combined with therapy and behavior modification. [luxury.rehabs.com]

  Primary symptoms of cocaine dependence may include: agitation and restless behavior depressed mood fatigue generalized malaise increased appetite vivid and unpleasant dreams slowing of activity During withdrawal, there can be powerful, intense cravings [drug.addictionblog.org]

• Rigor

  "It also suggests we can conduct rigorous trials of complementary medicine that will be published in reputable medical journals and that subjecting these treatments to [rigorous medical studies] does not necessarily place them at a disadvantage, as some [webmd.com]

  More rigorous tests of TMS’s ability to blunt the drug’s grip are now underway. [sciencemag.org]

  Nonetheless, none of these medications has yet been established as effective treatment in the same rigorous way as, for example, methadone has been for opioid dependence. [emcdda.europa.eu]

• Collapse

  Because there were no treatment × site or treatment × patient-group interactions, all subsequent outcome analyses are presented collapsed across site and patient group. [jama.jamanetwork.com]

  Snorting the substance can lead to irritation of the nasal septum, nosebleeds and hoarseness; while injections can lead to puncture marks, allergic reactions and collapsed veins. [newbeginningsdrugrehab.org]

• Malaise

  Primary symptoms of cocaine dependence may include: agitation and restless behavior depressed mood fatigue generalized malaise increased appetite vivid and unpleasant dreams slowing of activity During withdrawal, there can be powerful, intense cravings [drug.addictionblog.org]

  As a result, cocaine users often experience feelings of: Malaise Increased appetite Paranoia 5 In fact, once the cocaine high has worn off, users tend to exhibit deep depression and fatigue until reuse occurs. [blackbearrehab.com]

  Other sources also report the following: 4 Severe mood issues: apathy; an inability to experience pleasure Headaches Psychotic symptoms: paranoia; hallucinations General feelings of malaise, such as mild flu-like symptoms A decision to quit using cocaine [projectknow.com]

• Anorexia

  Timberline Knolls Residential Treatment Center is a leading rehab and recovery facility for women and adolescent girls suffering with cocaine dependency as well as other addictions, eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia) and co-occurring disorders. [timberlineknolls.com]

  In general, participants in the topiramate group experienced mild side-effects, including abnormal tingling skin sensations, taste distortions, anorexia, and difficulty concentrating. [sciencedaily.com]

  A person can also begin using the drug to try to self medicate a mood disorder such as depression, anxiety, bi-polar disorder, or an eating disorders like anorexia or bulimia. [addictionhope.com]

  We defined a CNS stimulant effect as increased CNS activity resulting in fatigue relief, improved performance in simple tasks, increased locomotor activity and anorexia in healthy people. Control intervention Placebo. [cochranelibrary.com]

• Pneumonia

  Pulmonary diagnoses may include pneumonia, bronchitis, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or emphysema), asthma or reactive airway disease, or a collapsed lung. [emedicinehealth.com]

• Nausea

  How it works: It increases acetaldehyde in the blood Side effects: Nausea, vomiting (sometimes very severe, if any alcohol or cocaine is used), rapid heart rate, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, confusion and fainting. [addictionrecoveryguide.org]

  OBJECTIVE: To test if past experiences of cue-induced physical symptoms of craving (nausea, vomiting, sweating, shaking, nervousness) before cocaine use could be a useful way to boost the diagnosis of cocaine dependence. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Anxiety, restlessness, inability to sit still Paranoia Serious skin infections, allergic reactions Cocaine Withdrawal Symptoms: Physical & Psychological Paranoia Depression Exhaustion, fatigue Anxiety Itching Mood swings Irritability Fatigue Insomnia Nausea [discoveryplace.info]

  Physical signs include: Increased sweating, body temperature, or heart rate Trouble breathing Chest pain Nausea or vomiting Confusion, seizures, tremors Watch for these mental signs of overdose, too: Anxiety Panic Paranoia Hallucinations Delirium An overdose [webmd.com]

• Loss of Appetite

  Signs of Cocaine Dependence Isolation (“hiding out”) Abnormal sleeping habits Loss of appetite, eating less than usual Unexplained weight loss Erratic behavior Unpredictable mood swings Constant sniffling/running nose Nosebleeds Anxiety, restlessness, [discoveryplace.info]

  Effects of Use A person who is addicted to cocaine may experience the following symptoms and effects from coke : Confusion Dilated pupils Excess energy Increase in heart rate and blood pressure Loss of appetite Paranoia Rapid heartbeat Rapid speech Runny [thegooddrugsguide.com]

  Other physical side effects include: Racing heart rate Dilated pupils Rapid breathing Insomnia Loss of appetite Nose bleeds Irregular heart rhythms Asthma Psychological side effects of using cocaine are numerous as well. [addictionhope.com]

• Diarrhea

  An amino acid that curbs cocaine cravings and repairs damage in the brain caused by cocaine use in animals How it works: Restores glutamate levels to normal in the area of the brain where addiction occurs Side effects: Gastrointestinal disturbance, diarrhea [addictionrecoveryguide.org]

• Tachycardia

  The use of cocaine can cause erratic mood swings, paranoia, sleeplessness (insomnia), psychosis, high blood pressure, tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), anxiety, panic attacks, cognitive impairments, and drastic changes in personality that can lead to inconsistent [discoveryplace.info]

  Record 1, Synonyms, English Record 1, Textual support, English Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF Cocaine dependency with such evidence of cocaine intoxication as agitation, loquaciousness, overestimation of physical and mental capacities, tachycardia [btb.termiumplus.gc.ca]

  Binge user - frequent repeated use causes tachycardia, twitching, insomnia and anxiety. The patient may experience hallucinations or persecutory delusions that can result in dangerous aggression. [patient.info]

• Euphoria

  Understanding Cocaine Cocaine is a white powdery substance that reacts with the body’s central nervous system, producing energy and euphoria. [addictioncenter.com]

  If you find yourself thinking about the euphoria produced by cocaine, force yourself to think of the negative outcomes that follow its use. [medlineplus.gov]

  The drug prevents dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with elevated mood, pleasure, and excitement, from being reabsorbed, so instead, it lingers in the brain, causing intense euphoria. [americanaddictioncenters.org]

  NS2359’s pharmacological profile means that it may be able to reduce cocaine withdrawal symptoms, reduce cocaine craving and reduce cocaine-induced euphoria. [saniona.com]

• Delusion

  […] including 8 cocaine-dependent patients using disulfiram in which 3 of them presented psychotic symptoms and 6 case-reports: disulfuram (1), methylphenidate (1), disulfiram with methylphenidate (2), and bupropion (2), reporting psychotic symptoms, especially delusions [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] uncomplicated F14.221 …… delirium F14.222 …… with perceptual disturbance F14.229 …… unspecified F14.23 …… with withdrawal F14.24 …… with cocaine-induced mood disorder F14.25 Cocaine dependence with cocaine-induced psychotic disorder F14.250 …… with delusions [icd10data.com]

  Paranoia Serious skin infections, allergic reactions Cocaine Withdrawal Symptoms: Physical & Psychological Paranoia Depression Exhaustion, fatigue Anxiety Itching Mood swings Irritability Fatigue Insomnia Nausea, vomiting Schizophrenic symptoms (e.g. delusions [discoveryplace.info]

  When high doses are used or the drug is used in binges, symptoms of cocaine use often include disorientation, delusions, paranoia, antisocial behavior and aggressiveness. [narconon.org]

• Anxiety Disorder

  RESULTS: Most prevalent additional disorders were depressive disorders, followed by anxiety disorders. Additional disorders did not significantly affect abstinence. Cohorts with more abstinence were linearly related to lower depression symptoms. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Cocaine abuse with cocaine-induced anxiety disorder F14.181 Cocaine abuse with cocaine-induced sexual dysfunction F14.182 Cocaine abuse with cocaine-induced sleep disorder F14.188 Cocaine abuse with other cocaine-induced disorder F14.19 …… with unspecified [icd10data.com]

  Anxiety Disorder Most people who have done a significant amount of cocaine, over time begin to develop anxiety along with depression and paranoia. [orlandorecovery.com]

  anxiety disorder cocaine-induced sexual dysfunction cocaine-induced sleep disorder cocaine-related disorder not otherwise specified Cocaine use disorders COCAINE ABUSE. [minddisorders.com]

• Auditory Hallucination

  Heavy users of cocaine can also suffer from “cocaine psychosis”, a condition which causes paranoia, confusion, depression and hallucinations. [castlecraig.co.uk]

  By contrast, low-frequency TMS seemed to tamp down the auditory hallucinations that can plague schizophrenics. [sciencemag.org]

• Agitation

  When you give up cocaine, you may feel agitated, depressed, exhausted and angry. Cocaine withdrawal can cause an intense emotional and physical crash that drives many addicts back to using. [luxury.rehabs.com]

  Instead, symptoms tend to by psychological in nature and include agitation, anxiety, distress, inability to focus on divided attention tasks, inability to follow directions, confusion, hostility, time distortion, and poor balance and coordination. [drug.addictionblog.org]

  Side effects may of cocaine include loss of contact with reality, nervousness, dizziness, an intense feeling of happiness, or agitation. Physical symptoms include a fast heart rate, sweating, and large pupils. [omicsonline.org]

• Headache

  […] cravings and reduce use of cocaine especially in chronic, heavy users How it works: Increases the amount of GABA in the brain, a neurotransmitter that has a calming and relaxing effect Side effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, fatigue, nausea, headache [addictionrecoveryguide.org]

  Cocaine-induced headaches can include such conditions as tension headache, stroke (bleed in head), sinusitis, meningitis, or brain abscess. [emedicinehealth.com]

• Insomnia

  The use of cocaine can cause erratic mood swings, paranoia, sleeplessness (insomnia), psychosis, high blood pressure, tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), anxiety, panic attacks, cognitive impairments, and drastic changes in personality that can lead to inconsistent [discoveryplace.info]

  If taken in large doses, it is possible to cause mood swings, paranoia, insomnia, psychosis, high blood pressure, a fast heart rate, panic attacks, cognitive impairments and drastic changes in personality. [en.wikipedia.org]

  A few of the side effects that various cannabinoid strains can provide relief from include nausea, depression, fatigue and insomnia. [marijuanadoctors.com]

  There are a number of cocaine withdrawal symptoms such as exhaustion, anxiety, mood swings, insomnia, the intense craving for more cocaine and irritability just to name a few. [addictionhope.com]

  Binge user - frequent repeated use causes tachycardia, twitching, insomnia and anxiety. The patient may experience hallucinations or persecutory delusions that can result in dangerous aggression. [patient.info]

• Apathy

  They may experience a “crash” consisting of depressed moods, anxiety, irritability, apathy and long periods of sleep. Recovery from Cocaine Addiction The sooner a cocaine addict can be helped to leave this drug behind, the better. [narconon.org]

  Here is a list of the most common signs that indicate you are going through withdrawal period. agitation and restless behavior alternating low and high drug craving depression mood and apathy disorientation fatigue hunger increased appetite irritability [drug.addictionblog.org]

  These programs tend to cost between $600 and $1,000 per day and will provide around-the-clock care to ensure the safest detox experience. 7 Possible Withdrawal Symptoms Some common cocaine withdrawal symptoms include: 1 Depression, apathy, uneasiness [projectknow.com]

  See color insert for color version of photo. he or she begins to experience depressed, elevated, or irritable mood with apathy (lack of empathy for others, and lack of showing a broad range of appropriate emotions). COCAINE-INDUCED ANXIETY DISORDER. [minddisorders.com]

• Lethargy

  Prolonged binges can result in a washed-out syndrome: lethargy and deep sleep for several hours to days with spontaneous recovery. [patient.info]

  Severe physiological damage Schizophrenia Lethargy Weight loss Depression Cocaine overdose Many habitual users develop a manic-like condition similar to schizophrenia. They may get aggressive and experience paranoia and hallucinations. [promises.com]

  Exhibiting periods of elation, hyperactivity, inability to sleep, or extreme talkativeness followed by periods of lethargy, sleepiness, irritability, or depression. [projectknow.com]

[…] and more likely to complete treatment and be retained in treatment longer. [jama.jamanetwork.com]

Multifamily therapy may be a powerful method to engage patients families in treatment and promote treatment retention, especially in the early, intensive phases of treatment for cocaine dependency. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

BACKGROUND: Dual dependence on opiate and cocaine occurs in about 60% of patients admitted to methadone maintenance and negatively impacts prognosis (Kosten et al. 2003. Drug Alcohol Depend. 70, 315). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis Not all cocaine abusers become dependent on the drug. [minddisorders.com]

Long Term Prognosis of Cocaine Addiction Rehabitation The prognosis for minor complications of cocaine use is good if further drug use can be stopped completely. [emedicinehealth.com]

(Etiology) The mechanism of Cocaine Dependence is not fully understood, because it affects each individual differently (and sometimes, not at all) Repeated use can result in dependence, as the user will, over time, need more cocaine to achieve the same [dovemed.com]

Morbidity Regarding emergency department (ED) visits in 2011, the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) reports that cocaine and marijuana were the most commonly involved drugs, with 505,224 ED visits (40.3%) and 455,668 ED visits (36.4%), respectively. [4] The etiologies [emedicine.com]

In the past, most attention in etiologic research on drug dependence has been fixed upon risks of first drug use or first appearance of drug dependence. [nature.com]

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 2 : 244–268 Anthony JC, Helzer JE. (1995): Epidemiology of drug dependence. In Tsuang M, Tohen M, Zahner G (eds), Psychiatric Epidemiology. [nature.com]

BACKGROUND: Neurotrophic factors have been investigated in the pathophysiology of alcohol and drug dependence and have been related to early life stress driving developmental programming of neuroendocrine systems. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Paredes A, Gorelick DA: Physiological and Pathophysiological Effects of Cocaine: (Introduction). Adv Alcohol Subst Abuse (in press). Google Scholar 8. Mody CK, Miller BL, Mclntyre HB, Cobb SK, Goldberg MA: Neurologic complications of cocaine abuse. [link.springer.com]

[…] substances. [1] There are 5 categories of stimulant-related disorders according to DSM-5. [1] They are as follows: Stimulant use disorder Stimulant intoxication Stimulant withdrawal Other stimulant-induced disorders Unspecified stimulant-related disorder Pathophysiology [emedicine.com]

Since there is no approved medication for cocaine withdrawal or relapse prevention, our focus was on relapse prevention counselling using cognitive behavioural principles. The outcome was variable. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Recovery and Relapse Prevention Strategies If you have decided that you are addicted, this is your opportunity to change your life. Learn more about recovery skills and relapse prevention strategies in the following pages. [addictionsandrecovery.org]