Presentation
"Comparison of in-hospital outcomes for beta-blocker use versus non-beta blocker use in patients presenting with cocaine-associated chest pain". The American Journal of Cardiology. 113 (11): 1802–1806. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.03.010. [en.wikipedia.org]
Gastrointestinal
- Nausea
[…] bad things happening Anxiety, agitation, restlessness, confusion Muscle tremors, such as in the face and fingers Enlarged pupils that don't get smaller when a light shines into the eyes Increased heart rate and blood pressure Lightheadedness Paleness Nausea [medlineplus.gov]
These may include: nausea cocaine headache twitching hallucinations a rise in blood pressure tachypnea (rapid breathing) hyperthermia (which can be exacerbated by cocaine-induced rhabdomyolysis – the destruction of muscle tissue) chest pain Early symptoms [bedrockrecoverycenter.com]
[…] in the US in 2017 due to an overdose where cocaine was somehow involved in any capacity, defined or undefined.[10] Because of the increase in heart rate, cocaine users can be prone to elevated body temperatures, tremors, chest pains, and subject to nausea [en.wikipedia.org]
Cardiovascular
- Tachycardia
[…] prevent reflex tachycardia by administering beta-blockers some minutes before using the latter class of CCBs). [en.wikipedia.org]
These symptoms can include: rambling anxiety tachycardia (increased heart rate) high blood pressure vomiting Other, more severe cocaine intoxication symptoms include: hyperthermia (increased body temperature) myocardial infarction (heart attack) vasoconstriction [bedrockrecoverycenter.com]
Urogenital
- Kidney Failure
Permanent damage may occur, which may cause: Seizures, stroke, and paralysis Chronic anxiety and psychosis (severe mental disorders) Decreased mental functioning Heart irregularities and decreased heart function Kidney failure requiring dialysis (kidney [medlineplus.gov]
Cocaine and/or associated hyperthermia may cause muscle cell destruction (rhabdomyolysis) and myoglobinuria resulting in kidney failure. [en.wikipedia.org]
Treatment
Currently, there are no pharmacologic treatments for cocaine abuse. For this reason, treatment of cocaine abuse involves evidence-based therapeutics (counseling), such as those you’ll find at Bedrock Recovery Center. [bedrockrecoverycenter.com]
[…] for heart, brain, muscle, and kidney complications Long-term treatment requires drug counseling in combination with medical therapy. [medlineplus.gov]
Emergency treatment of cocaine-associated high body temperature consists of giving a benzodiazepine and physical cooling. [en.wikipedia.org]
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology[edit] Cocaine pharmacodynamics involve multiple complex mechanisms. [en.wikipedia.org]
Prevention
[…] based on all cocaine-related studies.[31] Non-dihydropyridine calcium channels blockers such as diltiazem and verapamil are preferable, as dihydropyridine agents such as nifedipine have much higher risk of reflex tachycardia (however, clinicians can prevent [en.wikipedia.org]