Frostbite in the hands was present in 11.4% of men and 7.1% of women, cold sensitivity was present in 9.7 and 14.4%, and Raynaud's phenomenon was present in 11.0% of men and 14.0% of women. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hypothermia

  Temperatures for mild, moderate, and severe hypothermia generally range from: Mild hypothermia: 89-95 degrees Farenheit Moderate hypothermia: 82-89 degrees Farenheit Severe hypothermia: Lower than 82 degrees Farenheit Because response to hypothermia varies [webmd.com]

  Quick Summary: Hypothermia is a condition in which the body temperature drops below 95 deg. F (35 deg. C). [dovemed.com]

  These include: Hypothermia Hypothermia occurs when the body's core temperature, which is normally around 37 0 C, drops below 35 0 C. [healthand.com]

  Hypothermia is the general cooling of the body. When the body drops much below the normal temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, serious problems can arise. Severe hypothermia can lead to death. [nasdonline.org]

• Shivering

  All measurements were analysed across 4 periods: warm period, at 31% and at 64% of individual´s cold exposure time until shivering occurred, and at the shivering threshold. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Unconsciousness

  Don't try to give fluids to an unconscious person. If the hypothermic person is unconscious, or has no pulse or signs of breathing, call for emergency help right away. [webmd.com]

  The person may slip into unconsciousness. Hypothermia is a medical emergency and requires professional medical attention. [healthand.com]

  As the hypothermia progresses, the victim's speech becomes slurred, his or her behavior may become irrational, and unconsciousness and full heart failure can occur. [osha.gov]

• Fatigue

  A body of scientific literature supports the concept that prolonged and (or) repeated cold exposure, fatigue induced by sustained physical exertion, or both together can impair shivering and vasoconstrictor response to cold. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  However, regulating physical exertion to avoid exhaustion and fatigue, and; Avoiding alcohol and recreational drugs in extreme conditions, which can affect reasoning. Cold exposure (hypothermia) top 10 questions Disclaimer Welcome to Health&. [healthand.com]

• Pallor

  These actions result in a reduced blood supply to the skin and produce a marked pallor. If cold is prolonged there may be damage to the tissues because of the decreased blood supply. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  There is initial pain, pallor and numbness of the affected area. It is completely reversible with re-warming - usually within 30 minutes - and does not result in any cellular damage, tissue loss or ongoing abnormality. [patient.info]

• Hypertension

  Abstract The prevalence of hypertension is increased in winter and in cold regions of the world. Cold temperatures make hypertension worse and trigger cardiovascular complications (stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, etc.). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  These results show that β-adrenergic responsiveness of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle may have a role in the maintenance of cold-induced pulmonary hypertension. [ci.nii.ac.jp]

• Fracture

  The standout pieces were the unstructured, multi-layered patchwork tailored jackets that looked fractured, like his own mind at the time. At first, he eschewed fashion shows and seasonal collections. [businessoffashion.com]

  Immobilisation - eg, fracture. Open wounds. Prolonged exposure. Moisture. Peripheral arterial disease. Impaired cerebral function - for example, alcohol, other sedatives, psychiatric illnesses, hypoglycaemia. [patient.info]

  Contrary to popular belief, walking some distance on frostbitten feet can result in tissue fracture. Consequently, this ambulation should be avoided. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Apathy

  For more information, see the topic Body Temperature. ) Early symptoms of hypothermia include shivering in adults and older children; clumsy movements; apathy (lack of concern); poor judgment; and cold, pale, or blue-grey skin. [healthlinkbc.ca]

Subjects were re-evaluated after each treatment period. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation procedures should not be abandoned until the body temperature is more than 30 Grad C, because the prognosis in cases of accidental hypothermia without associated disease is excellent if cardiac function can be re-established [bisp-surf.de]

Please find relevant information on First Aid for Cold Exposure regarding cause, signs & symptoms, administration of first aid treatment, prognosis, preventive measures, and additional resources HERE. [dovemed.com]

Prognosis The prognosis depends on the severity and duration of the cold environment and the presence of any risk factors. [patient.info]

The reduction in blood flow and consequent fall in skin temperature contribute to the etiology of cold injuries (Purdue and Hunt, 1986). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiological research suggests that even in otherwise innocuous environmental conditions, hypothermia can occur. [uiltexas.org]

Epidemiological surveys of body temperature of older persons taken while in their own homes do not indicate a large incidence of hypothermia (Collins et al., 1977; Fox et al., 1973). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Nieman DC (1997) Risk of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Athletes: An Epidemiologic and Immunologic Perspective. 32(4): 344–349. View Article Google Scholar 6. Nieman DC (2009) Immune function responses to ultramarathon race competition. [journals.plos.org]

Our results warrant further study on pathophysiological mechanisms and suggest the need for confirmatory prevalence studies to support national public health planning. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pathophysiology of Tissue Freezing - As tissue begins to freeze, ice crystals are formed within the cells. [princeton.edu]

Further attacks were prevented by treatment with colchicine. Attention should therefore be paid to the possibility of atypical FMF symptoms, which should be accurately diagnosed by genetic analyses to prevent the development of amyloidosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention Cold damage is usually preventable, if you take sensible precautions. [healthand.com]

With regard to urban illness and death in winter, prevention is directed at around 50 000 excess deaths that still occur annually in Britain in cold weather. [encyclopedia.com]