Daubeney, offers essential guidance on the anatomical issues, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options available to practitioners today. [books.google.com]

The right sided atrium, bronchus, and lung presented a left morphology, and the left sided atrium, bronchus, and lung presented a right morphology. Figure 9. Complete TGA in situs inversus. [journal.frontiersin.org]

Stenosis, or other defects, of valves and/or vessels may also be present. When no other heart defects are present it is called 'simple' TGV; when other defects are present it is called 'complex' TGV. [en.wikipedia.org]

Tricuspid atresia: complete absence of the tricuspid valve; an ASD must be present to maintain blood flow. [patient.info]

If no obstructive lesions are present and there is a large VSD, cyanosis may go undetected and only be perceived during episodes of crying or agitation. In these cases, signs of congestive heart failure prevail. [orpha.net]

Daubeney, offers essential guidance on the anatomical issues, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options available to practitioners today. [books.google.com]

Clinical trials often give patients access to leading-edge treatments that are not yet widely available. [utswmedicine.org]

Learn more about treatment options for Epstein’s anomaly Congenital heart defects don’t always present a clear cut method of treatment. Often, there are multiple ways of approaching the diagnosis. [cookchildrens.org]

From the moment your child is born, we are ready to deliver life-saving treatments. [childrens.com]

VSDs close on their own in many cases and do not require additional treatment. If treatment is necessary, options include medications (such as diuretics) or sternotomy (involves making an incision through the sternum and closing the hole). [imaginis.com]

Prognosis: Cardiac failure is never seen in fetal life as well as postnatally. [sonoworld.com]

What is the prognosis? The prognosis of TGA is generally good, with survival without complications nearly 100%. In the long term, these children fare well and most are completely without symptoms and lead normal lives. [childrensheartcentre.com]

Prognosis With the advent of newer and improved surgical techniques and improved post-operative intensive care, the long-term survival is approximately 90% at 15 years of age. [orpha.net]

Prognosis The prognosis for children with congenital heart disease has improved dramatically over the last few decades. [patient.info]

Etiology The exact etiology remains unknown. Some associated risk factors (gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal exposure to rodenticides and herbicides, and maternal use of antiepileptic drugs) have been proposed. [orpha.net]

Additionally there was evidence of a complex etiology since the family history was only one of several potential risk factors. [www2.hshsl.umaryland.edu]

Etiology The etiology for transposition of the great arteries is unknown and is presumed to be multifactorial. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] concerning dermatopathology and pathology Atlas of fetal pathology Congenital malformations Physiological developement of an embryo and fetus, growth and changes of the external shape Congenital malformations and congenital anomalies Basic terminology Etiology [atlases.muni.cz]

Summary Epidemiology The incidence is estimated at 1 in 3,500-5,000 live births, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.5 to 3.2:1. Clinical description In 50% of cases, the VA discordance is an isolated finding. [orpha.net]

HuGENet Human Genome Epidemiology Network from the CDC is a global collaboration of individuals and organizations committed to the assessment of the impact of human genome variation on population health and how genetic information can be used to improve [www2.hshsl.umaryland.edu]

Epidemiology The reported total birth prevalence of congenital heart disease in Europe is 8.2 per thousand live births which is higher than reported birth prevalence in the USA (6.9 per thousand live births). [patient.info]

Epidemiology United States data Despite its overall low prevalence, transposition of the great arteries is the most common etiology for cyanotic congenital heart disease in the newborn. [1] This lesion presents in 5-7% of all patients with congenital [emedicine.medscape.com]

Grasp the full scope of the pathophysiology of CHD with well-organized, expert guidance. Quickly search the contents online, download images in JPG or PPT format, and view 70 echocardiogram videos at expertconsult.com. [elsevier.com]

Pathophysiology The exact pathophysiology depends on the location and severity of the defect. [textbookofcardiology.org]

(Click picture to show/hide bloodflows) Pathophysiology The physiology of "corrected" transposition of the great vessels is related to the associated defects. [vhlab.umn.edu]

Classification Classification into five groups based on pathophysiology has been suggested as it would be helpful in planning management [ 1 ]. [patient.info]

Pathophysiology The pulmonary and systemic circulations function in parallel, rather than in series. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Can congenital heart defects be prevented? Most congenital heart defects cannot be prevented. A woman can do some things to reduce the risk of congenital heart defects though. [americanpregnancy.org]

Reference Parker SE, Mai CT, Canfield MA, et al. for the National Birth Defects Prevention Network. Updated national birth prevalence estimates for selected birth defects in the United States, 2004-2006. [cdc.gov]

Hospital for Sick Children Health A-Z Search a complete list of child health articles expand_more View All Drug A-Z Search a list of articles about medications expand_more View All Learning Hubs Browse a complete list of content groups Healthy Living & Prevention [aboutkidshealth.ca]

Prevention Although many forms of congenital heart disease are not currently preventable, the avoidance of known risk factors such as drugs and alcohol during pregnancy will help to reduce the risk. [patient.info]

While they can't be prevented, many treatments are available for the defects and related health problems. [kidshealth.org]