Each entry follows a 5 section structure that will cover (1) essential features of the disorder (2) physiological basis of the disorder (3) neuropsychological and other clinical presentation (4) assessment and diagnostic practices (5) evidence-based treatments [books.google.com]

Email: [email protected],com Clinical Problem : A two-month-old boy presented with irritability, recurrent episodes of projectile vomiting for 3 days and rapidly increasing head size for 15 days. There was no fever. [pediatriconcall.com]

Congenital Congenital hydrocephalus results from a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors and is present at birth. It is important to remember that the term genetic does not imply that it is hereditary. [sbhi.ie]

Basically, they can be differentiated as they are presented: Acute hydrocephalus or rapid presentation : if it is in hours or days. Chronic hydrocephalus : when it arises slowly and progressively over days, weeks or months. [topdoctors.es]

The possible triad of symptoms typically present as follows: gait disturbance and difficulty walking mild dementia impaired bladder control These symptoms may not occur all at the same time, and sometimes only one or two symptoms are present. [hopkinsmedicine.org]

• Developmental Disorder

  While it may result from genetic inheritance or developmental disorders such as those associated with neural tube defects including spina bifida and encephalocele, other possible causes include complications of premature birth, diseases such as meningitis [ana-neurosurgery.com]

  Because this developmental disorder might begin as communicating hydrocephalus followed by brainstem compression, the designation "X-linked aqueductal stenosis" may be a misnomer ( Landrieu et al 1979 ; Willems et al 1987 ). [medlink.com]

  Genetic abnormalities or developmental disorders linked to conditions such as spina bifida sometimes cause the congenital forms of hydrocephalus. Other possible causes are meningitis, tumors, intraventricular bleeding, or subarachnoid hemorrhages. [birthinjuryguide.org]

  Hydrocephalus may result from inherited genetic abnormalities (such as the genetic defect that causes aqueductal stenosis) or developmental disorders (such as those associated with neural tube defects including spina bifida and encephalocele). [chasa.org]

• Collapse

  Even after appropriate placement of a shunt, annual neurologic visits are required. 11 Complications, including shunt collapse, infection, and occlusions, can cause a rise in CSF pressure that may lead to symptom recurrence and the need for additional [uspharmacist.com]

  Overdraining can cause the ventricles to collapse, tearing blood vessels and causing headache, hemorrhage (subdural hematoma), or slit-like ventricles (slit ventricle syndrome). [chasa.org]

  Overdraining can cause the ventricles to collapse, tearing blood vessels and causing headache, hemorrhage (subdural hematoma ), or slit-like ventricles (slit ventricle syndrome). [medicinenet.com]

  Overdrainage: When there is excessive drainage, the ventricles may collapse around the shunt, as in the 'slit ventricle' syndrome. [thamburaj.com]

• Muscle Spasticity

  spasticity (spasm); Slow growth (child 0–5 years); Slow or restricted movement; Vomiting. [6] Because hydrocephalus can injure the brain, thought and behavior may be adversely affected. [ipfs.io]

  spasticity ( spasm ) Slow growth (child 0–5 years) Slow or restricted movement Vomiting [7] Because hydrocephalus can injure the brain, thought and behavior may be adversely affected. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Symptoms of continued hydrocephalus include irritability and muscle spasticity. [encyclopedia.com]

• Blurred Vision

  Older children and adults present with the following symptoms: Headaches (more pronounced in the morning) Neck pain (indicating herniation of cerebellar tonsils) Vomiting Mental slowness Cognitive deterioration Blurred vision (due to papilledema and in [xpertdox.com]

  Symptoms of hydrocephalus The damage to the brain can cause a wide range of symptoms, including: headache being sick blurred vision difficulty walking Different types of hydrocephalus can cause specific symptoms. [nhs.uk]

  Symptoms in children and adults include the following: Slowing of mental capacity, cognitive deterioration Headaches (initially in the morning) Neck pain, suggesting tonsillar herniation Vomiting, more significant in the morning Blurred vision: A consequence [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Nausea, vomiting, headache, drowsiness, gait changes, papilledema with associated blurred vision, and impaired upward or lateral gaze. 3. Hydrocephalus is an increased volume of CSF within the CNS. [hawaii.edu]

• Visual Impairment

  This can cause a number of long-term complications, such as: learning disabilities impaired speech memory problems short attention span problems with organisational skills vision problems, such as a squint and visual impairment problems with physical [nhs.uk]

• Communicating Hydrocephalus

  Abstract Dilation of the subarachnoid channels overlying the cerebral hemispheres, ie, external hydrocephalus, can be an early anatomic-radiologic finding in some infants with congenital communicating hydrocephalus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Congenital Hydrocephalus: Communicating or Obstructive_?. [pediatriconcall.com]

  Hydrocephalus is classified according to whether the obstruction to CSF flow lies within the Ventricular System (Non-communicating Hydrocephalus) or outside the system in the Subarachnoid Space (Communicating Hydrocephalus). [neurosurgerydallas.com]

  @article{d0f83b9a78494b4fb5e3a99224d7fb74, title = "An Unusual Case of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection with Glaucoma and Communicating Hydrocephalus", author = "Sudhir Sekhsaria and F. Rahbar and A. Fomufod and R. [creighton.pure.elsevier.com]

• Intracranial Hemorrhage

  These include meningitis, intracranial hemorrhage, head trauma, and brain tumors. Signs and Symptoms The clinical manifestations of hydrocephalus vary with the patient's age, underlying cause, site of obstruction, mode of onset, and duration. [xpertdox.com]

  Hydrocephalus that results from head trauma, brain tumors, intracranial hemorrhage, or meningitis. The abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain. [icd10data.com]

  Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus due to intracranial hemorrhage with intraventricular extension. J Neurosurg. 2009 May 8. [Medline]. Espay AJ, Narayan RK, Duker AP, Barrett ET Jr, de Courten-Myers G. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  She had a history of perinatal intracranial hemorrhage. Neurologic examination revealed right hemiparesis. [ajnr.org]

• Vertigo

  […] complication can occur when CSF drains more rapidly than it is produced by the choroid plexus, causing symptoms - listlessness, severe headaches, irritability, light sensitivity, auditory hyperesthesia (sound sensitivity), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, vertigo [ipfs.io]

  […] complication can occur when CSF drains more rapidly than it is produced by the choroid plexus, causing symptoms of listlessness, severe headaches, irritability, light sensitivity, auditory hyperesthesia (sound sensitivity), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, vertigo [en.wikipedia.org]

• Hyperactivity

  Children with open sutures: increase in head-circumference irritability, poor control of the head, tense fontanelle, sixth cranial nerve palsy, reduced vertical gaze, and hyperactive reflexes. [institutoarraez.com]

[…] cadence with progressively shortening stride length, a hallmark of the gait impairment of Parkinson disease ) Frontal release signs (in late stages): Appearance of sucking and grasping reflexes Testing No specific blood tests are recommended in the workup [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Gliosis

  It may become irreversible because of secondary modifications of the ependyma and gliosis ( 22 ). [ispn.guide]

  Acquired aqueductal stenosis is most often due to neoplasm, infection with secondary gliosis, or germinal matrix hemorrhage (2,5). [hawaii.edu]

  In addition, aquedectal gliosis secondary to an ingrowth of fibrillary glia and aquedectal stenisis secondary septum has been described. Aquedctal stenosis can also be inherited in the rare Bickers-Adams syndrome (X linked hydrocephalus). [thamburaj.com]

Early treatment—before age 4 months—is important to help limit or prevent brain damage. Treatment focuses on reducing the amount of fluid in the brain to relieve pressure. [myhealth.alberta.ca]

[…] disorders across the lifespan (pediatric, adult, and geriatric populations) Includes interventions and methods of treatment for the outcomes patients may experience [books.google.com]

This section explains the causes and symptoms of hydrocephalus as well as outlining the long-term effects and treatment options available. [headwayabiaustralia.org]

However, recent treatment includes endoscopic ventriculostomy. [pediatriconcall.com]

On the other hand, those with mild isolated ventriculomegaly of less than 12 mm have an excellent prognosis. [chop.edu]

Treatment and prognosis The overall prognosis will depend on the underlying cause and associated anomalies. Some cases can slowly progress during the fetal period. Antenatal shunting has been considered in a small proportion of selected cases 2. [radiopaedia.org]

(other causes of dementia). they are not treatable or they are not of good prognosis). [topdoctors.es]

Beyond that, predicting a specific child’s prognosis depends on such variables as early detection of the condition, if any other disorders are present, and how well the child responds to the treatment. [birthinjuryguide.org]

A total of 205 patients with documented hydrocephalus were identified in whom a specific non-genetic etiology could not be established. [scholars.northwestern.edu]

Treat with observation or serial lumbar punctures or a ventricular shunt procedure depending on the etiology and severity and progression of symptoms. Click here for Patient Education [msdmanuals.com]

Etiologies of hydrocephalus and surgery. [scielo.br]

Etiology subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) meningitis normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) leptomeningeal infiltration by tumor leptomeningeal carcinomatosis disseminated oligodendroglial-like leptomeningeal tumor of childhood (case 4) as a post-operative [radiopaedia.org]

Epidemiology There is some evidence that the incidence of paediatric hydrocephalus has declined in many developed countries. [patient.info]

Nervenarzt 66:397–402 PubMed Google Scholar Levine DN, Rapalino O (2001) The pathophysiology of lumbar puncture headache. [link.springer.com]

Objectives After completing this article, readers should be able to: Understand basic pathophysiology related to hydrocephalus and available treatments. Recognize presenting signs and symptoms of hydrocephalus. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]

According to Bateman, venous hypertension should be considered as the most crucial factor in the pathophysiology of LIAS. [ispn.guide]

Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach. 7th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2008:1744. 3. Kandasamy J, Jenkinson MD, Mallucci CL. Contemporary management and recent advances in paediatric hydrocephalus. BMJ. 2011;343:146-151. 4. [uspharmacist.com]

Definition Abnormal enlargement of cerebral ventricles and/or subarachnoid space as a result of excess cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) accumulation Types of hydrocephalus Type of hydrocephalus Etiology Pathophysiology Symptoms/Clinical findings Diagnosis [amboss.com]

Shunts and third ventriculostomies relieve the pressure inside the skull and prevent more neurological damage. [birthinjuryguide.org]

Preventing and promptly treating the infections and other illnesses associated with hydrocephalus may reduce your risk. To prevent head injury: Use appropriate safety equipment. [mayoclinic.org]

Prevention There is no known prevention of congenital hydrocephalus. Some cases of elevated pressure hydrocephalus may be avoided by preventing or treating the infectious diseases that precede them. [healthofchildren.com]

Early treatment—before age 4 months—is important to help limit or prevent brain damage. Treatment focuses on reducing the amount of fluid in the brain to relieve pressure. [myhealth.alberta.ca]

Prevention A few of the causes of hydrocephalus can be prevented: To help avoid severe head injury, wear appropriate protective gear when participating in contact sports or other activities, such as skiing, riding a bike and sledding, with a risk of head [drugs.com]