Individual case presentations provide a valuable tool for differential diagnosis. [books.google.com]

Presentation : these variably present from early childhood (especially lymphangiomas) to adulthood. Varices present with intermittent proptosis (evident in the Valsalva manoeuvre) ± visible lesions in the eyelid. [patient.info]

More than 95% of children born to mothers with Graves disease present with symptoms within the first month of life; rarely, presentation is delayed into the second month. [merckmanuals.com]

Snapshot A 27-year-old woman with vitiligo presents to her primary care physician with progressive fatigue and weight loss despite a good appetite. [medbullets.com]

• Pleural Effusion

  effusion 350 Pleural effusion with or without pulmonary pathology 351 Parietal pleural thickening without pleural fluid 352 Localized pleural thickening in children 353 The Mediastinum and the Diaphragm Mediastinum 1 Pneumomediastinum in infancy and [books.google.com]

• Strabismus

  Research of Exophthalmos Congenital has been linked to Exophthalmos, Orbital Neoplasms, Neoplasms, Teratoma, Strabismus. [novusbio.com]

  Strabismus — Any deviation of the eyes from a common direction. Commonly called a turned eye. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Abnormal Eyeball Positioning If your kitten’s eyeball appears abnormally positioned, he may have strabismus, exophthalmos or enophthalmos. Strabismus occurs when one or both eyes look off in different directions, often referred to as crossed eyes. [pets.thenest.com]

  Lagophthalmos (eyelid cannot close) Orbital Fracture(s) Orbital Tumors Ptosis Revisional Eyelid Surgery Stye (Chalazion) Optometry & Low Vision Pediatric Ophthalmology & Eye Alignment Disorders Accommodative Esotropia Amblyopia Eye Movement Disorders Strabismus [health.ucsd.edu]

  Practical Ophthalmology 58 2000 Chiasmal syndrome New J Mustrated Hand book of Clinical Ophthalmology 8 1999 Intranuclear ophthalmoplegia Practical Ophthalmology 43 1999 Nystogmus Practical Ophthalmology 1997 Research Grants & Projects Plain Text Study on strabismus [researchmap.jp]

• Bilateral Proptosis

  Bilateral proptosis in adults is caused most often by TED; however, bilateral orbital involvement from lymphoma, vasculitis, NSOI, metastatic tumors, carotid cavernous fistulas, cavernous sinus thrombosis, or leukemic infiltrates can also produce bilateral [aao.org]

  CLASSIFICATION Proptosis can be divided into following clinical groups: Unilateral proptosis Bilateral proptosis Acute proptosis Intermittent proptosis Pulsating proptosis ETIOLOGY Important causes of proptosis in each clinical group are listed here: [ikeyes.blogspot.com]

  Etiology / Causes of Proptosis: Inflammatory/Infection: Graves’ ophthalmopathy, due to Graves’ disease (Thyroid Eye Disease), usually causes bilateral proptosis. Orbital cellulitis – Infection of the orbit. [oculoplastic-eyelid-orbit-surgery.com]

  Another tumour affecting the orbit and so resulting in proptosis is granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) which may present with rapid onset of (occasionally bilateral) proptosis at about 7 years of age. [patient.info]

  (min 28) 4 EOM involved 5 Corneal involvement 6 Sight loss Symptom Type I Type II Sex predilection Female Proptosis Symmetric Unilateral or bilateral Eyelid retraction Symmetric Unilateral or bilateral Orbital inflammation Minimal Extraocular muscle [eyeplastics.com]

• Unilateral Proptosis

  It presents with acute, usually unilateral proptosis with severe pain. [oculoplastic-eyelid-orbit-surgery.com]

  CLASSIFICATION Proptosis can be divided into following clinical groups: Unilateral proptosis Bilateral proptosis Acute proptosis Intermittent proptosis Pulsating proptosis ETIOLOGY Important causes of proptosis in each clinical group are listed here: [ikeyes.blogspot.com]

  Unilateral proptosis in adults is also most frequently caused by TED. In children, bilateral proptosis may be caused by metastatic neuroblastoma, leukemic infiltrates, TED, or NSOI. [aao.org]

• Colitis

  […] mucosa 488 Deformation of the terminal ileum 489 Lesions mimikig regional enteritis 490 Abnormalities of the ileocecal valve 491 Large bowel 73 Cecal filling defects or deformed cecum 492 Typhlitis 493 Filling defects in the colon Single or multiple 494 Colitis [books.google.com]

• Pleural Effusion

  effusion 350 Pleural effusion with or without pulmonary pathology 351 Parietal pleural thickening without pleural fluid 352 Localized pleural thickening in children 353 The Mediastinum and the Diaphragm Mediastinum 1 Pneumomediastinum in infancy and [books.google.com]

Features coverage of the latest treatment innovations including antibiotic residue testing, care of individual metabolic disease, troubleshooting, and much more. [books.google.com]

Treatment If a tumor is growing behind the eye, it needs to be removed. If Graves' disease is the cause, it may subside with treatment of the overactive thyroid, but this is not guaranteed. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

& Medications Thyrogen Treatment – Thyroid Cancer Thyrogen FAQs Nexavar Treatment – Thyroid Cancer Radioactive Iodine – To Treat the Thyroid Gland Surgery – Hemi Thyroidectomy – Total Thyroidectomy Hyperthyroidism/OveractiveThyroid Hypothyroidism/Underactive [thyroidfoundation.org.au]

Birthmarks are very common and most types do not require any treatment at all. [gosh.nhs.uk]

Surgical outcomes with 360-degree suture trabeculotomy in poor-prognosis primary congenital glaucoma and glaucoma associated with congenital anomalies or cataract surgery. [freethesaurus.com]

Prognosis Exophthalmos can be progressive. Its progress must be carefully followed, treating complications as they occur. Prevention Vision can usually be preserved with attentive treatment. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Prognosis of ocular myasthenia. Ann Neurol 1983 Nov;14(5):516-9. 17. Weinberg DA, Lesser RL, Vollmer TL. Ocular myasthenia: a protean disorder. Surv Ophthalmol 1994 Nov-Dec;39(3):169-210. 18. Kanski JJ. Clinical Ophthalmology, 4th ed. [reviewofoptometry.com]

Otorhinolaryngological examination is necessary when the paranasal sinus or a nasopharyngeal mass apears to be a possible etiological factor. II. [ikeyes.blogspot.com]

[…] thyroid enlargement myxedema dermal accumulation of mucopolysaccharides non-pitting hyperreflexia Studies Diagnostic testing diagnostic approach screening for patients with clinical suspicion autoantibody titers are diagnostic imaging to differentiate etiologies [medbullets.com]

Etiology / Causes of Proptosis: Inflammatory/Infection: Graves’ ophthalmopathy, due to Graves’ disease (Thyroid Eye Disease), usually causes bilateral proptosis. Orbital cellulitis – Infection of the orbit. [oculoplastic-eyelid-orbit-surgery.com]

The etiology of the thyroid-related orbitopathy is an autoimmune process, predominantly affecting the fat and the extraocular muscles. There is accompanying accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and water. [clinipedia.wordpress.com]

[…] interstitial and granulonodulo alveolar pattern 324 Interstitialreticular pulmonary pattern 326 Disseminated interstitial pneumonitis 327 The miliary pattern of pneumonia 328 Short linear andor wedgeshaped densities 329 Pulmonary edema in infancy and childhood Etiology [books.google.com]

Epidemiology and prevention of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Thyroid. 2002 Oct. 12(10):855-60. [Medline]. Putta-Manohar S, Perros P. Epidemiology of Graves' orbitopathy. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2010 Mar. 7 Suppl 2:182-5. [Medline]. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Introduction Clinical definition autoimmune hyperthyroidism Epidemiology demographics the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States female dominant typically 20-40 years of age Pathogenesis triggered by stress e.g. childbirth, infection [medbullets.com]

The epidemiologic characteristics and clinical course of ophthalmopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1994;92:477-588. 8. Brazis PW, Lee AG. Binocular vertical diplopia. [reviewofoptometry.com]

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF EXOPHTHALMOS There is a small amount of redundant space within the orbit and so any swelling within these tissues results in forward displacement of the globe. [clinipedia.wordpress.com]

The pathophysiology of thyroid eye disease: implications for immunotherapy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2011 Sep. 22 (5):385-90. [Medline]. Ugradar S, Rootman DB. Case Series: Noninflammatory Thyroid Eye Disease. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Decreased vision - visual acuity may be impaired by: Direct optic nerve involvement due to the pathophysiology. Distortion of the macula by a lesion pushing in behind the globe. Exposure keratopathy (see above) can also affect the visual acuity. [patient.info]

Revised drug usage recommendations and legal considerations present the most current information in these critical areas to help you prevent dangerous or costly errors. [books.google.com]

Prevention Vision can usually be preserved with attentive treatment. There is currently no way to prevent any of the underlying conditions that lead to exophthalmos. Resources Books Fauci, Anthony S., et al., editors. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Early detection and treatment could prevent vision loss. See an eye care professional right away if you have a sudden change in vision, if everything looks dim, or if you see flashes of light. [icdlist.com]

Hyperthyroidism can cause exophthalmos How can it be prevented? In some cases, in its initial stages, exophthalmos can only be detected using imaging techniques. [imo.es]

Epidemiology and prevention of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Thyroid. 2002 Oct. 12(10):855-60. [Medline]. Putta-Manohar S, Perros P. Epidemiology of Graves' orbitopathy. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2010 Mar. 7 Suppl 2:182-5. [Medline]. [emedicine.medscape.com]