Miosis, ptosis, and ipsilateral facial anhidrosis are normally present in Horner’s syndrome. Pathologies which show central, preganglionic and postganglionic residence in sympathetic chain are present in its etiology. [ingentaconnect.com]

[…] children the Horner’s syndrome was the presenting feature. [bjo.bmj.com]

The patient reported that these anomalies had always been present, and a diagnosis of congenital HS was reached. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The signs and symptoms of neurological disease are elusive by their very nature, presenting a confounding diagnostic challenge. [books.google.com]

• Painter

  Medland ES, Nyholt DR, Painter JN, McEvoy BP, McRae AF, Zhu G, Gordon SD, Ferreira MA, Wright MJ, Henders AK, Campbell MJ, Duffy DL, Hansell NK, Macgregor S, Slutske WS, Heath AC, Montgomery GW, Martin NG. [journals.lww.com]

• Piebaldism

  […] neurofibromatosis), ocular melanosis, oculodermal melanocytosis (nevus of Ota), pigment dispersion syndrome, or Sturge-Weber syndrome (with abnormal hyperpigmentation of the iris), or by isolated iris hypoplasia, congenital HS, Waardenburg syndrome, piebaldism [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The tumor should be assessed by CT or MRI, and a metastatic workup including bone scan should be done as well. If possible, the tumor should be biopsied and assessed for cytogenic and molecular markers. [pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]

Years ago, in the workup of a child with Horner syndrome, we scanned the brain, the neck, and the chest. Now, we do not routinely scan the brain because we know that neuron 1 and neuron 3 lesions occur almost exclusively in adults. [jamanetwork.com]

Given that malignancy is a prominent feature of recently diagnosed preganglionic Horner syndrome, patients may avoid an unnecessary extensive workup for carcinoma if the lesion can be shown to be old or long-standing. [emedicine.medscape.com]

All patients received a full workup, including complete ophthalmic examination, neurologic imaging tests including contrast-enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging, carotid doppler ultrasound and neck and thoracic computed tomography angiogram, and [journals.plos.org]

Coverage includes major updates on genetics of diseases, new diagnostic techniques, and the newest treatment options. [books.google.com]

Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the condition. There is no treatment for Horner syndrome itself. Ptosis is very mild and in rare cases affects vision in Horner syndrome. [medlineplus.gov]

Treatment Treatment depends on the cause of the problem. There is no treatment for Horner syndrome itself. Outlook (Prognosis) The outcome depends on whether treatment of the cause is successful. [nicklauschildrens.org]

Management and Treatment How is Horner’s syndrome treated? The treatment will depend on which kind of underlying disorder is causing Horner’s syndrome. Since there are many possible causes, the kinds of treatment can vary widely. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

Make the best clinical decisions with an enhanced emphasis on evidence-based practice and expert opinions on treatment strategies. Zero in on the most relevant and useful references with the aid of a more focused, concise bibliography. [books.google.de]

Outlook / Prognosis What is the prognosis (outlook) with Horner’s syndrome? The prognosis of Horner’s syndrome also depends on the underlying cause. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

The prognosis will greatly depend upon the severity of the disorder as well as how quickly it’s detected and treated. [birthinjuryguide.org]

The prognosis is usually good in cases without a total involvement of sympathetic innervation. Cases of complete section may cause ophthalmological problems which should be evaluated by a specialist. [elsevier.es]

Stage 4S—Special category reserved for infants under 1 year of age which carries a much better prognosis. [pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]

Horner’s Syndrome Recovery The prognosis of this disease depends on the success of treatment of the causative condition. If Idiopathic Horner’s Syndrome is detected, it can only be cured with time. [hxbenefit.com]

Brachial plexus injury due to birth trauma plays a major role in the etiology of congenital Horner’s syndrome. There was not any birth trauma history in our patient. The patient was diagnosed to have neuroblastoma as a result of etiologic tests. [ingentaconnect.com]

Etiology The etiology of Horner’s syndrome varies with the patient age and site of lesion. The etiology remains unknown in 35-40% of cases. [eyewiki.aao.org]

DISCUSSION The etiology of congenital Horner syndrome in our patients varied. In the first patient, the etiology could not be determined. [journals.lww.com]

Muller J Med Sci Res 2014;5:174-6 Introduction Horner's syndrome is a clinical diagnosis with varied etiology. The signs are mild ptosis, enophthalmos, miosis, anhydrosis, and loss of ciliospinal reflex. [mjmsr.net]

ICD-9 337.9 Epidemiology In a population based study of Horner’s syndrome in the pediatric age group, the incidence of Horner’s syndrome was estimated to be 1.42 per 100 000 patients younger than 19 years, with a birth prevalence of 1 in 6250 for those [eyewiki.aao.org]

Pathophysiology Horner syndrome is due to a deficiency of sympathetic activity. The site of lesion to the sympathetic outflow is on the ipsilateral side of the symptoms. [drduerksen.com]

Rapidly find the answers you need with separate sections on diseases and disorders, differential diagnosis, clinical algorithms, laboratory results, and clinical preventive services, plus an at-a-glance format that uses cross-references, outlines, bullets [books.google.com]

Primary prevention Prevention strategies depend on the etiology of Horner’s syndrome. These may include prevention of trauma (especially head trauma), control of cardiovascular risk factors and smoking cessation. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Further, early detection and treatment of eye manifestations may also lead to prevention of amblyopia. References 1 Bosch MM, Mironov A, Killer HE. Atypical presentation of neurofibromatosis type 2 in a boy. [nature.com]