Reduction defects of upper arm and forearm with hand present Fig. 4.31. [cdc.gov]

[…] hemimelia have motion and functional limitations as well. absent ulna severely shortened ulna oligodactyly involving the ulnar side of carpals, metacarpals and phalanges fixed flexion deformity of the elbow joint radiohumeral synostosis may sometimes be present [radiopaedia.org]

In case of syndromic presentation, prognosis depends on the nature of the associated anomalies. The documents contained in this web site are presented for information purposes only. [orpha.net]

Whenever there are radial extensor tendons present, we transfer them to the ulnar portion of the carpus. [scielo.br]

• Acrocephaly

  […] deformity NOS of unspecified limb Excludes: reduction deformity of unspecified limb (755.4) 756 Other congenital musculoskeletal anomalies Excludes: those deformities classifiable to 754.0-754.8 756.0 Anomalies of skull and face bones Absence of skull bones Acrocephaly [theodora.com]

[…] in isolation, but frequently associated with other congenital malformations  No correlation between severity of deformity and presence of associated syndrome or anomaly  All children presenting with radial longitudinal deficiency require additional workup [slideplayer.com]

Laboratory studies Laboratory workup may identify genetic or other abnormalities in patients with dysmorphic features, but are not indicated in the absence of syndromic features, including most CLDs. [now.aapmr.org]

Management and treatment Treatment depends on the severity of the condition and the associated skeletal anomalies or syndromes. Passive stretching exercises may allow extension of the wrist and elbow to a normal position. [orpha.net]

Make informed clinical choices for each patient, from diagnosis and treatment selection through post-treatment strategies and management of complications, with new evidence-based criteria throughout. [books.google.com]

The question then will be why treatment should be administered. [scielo.br]

Prognosis Patients with ulnar hemimelia may have limited motion, function and strength, but in general, the limb and hand are functional. In case of syndromic presentation, prognosis depends on the nature of the associated anomalies. [orpha.net]

[…] lengthening of shortened digits Breast Reconstruction / implant Chest wall deformity Latissimus dorsi transfer Outcomes: Prognosis generally good, with few functional deficits Potential Complications as related to surgical procedures as noted Recommended [posna.org]

The worse prognosis may be related to the high complication rate associated with distal ulnar physeal separation. The goal of treatment is to prevent migration of the distal radius and stabilize the distal radioulnar joint. [jocr.co.in]

Etiology The etiology of ulnar hemimelia remains unknown. The deformity is believed to develop between the 4th and 7th week of gestation. Diagnostic methods Diagnosis is based on clinical examination and X-rays. [orpha.net]

Etiology Embryologic insult during upper limb development and antero-posterior limb patterning Theory: insult to the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) Genetics Unknown, but if associated with radial deficiency there can be a deletion of chromosome 22q11 [posna.org]

Etiology In the 19th century, the etiology of radial club hand was theorized to be either a congenital absence or an acquired defect secondary to syphilis. [ijpoonline.com]

Epidemiology Incidence is estimated at 1/100,000-150,000 live births, with a male to female ratio of 3:2. [devel.pacs.de]

Summary Epidemiology Incidence is estimated at 1/100,000-150,000 live births, with a male to female ratio of 3:2. [orpha.net]

Epidemiology Thumb hypoplasia has an incidence of 1 in 100,000 live births. Both males and females are equally affected. About 60% of cases occur in isolation whereas others are associated with defects of the radius bone. [boneandspine.com]

Epidemiology including risk factors and primary prevention Congenital limb deficiencies impact 5 to 9.7 births for every 10,000 live births. [now.aapmr.org]

Pathophysiology Elliott et al studied 28 patients with posterior congenital dislocation of the radial head and proximal radioulnar fusion to help determine whether they are different clinical manifestations of the same primary developmental abnormality [emedicine.medscape.com]

The exact pathophysiology of amniotic band syndrome remains controversial. [now.aapmr.org]

Anatomy and pathophysiology Absolute stenosis is defined by a canal measuring 10 mm in anterior/posterior dimension, while relative stenosis denotes a 13 mm canal. 1 Both radicular and myelopathic complaints arise when the canal is narrowed to these critical [nature.com]

These involve excision of synostosis and interposition of inert tissue to prevent reformation of synostosis, However, synostosis typically recurs inspite of the interposition of silicone, fat, or muscle. [boneandspine.com]

Epidemiology including risk factors and primary prevention Congenital limb deficiencies impact 5 to 9.7 births for every 10,000 live births. [now.aapmr.org]

Treatment is aimed at preventing or correcting PIP hyperextension, restoring DIP extension or both. [flinders.edu.au]

However, some authors have recommended resection of the ulnar-distal radial cartilaginous anlage in an attempt to prevent shortening, bowing, and possible malrotation of the radius. [oandplibrary.org]

The goal of treatment is to prevent migration of the distal radius and stabilize the distal radioulnar joint. Letts and Rowhani have suggested that all Galeazzi fractures and equivalents be managed with the forearm in supination. [jocr.co.in]