Presentation
[…] if the condition was present at the time of inpatient admission. [icd.codes]
Sixteen patients were asymptomatic with pulmonary systolic murmurs, although 6 patients presented with dyspnea. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Stenosis - when the valve doesn't open enough and blocks blood flow Valve problems can be present at birth or caused by infections, heart attacks, or heart disease or damage. [icdlist.com]
On Admission POA Help "Present On Admission" is defined as present at the time the order for inpatient admission occurs — conditions that develop during an outpatient encounter, including emergency department, observation, or outpatient surgery, are [icd10data.com]
In each of 16 patients studied, a pulmonary ejection murmur was present, but this was not associated with an ejection click. [circ.ahajournals.org]
Cardiovascular
-
Systolic Murmur
Sixteen patients were asymptomatic with pulmonary systolic murmurs, although 6 patients presented with dyspnea. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Physical examination revealed grade 3/6 systolic murmur over the precordium, most prominent in left 2 nd intercostal space. The second heart sound was inaudible. [scirp.org]
Systolic Murmurs - Pulmonary Stenosis You are listening to a typical example of the murmur caused by pulmonary valve stenosis. [med.ucla.edu]
Ejection systolic murmur along the left upper edge of the sternum. Pulmonary ejection click. Delayed second heart sound with severe stenosis. Parasternal thrill and heave. 'A waves' in the JVP. [patient.info]
In the second and third intercostal space to the left of the sternum there is a prominent thrill and clear harsh systolic murmur. Infundibular stenosis in the presence of murmur is heard in the third and fourth intercostales space. [remedyland.com]
Workup
Hypertrophy
-
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Doppler and ECG analyses showed that delta P did not change significantly similar to immediate gradient after PBPV and right ventricular hypertrophy disappeared progressively 6 months after PBPV. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
X-ray chest revealed prominent main pulmonary artery segment resulting from poststenotic dilatation of the pulmonary trunk and right ventricular hypertrophy as shown in Figure 6. [scirp.org]
Chest X-ray revealed oligemic lung fields with right atrial and right ventricular hypertrophy (Figure 4). [omicsonline.org]
The purpose of continued evaluation is to monitor for progression (or regression) of the stenosis, as well as for development of pulmonic insufficiency or right ventricular hypertrophy. [clinicaladvisor.com]
ECG: may show right ventricular hypertrophy, right atrial hypertrophy and right axis deviation. Angiography: may be required in children with multiple cardiac abnormalities. [patient.info]
Treatment
This procedure should be considered as the primary treatment of adult patients with pulmonary valve stenosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Many children with congenital heart defects don't need treatment, but others do. Treatment can include medicines, catheter procedures, surgery, and heart transplants. [icdlist.com]
Prognosis
Prognosis Pulmonary regurgitation is usually well tolerated in childhood. [patient.info]
What is the prognosis? The prognosis for this condition is generally good, with survival without complications nearly 100%. In the long term, these children fare well and most have no symptoms and lead normal lives. [childrensheartcentre.com]
Prognosis for pulmonary valve stenosis Patients with moderate stenosis can have a normal life. Bacterial endocarditis can be developed. [remedyland.com]
Mild-pulmonic stenosis has a generally favorable prognosis. Many times, the stenosis will improve or go away completely over the first few years of life. [clinicaladvisor.com]
Etiology
Congenital etiologies cause an abnormal development of distal bulbus cordis secondary to: Rubella embryopathy (most important etiology) Isolated branch pulmonary artery stenosis (stenosis of a sling of the ductus arteriosus) Congenital/genetic syndromes [unboundmedicine.com]
The etiological differential features of valvular pulmonic stenosis are shown in Table 1. 3.2. Clinical Characteristics 3.2.1. [scirp.org]
Specific features depend on the etiology, which affects the level at which the obstruction to right ventricular outflow occurs: valvular pulmonic stenosis most common cause level of obstruction thickened and/or structurally abnormal valve leaflets leaflets [radiopaedia.org]
(Etiology) Pulmonary Valve Stenosis is a narrowing of the pulmonary valve which occurs at birth. The exact cause of the condition is unknown. [dovemed.com]
The most common etiologies are carcinoid syndrome, rheumatic fever, and homograft dysfunction. [4] Years of stenosis can result in subendocardial hypertrophy causing significant outflow obstruction and resulting in right ventricular pressure overload [emedicine.medscape.com]
Epidemiology
Explore these free sample topics: -- The first section of this topic is shown below -- Basics Description Deformity of pulmonary valve, most commonly congenital, resulting in obstruction of right ventricular (RV) outflow Epidemiology Incidence Predominant [unboundmedicine.com]
Both pulmonary stenosis (PS) and pulmonary regurgitation are often well tolerated for long periods but the overload of the right ventricle has a progressively detrimental effect on right ventricular function. [ 1 ] Epidemiology Pulmonary valve disease [patient.info]
As this process worsens, the asymptomatic adult becomes gradually symptomatic. [11, 12] Epidemiology Occurrence in the United States Approximately 5 out of 1000 infants are born with a congenital cardiac malformation. [5] Cardiac malformation is the most [emedicine.medscape.com]
Epidemiology of ischemic stroke subtypes according to TOAST criteria: incidence, recurrence, and long-term survival in ischemic stroke subtypes: a population-based study. Stroke 32, 2735–2740 (2001). 31. Sacco, R. L. et al. [nature.com]
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology A systolic pressure gradient between the pumping chamber and its downstream artery is the primary hemodynamic abnormality of stenosis regardless of whether the obstruction is right- or left-sided. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]
[…] male ( 1 ) African Americans (46.5%), Hispanics (33.1%), and Caucasians (20.4%) ( 1 ) Prevalence 10% of all cases of congenital heart disease In association with other lesions, may be as high as 25–30% of congenital heart disease ( 1 ) Etiology and Pathophysiology [unboundmedicine.com]
[…] analyzed the treatment, quality of life, echocardiography findings, complications, exercise responses, and predisposition to endocarditis with regards to cardiac valvular disease, and pulmonary stenosis was found to be the most benign valvular lesion. [9] Pathophysiology [emedicine.medscape.com]
Prevention
Patients with severe or moderate to severe pulmonary valve stenosis require intervention to prevent long term damage to the heart. [pediatricheartspecialists.com]
Endocarditis Prevention If you have PS, you don't need to take antibiotics to prevent endocarditis unless you've had prior endocarditis or you've had valve replacement. See the section on Endocarditis for more information. [heart.org]
It can help to prevent an infection of the valve. Not everyone with valve stenosis will need this step. [winchesterhospital.org]
The pulmonary valve functions as a one-way valve that allows blood to move from the right ventricle (pumping chamber) into the artery to the lungs and prevents blood from leaking back into the right ventricle. [childrenshospital.org]
Prevention & Risk Assessment Prevention & Risk Assessment What causes pulmonary stenosis? Congenital pulmonary stenosis occurs due to improper development of the pulmonary valve in the first eight weeks of fetal growth. [childrensnational.org]