The presenting signs and symptoms of stridor, recurrent pneumonia, and respiratory distress are commonly seen in other conditions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to add to the experience of slide tracheoplasty in infants with congenital tracheal stenosis (CTS), to review the recent literature on this subject, and to evaluate the diagnostic workup in infants with CTS [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

FIGURE 2 Proposed diagnostic workup for a child presenting with symptoms suggestive of CTS. LPA, left pulmonary artery. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Many tests are available to assist in the workup of congenital tracheal malformations. The initial otolaryngologic evaluation should include a fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy to rule out any supraglottic or glottic abnormalities. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Age, gender, symptoms, imaging (x-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or bronchography), endoscopic findings, associated anomalies, treatment, intubation time, postoperative treatment, intensive care unit stay, complications, hospital [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The prognosis of long-segment funnel-shaped congenital tracheal stenosis improved with surgical management by enlargement-tracheoplasty with a pericardial patch. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The etiology of tracheal atresia and tracheal stenosis is still unclear, but both conditions are frequently combined with other anomalies of the VACTERL (vertebral anomalies, anal atresia, cardiovascular anomalies, tracheoesophageal fistula, esophageal [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Vascular Anomalies In tracheal disorders of vascular etiology, the trachea is inherently normal. However, large vessels are extrinsically impinging upon it, and possibly upon the esophagus as well. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Warkany J, Roth TB, Wilson J (1948) Multiple congenital malformations: a consideration of etiologic factors. Pediatrics 1:462–471 PubMed Google Scholar 22. Magnaldo T (2002) SHH (Sonic hedgehog). Atlas genet cytogenet oncol haematol. February2002. [link.springer.com]

Tracheal stenosis is a relatively uncommon problem that has a variety of etiologies. It frequently has an insidious onset, and the early signs and symptoms may be disregarded or mistaken for a variety of other disorders. [tracheotomy.info]

Its natural history and epidemiology are poorly described. Information is scarce on cases not undergoing surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients with CTS in one pediatric otolaryngology practice was performed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Biphasic stridor suggests subglottic or glottic obstruction. [ 1 ] Epidemiology The detailed epidemiology of stridor depends on the cause, but it is worth noting the following patterns of disease: Stridor is common in younger children with smaller airways [patient.info]

The pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and results of contemporary surgical management are discussed for each diagnosis. Surgical techniques are described and illustrated in detail. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This chapter will present the pathophysiology of airway obstruction, the diagnostic paradigm, and the surgical options for the treatment of tracheal stenosis and tracheomalacia. [mhmedical.com]

Pathophysiologic der stenosen von kehlkopf und trachea. Archiv f r Klinische und Experimentelle Ohren- Nasen- und Kehlkopfheilkunde, Vol. 199, Issue. 1, p. 65. [cambridge.org]

This review will firstly discuss the anatomy and pathophysiology of CTS and outline the various clinical presentations associated with the disorder. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

To prevent symptomatic postoperative tracheomalacia, we have been adding aortopexy to tracheal reconstruction since 2008. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment, therefore, is supportive and aimed at preventing atelectasis, which may require administration of mucolytics to decrease secretions. [emedicine.medscape.com]