Some restriction, however, was still present in upward movement of the globe. [healio.com]

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia usually presents in the newborn period with cyanosis, tachypnea and respiratory failure. Delayed presentation is less common and is associated with a lower mortality rate. [monz.pl]

Lagophthalmos is present if the eyelids do not close completely. The eyelashes are normally directed away from the eye. Entropion is present if the eyelid and lashes are directed inward. [accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com]

However, some children with DRS present only with an abduction deficit,[ 16 ] and adults with DRS who present with sudden diplopia in adulthood could be misdiagnosed as acquired sixth nerve palsy.[ 17 ] A diagnosis of DRS also could be challenging in [journals.plos.org]

Eyelid retraction is considered to be present if, with the eyes in primary position, the sclera is visible above the superior corneal limbus. It is usually acquired but may be present at birth. [aao.org]

• Surgical Procedure

  Subconjunctival injections of botulinum toxin and several surgical procedures have been used to reduce the degree of eyelid retraction in patients with thyroid eye disease. Chang EL, RubinPA. [aao.org]

  Although many studies have evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of various surgical grafts and the outcomes of surgical procedures conducted with these grafts, there have been few reports on surgical methods and outcomes for cases involving retraction [ekjo.org]

  There are many surgical procedures in the management of upper eyelid retraction, and in general, they tend to weaken or lengthen the eyelid retractors [5]. [jcmrp.eg.net]

  After diagnostic procedures a scheduled surgical procedure was performed on the patient. A thoracoscopy revealed displacement of the stomach, the spleen and the part of the small bowel and the large bowel into the thoracic cavity. [monz.pl]

  Complications and indications are summarized in Table 1.50 Table 1 Choice of surgical technique according to the grade of ptosis and levator function Procedures There are several options available with regard to procedures. [dovepress.com]

• Pain

  This first volume covers the visual sensory system, the autonomic nervous system, the ocular motor system, the eyelid, facial pain and headache, and nonorganic disease. Volume 2 covers tumors, the phacomatoses, and vascular disease. [books.google.com]

  Independently from the cause, both may increase evaporation with drying of the ocular surfaces resulting in pain, tearing, and photophobia. The structural integrity of the cornea may also be damaged with possible compromise of the visual function. [karger.com]

  All patients are given prescriptions for pain killers. However, rarely do patients report the need to use them. [thomaseye.com]

  Symptoms can range from none to tearing or severe pain. Patients can develop vision-threatening sequellae, such as a corneal ulcer, and they may have an underlying systemic disorder. [reviewofophthalmology.com]

  The presented case report describes a 9-year-old girl presenting with acute abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting caused by a left-side Bochdalek hernia. After diagnostic procedures a scheduled surgical procedure was performed on the patient. [monz.pl]

• Weakness

  Congenital ptosis • It is associated with congenital weakness (maldevelopment) of the levator palpebrae superioris (LPS). 1. Simple congenital ptosis – not associated with any other anomaly. 2. [slideshare.net]

  Specific signs in congenital ptosis are an absent lid crease, poor levator function, lid lag on downgaze and often associated superior rectus weakness. There was no exopthalmos, lid lag, pretibial myxoedema or other signs of thyrotoxicosis. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Ptosis may be the initial sign of myasthenia, but other extraocular, bulbar or limb weakness usually follow promptly. [neuroophthalmology.ca]

  There was almost no movement of the right eyelid on upgaze, consistent with weak levator function, and minimal movement of the upper lid on downgaze. No evidence of synkinesis was seen on careful examination. [frontiersin.org]

• Inflammation

  This condition has some of the features of congenital orbital fibrosis and is postulated to have been due to an intrauterine infection or inflammation. REFERENCES 1. Duke-Elder S: Congenital Deformities, System of Ophthalmology, vol III, part 2. St. [healio.com]

  Página 66 - Does androgen insufficiency cause lacrimal gland inflammation and aqueous tear deficiency? ‎ Página 159 - Lemp MA. Report of the National Eye Institute/Industry Workshop on Clinical Trials in Dry Eyes. CLAO J 1995; 21:221-232. ‎ [books.google.es]

  Moreover, chronic inflammation or intraocular surgery can lead to the same effect. Also, wearing contact lenses for long periods of time is thought to have a certain impact on the development of this condition. [en.wikipedia.org]

  The causes were inflammation and bacterial infection after endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy or orbital wall reconstruction surgery through subciliary incision. [ekjo.org]

  Inflammation, infection, benign and malignant tumors, and structural problems such as ectropion, entropion and blepharoptosis may occur. [aafp.org]

• Falling

  The term is from Greek πτῶσις "a fall, falling." Causes [ edit ] Neurotoxic ptosis caused by botulinum toxin : a 14-year-old botulism patient with bilateral total ophthalmoplegia with ptosis (left image) and dilated, fixed pupils (right image). [en.wikipedia.org]

  This entity could possibly fall into the category of congenital orbital fibrosis as described by Leone and Weinstein, although two of their four cases had ptosis and all had enophthalmos and involvement of the extraocular muscles. [healio.com]

  DEFINITION • Ptosis (from Greek Ptosis -to "fall") is a drooping or falling of the upper or lower eyelid. 5. CLASSIFICATION OF PTOSIS A. Congenital B. Acquired 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Neurogenic Myogenic Aponeurotic Mechanical Neurotoxic C. Pseudotosis 6. [slideshare.net]

  Duane syndrome falls under the larger heading of strabismus (misalignment of the eyes) under the sub-classification of incomitant strabismus (misalignment of the eyes that varies with gaze directions) and subheading of what was previously termed extraocular [rarediseases.org]

  Ectropion Eyelid falls away or is pulled away from its normal apposition to the globe. [kjophthal.com]

• Dermatitis

  eczematoid dermatitis, or herpes zoster infections [Figure 6]a and [Figure 6]b Paralytic ectropion occurs due to loss of orbicularis tone occurring as a result of paralysis of facial nerve, commonly seen following trauma, Bell's palsy, or following [kjophthal.com]

  Cicatricial ectropion may result from skin shortage and/or scarring, e.g., due to surgery, trauma, sun damage or chronic dermatitis. Congenital ectropion often shares with cicatricial ectropion the common factor of skin shortage. [reviewofophthalmology.com]

  Other cases may respond to topical treatments, such as corticosteroid ointment for atopic dermatitis. Discontinuation of topical drops, such as apraclonidine, may also resolve drug-induced retraction. [medtextfree.wordpress.com]

• Excessive Tearing

  The front surface of the eyeball becomes exposed beyond the eyelids and causes discomfort and excessive tearing; exposure keratopathy. Eyelid surgery is the most common surgery performed on Graves ophthalmopathy patients. [drjohnmartin.com]

• Lacrimation

  The training involves plastic and reconstructive surgery of the periorbital and facial tissues including eyelids & eyebrows, cheeks, orbit, and lacrimal (tear) system. [drimtiazchaudhry.com]

  Página 66 - Does androgen insufficiency cause lacrimal gland inflammation and aqueous tear deficiency? ‎ Página 159 - Lemp MA. Report of the National Eye Institute/Industry Workshop on Clinical Trials in Dry Eyes. CLAO J 1995; 21:221-232. ‎ [books.google.es]

  Lacrimal puncta, through which tears flow into the tear drainage system. FIGURE 1. Lacrimal puncta, through which tears flow into the tear drainage system. [aafp.org]

• Dry Eyes

  It can also help reduce evaporative loss which often leads to dry eye. [edow.com]

  Report of the National Eye Institute/Industry Workshop on Clinical Trials in Dry Eyes. CLAO J 1995; 21:221-232. ‎ [books.google.es]

  Expression of human (3-defensins in conjunctival epithelium: relevance to dry eye disease. // Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003. - Vol. 44(9). - p. 3795-3801. 93. Nowak M., Marek B. et al. [dissercat.com]

  Exposure of the infracorneal bulbar conjunctiva in lower eyelid retraction can cause various complications such as dry eyes, exposure keratitis, and corneal ulcer. [ekjo.org]

  Bilateral blepharospasm is most commonly the result of dry eyes, corneal irritation or benign essential blepharospasm. Brain imaging is not required. Benign essential blepharospasm may be caused by an overexcitatory drive of the basal ganglia. [aafp.org]

• Prolapse

  fat prolapse, sling exposure, granuloma and infection. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  The baby was admitted and managed as follows: application of neomycin and polymyxin eye ointment and padding of the prolapsed conjunctiva with gauze dressings soaked in 5% hypertonic saline once daily. [hindawi.com]

  Etymology [ edit ] Ptosis is derived from the Greek word πτῶσις ("fall"), and is defined as the "abnormal lowering or prolapse of an organ or body part." See also [ edit ] Apraxia of Lid Opening References [ edit ] ^ "Congenital Ptosis". MEDgle. [en.wikipedia.org]

  […] biopsy (01:16) Conjunctival map biopsies (01:22) Conjunctivoplasty for conjunctivochalasis (01:35) Mucous membrane graft for severe atopic (05:06) Biopsy of subconjunctival lymphoma (01:31) Excision of lipodermoid (dermolipoma) (03:07) Resection of prolapsed [webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu]

  The cardiac lesion, may be an atrial septal defect (common), ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus or mitral-valve prolapse, There is no correlation between the severity of the limb defect and the cardiac defect. [oandplibrary.org]

• Blepharitis

  Benign Inflammatory Eyelid Processes Blepharitis One of the most common eyelid problems is blepharitis, or inflammation of the eyelid margin. [aafp.org]

  The causes of the former were congenital (1) and ptosis operation (1), and of the latter were strabismus surgery (1), necrotizing blepharitis (1), blow-out fracture (1), anophthalmic socket contracture (1), cicatricial entropion (1), and lower lid blepharoplasty [scinapse.io]

• Headache

  This first volume covers the visual sensory system, the autonomic nervous system, the ocular motor system, the eyelid, facial pain and headache, and nonorganic disease. Volume 2 covers tumors, the phacomatoses, and vascular disease. [books.google.com]

  – these headaches commonly precede episodes of partial paralysis of one or more ocular nerve (most commonly the third cranial nerve), – drooping of the eyelid, – double vision, – dilation of pupils 19. [slideshare.net]

  They were selected from the patients who underwent brain MR imaging for headache without other neurologic symptoms, including ocular movement abnormality. Institutional review board approval was not required for this study. [ajnr.org]

  Neuro-Ophthalmology 2001; 26(2):103-107. 29: Pseudopapilledema and headache: pseudo-pseudotumor cerebri? Gölge Acaroglu, Yasemin Özdamar, Gamze Men, Seyhan S. [golgeacaroglu.com]

  Transient Hornerfs syndrome can occur in adults (52) and children (53) with either cluster or migraine headache. REFERENCES 1. Meyer D, Stern J, Jarvis J, Lininger L. [neuroophthalmology.ca]

• Burning Sensation

  The most common issues people experience as a result of their eyelid retraction include the following: Exposed sclera above or below the iris Unnaturally round eye appearance Dry eye syndrome Excessive tearing Redness Burning sensation Impaired vision [edow.com]

• Dizziness

  • Edrophonium chloride can cause overactivation of the parasympathetic system, and cause unwanted side effects like fainting, dizziness, involuntary defecation, severe bradycardia, apnea, and even cardiac arrest. [slideshare.net]

Upper lid retraction: its diagnosis and treatment.// Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1978. - Vol. 18. - p. 75-86. 17. Buffman FV, Rootman J. Upper lid retraction: its diagnosis and treatment.// Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1978. - Vol. 18. - p. 75-86. 18. [dissercat.com]

Make informed clinical choices for each patient, from diagnosis and treatment selection through post-treatment strategies and management of complications, with new evidence-based criteria throughout. [books.google.com]

The format includes the CPT codes for billing purposes, short description of the condition, etiology/incidence, course/prognosis, laboratory findings, differential diagnosis; prophylaxis, treatment (local and systemic, surgical or other), miscellaneous [books.google.com]

The format includes the CPT codes for billing purposes, short description of the condition, etiology/incidence, course/prognosis, laboratory findings, differential diagnosis; prophylaxis, treatment (local and systemic, surgical or other), miscellaneous [books.google.com]

Thyroid ophthalmopathy has been shown to be among the most common etiologies of eyelid retraction in adults and children.[2] It may be unilateral or bilateral and may occur in the setting of elevated thyroid function tests or euthyroidism. [medscape.com]

The etiology may be involutional, cicatricial, spastic or, rarely, congenital. [reviewofophthalmology.com]

There is an increasing number of literature reports on synchronous occurrence of gastrointestinal stromal tumors and another malignancy of distinct etiology and evolution. [content.sciendo.com]

Etiology Congenital Congenital ptosis is usually unilateral and does not progress. It is associated with absence or diminution of the levator palpebrae superiors muscle. Other ophthalmologic findings may include amblyopia and strabismus. [pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]

Medicine (274) Microbiology (239) Genetics (206) Neurology (171) Surgery, Traumatology and Orthopaedics (150) Histology, Embryology (148) Immunology, Allergology (127) Gastroenterology and Hepatology (120) Cardiology, Angiology (114) Biophysics (113) Epidemiology [portal.mefanet.cz]

[…] induced ptosis) [2] Partial deficiency of adduction [4] Oblique movement with attempts at adduction [4] Upshoot or downshoot of globe with adduction (Leash Phenomenon) [2] Widening of palpebral aperture with abduction [2] Deficiency of convergence [4] Epidemiology [eyewiki.aao.org]

Differences in epidemiological and clinical characteristics between various types of Duane retraction syndrome in 331 patients. J AAPOS. 2008;12(6):576–80. PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 13. Huber A. Electrophysiology of the retraction syndrome. [link.springer.com]

Epidemiology and prevention of Graves' ophthalmopathy. // Thyroid. 2002. - Vol. 12(10). - p. 855-60. [dissercat.com]

Limb reduction defects in Emilia Romagna, Italy: epidemiological and genetic study in 173,109 consecutive births. J. Med. Genet., 27, 353-357. Donnai, D., Hughes, H. E., Winter, R. M. (1987). Postaxial acrofacial dysostosis (Miller) syndrome. J. [oandplibrary.org]

Paediatrics, Neonatology (386) Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry (335) Internal Medicine (332) Physiology and Pathophysiology (306) Infectology (299) Pathology and Forensic Medicine (274) Microbiology (239) Genetics (206) Neurology (171) Surgery, Traumatology [portal.mefanet.cz]

As DRS type 3 partly share the same pathophysiology with type 1 and 2 DRS, the classification of DRS may have to be revised according to MRI findings. [journals.plos.org]

[…] additional skin (flap or graft), release any vertical scar bands, horizontally tighten eyelid Paralytic Horizontally tighten eyelid, possibly reinforced by periosteal flap or fascial sling; palpebral spring Entropion Congenital Depends upon specific pathophysiologic [reviewofophthalmology.com]

[…] manner with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity [2] General Pathology Duane Retraction Syndrome results from an absent or dysplastic abducens motor neurons with aberrant innervations of the lateral rectus muscle by the oculomotor nerve. [7] Pathophysiology [eyewiki.aao.org]

Blepharochalasis syndrome: a proposed pathophysiologic mechanism. Can J Ophthalmol. 1992;27:10-5. 50. Koursh DM, Modjtahedi SP, Selva D, Leibovitch I. The blepharochalasis syndrome. Surv Ophthalmol. 2009 Mar-Apr;54(2):235-44. 51. Sieb J, Hartmann A. [neuroophthalmology.ca]

Microbiology (239) Genetics (206) Neurology (171) Surgery, Traumatology and Orthopaedics (150) Histology, Embryology (148) Immunology, Allergology (127) Gastroenterology and Hepatology (120) Cardiology, Angiology (114) Biophysics (113) Epidemiology, Preventive [portal.mefanet.cz]

The clinical features and management are discussed in the hope that recognition of this clinical entity will prevent unnecessary investigation. Full text Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Wies procedure Transverse eyelid split + everting sutures – eyelid is split transversely to create fibrous tissue scar barrier which prevents the upward movement of preseptal muscle. [kjophthal.com]

Epidemiology and prevention of Graves' ophthalmopathy. // Thyroid. 2002. - Vol. 12(10). - p. 855-60. [dissercat.com]

The fissure on that side was 4 millimeters larger and lagophthalmos was present At the time of levator recession surgery, the muscle was found to have a restriction at the medial and lateral horns preventing downward excursion. [healio.com]