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Congenitally Uncorrected Transposition of the Great Arteries
Congenitally Uncorrected Transposition of the Great Arteries with Coarctation

Images

WIKIDATA, CC0 1.0
WIKIDATA, CC BY 3.0
WIKIDATA, Attribution
WIKIDATA, Attribution
WIKIDATA, Attribution
WIKIDATA, Attribution
WIKIDATA, Attribution

Presentation

Stenosis of valves or vessels may also be present. When no other heart defects are present it is called 'simple' d-TGA; when other defects are present it is called 'complex' d-TGA. [en.wikipedia.org]

If the anomaly is complicated by right ventricular or tricuspid valve dysfunction, patients can present with exertional dyspnea and easy fatigability. [radiopaedia.org]

If no obstructive lesions are present and there is a large VSD, cyanosis may go undetected and only be perceived during episodes of crying or agitation. In these cases, signs of congestive heart failure prevail. [orpha.net]

Consequently, more adult CHD patients are presenting for elective, noncardiac surgery. [oatext.com]

Workup

X-Ray

  • Pericardial Effusion

    Factors that may indicate a poor prognosis include age at presentation greater than 45 years, NYHA functional class III or IV, failure to improve to a lower NYHA functional class during treatment, pericardial effusion, large right atrial size, elevated [textbookofcardiology.org]

Treatment

Management and treatment Palliative treatment with prostaglandin E1 and balloon atrial septostomy are usually required soon after birth. Surgical correction is performed at a later stage. [orpha.net]

Daubeney, offers essential guidance on the anatomical issues, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options available to practitioners today. [books.google.de]

Prepare for clinical challenges and save time in addressing them thanks to expert advice on treatment options from international contributors. [books.google.com]

However, many cases of simple l-TGA are "accidentally" diagnosed in adulthood, during diagnosis or treatment of other conditions. [en.wikipedia.org]

Primary brain abscess treatment is to reduce the mass effect and eliminate germs. Management of brain abscess therapy can be divided into surgical and conservative treatment. [kink.onesearch.id]

Prognosis

Broadly speaking, prognosis in congenital heart lesions can be grouped into those lesions with a good outcome (normal or near normal prognosis), those with an intermediate outcome (residual haemodynamic abnormalities and therefore a more guarded prognosis [academic.oup.com]

Prognosis With the advent of newer and improved surgical techniques and improved post-operative intensive care, the long-term survival is approximately 90% at 15 years of age. [orpha.net]

Treatment [ edit ] Simple l-TGA has a very good prognosis, with many individuals being asymptomatic and not requiring surgical correction. [en.wikipedia.org]

CN VIII deafness Syphilis TORCHeS: Hydrops fetalis Parvovirus B19 (or syphilis) Continuous "machine-like" murmur Patent ductus arteriosus #1 heart defect and cause VSD - caused by fetal alcohol syndrome Tetralogy of Fallot defects Pulmonary stenosis (prognosis [studystack.com]

Treatment and prognosis Early surgical treatment was aimed only at repairing the associated anomalies (i.e. VSD, pulmonary stenosis or atresia and tricuspid valve abnormalities). [radiopaedia.org]

Etiology

Etiology The exact etiology remains unknown. Some associated risk factors (gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal exposure to rodenticides and herbicides, and maternal use of antiepileptic drugs) have been proposed. [orpha.net]

Etiology The etiology for transposition of the great arteries is unknown and is presumed to be multifactorial. [emedicine.com]

Furthermore, it adds support to the concept that progressive stenosis of a bicuspid aortic valve is frequently the etiology of isolated aortic stenosis in adults. [profiles.stanford.edu]

The exact etiology of these episodes is unclear, although there have been a number of proposed mechanisms, including increased infundibular contractility, peripheral vasodilatation, hyperventilation, and stimulation of right ventricular mechanoreceptors [textbookofcardiology.org]

Epidemiology

[…] of the great vessels Classification (Orphanet): - Rare developmental defect during embryogenesis - Rare genetic disease - Rare surgical cardiac disease Classification (ICD10): - Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities - Epidemiological [csbg.cnb.csic.es]

Patient Population: Prevalence and Epidemiology Knee // Shoulder & Elbow // Hip // Spine // Foot & Ankle // Hand & Wrist Fragility Fractures: Diagnosis and Treatment Shoulder & Elbow The Characteristics of Surgeons Performing Total Shoulder Arthroplasty [mdedge.com]

Summary Epidemiology The incidence is estimated at 1 in 3,500-5,000 live births, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.5 to 3.2:1. Clinical description In 50% of cases, the VA discordance is an isolated finding. [orpha.net]

Relevant External Links for GDF1 Genetic Association Database (GAD) GDF1 Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator GDF1 Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology: GDF1 No data available for Genatlas for GDF1 Gene Expression of growth [genecards.org]

Ferencz C, Rubin JD, Loffredo CA, Epidemiology of Congenital Heart Disease: The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study, 1981–1989. Mount Kisco, NY: Futura Publishing Company; 1993. 3. Warnes CA. Transposition of great arteries. [jpgo.org]

Pathophysiology

Pathophysiology in Dextro-TGA in extra-uterine life - In normal cardiac anatomy, the aorta is positioned posterior and to the right of the main pulmonary artery. Aorta being positioned anterior and slightly rightward of the pulmonary artery. [wikidoc.org]

Management of anesthesia in these patients is a combination of understanding neuroanesthesia techniques and pathophysiologic TOF. [kink.onesearch.id]

Pathophysiology The exact pathophysiology depends on the location and severity of the defect. [textbookofcardiology.org]

Society for Cardiovascular Pathology Symposium 2009; Anatomical and pathophysiological classification of congenital heart disease. Cardiovascular Pathology, 2010; 19: 259–274. 16. [crcd.eu]

Preoperatively, an understanding of the patient’s underlying pathophysiology, coupled with knowledge of the effects of anesthesia on the anomalous myocardium, is crucial. [medcraveonline.com]

Prevention

Antibiotics may be administered preventatively. [en.wikipedia.org]

European Heart Journal, 18, 1210–1219 PubMed CAS Google Scholar Pulmonary Embolism Prevention (PEP) Trial Collaborative Group (2000) Prevention of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis with low dose aspirin: the Pulmonary Embolism Prevention (PEP [link.springer.com]

Reference Parker SE, Mai CT, Canfield MA, et al. for the National Birth Defects Prevention Network. Updated national birth prevalence estimates for selected birth defects in the United States, 2004-2006. [cdc.gov]

Anesthesia and Analgesia 78: 1190-1192. [ Crossref ] Clemmeson L, Knudsen L (2013) Ultrasound guidance during placement of central venous catheter can prevent arrhythmias. [oatext.com]

We used titrated doses of epidural lignocaine 2% to prevent precipitous hypotension and did not require vasopressors in the intraoperative period. [aeronline.org]

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