Five patients in this study presented with epiphora. In all five patients, CChs were located at the nasal side, and all patients had open lacrimal passage. [dovepress.com]

Bilateral presentation is most common, but it may also be asymmetrical and even unilateral. [reviewofophthalmology.com]

Pearls and Other Issues To look for the LIPCOF and examine the fornices in all patients presenting with ocular irritation or epiphora. Fornix reconstruction is the key to surgical success. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Localized Pain

  pain, foreign body sensation, subconjunctival hemorrhage and ulceration. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Symptoms often include mild irritation, foreign body sensation, localized pain, tearing, blurred vision, burning, mucus discharge and nocturnal lagophthalmos. [reviewofophthalmology.com]

• Chemosis

  In mild to moderate cases, topical drops can tackle chemosis and inflammation. As mentioned previously, the presence of CCh exhibits a strong positive predictive value in the diagnosis of KCS. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  After the procedure, patients may experience mild irritation, foreign body sensation, hyperemia, chemosis and subconjunctival hemorrhage—all of which are self-limited. [reviewofophthalmology.com]

• Conjunctival Injection

  injection from inflammation and lagophthalmos. [reviewofophthalmology.com]

• Suggestibility

  Pathogenesis The exact mechanism for conjunctivochalasis development isn’t known, but the literature suggests that it’s multifactorial.5,6 One thing we do know is that this condition is associated with pterygia and pingueculae. [reviewofophthalmology.com]

  Initially, a senile process related to conjunctival laxity was suggested in the 19th century. [dovepress.com]

  […] impaired lymphatic flow, resulting in lymphatic dilation and clinically redundant conjunctiva. [3] Even though there is little to no histopathologic evidence to support inflammation as a major contributor to conjunctivochalasis, mechanistic evidence suggests [eyewiki.aao.org]

  It is not clear whether there are inflammatory cells in the conjunctival folds.[16][17] The contradictory findings and absence of statistical difference in histopathological studies may suggest that the pathology of CCh may not lie in the conjunctival [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Asymptomatic patients don’t require treatment. For symptomatic patients, conservative treatment is initially targeted at lubrication of the ocular surface. [reviewofophthalmology.com]

Treatment[edit] Mild Conjunctivochalasis can be asymptomatic and in such cases does not require treatment. [en.wikipedia.org]

no treatment is necessary. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

No treatment is needed if the patient is asymptomatic. Medical therapy Mild symptoms can be addressed with topical lubrication, blinking exercises, topical antihistamines, and topical corticosteroids. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Novel use of fibrin glue in the treatment of conjunctivochalasis. Cornea. 2008;27:950–952. [dovepress.com]

Prognosis Prognosis is good with proper diagnosis and treatment. References ↑ Marmalidou A, Kheirkhah A, Dana R. Conjunctivochalasis: a systematic review. Surv Ophthalmol 2018;63:554-564. ↑ Chan DG, Francis IC, Filipic M, Coroneo MT, Yong J. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Prognosis CCh typically has a good prognosis with the correct treatment. Diagnosis is, however, often missed or delayed. Surgical management may be needed in symptomatic patients who do not respond to initial medical treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Disease Entity Conjunctivochalasis (CCH) Disease Conjunctivochalasis Etiology Etiology is uncertain but is likely associated with age or eye rubbing (i.e. allergic conjunctivitis). [eyewiki.aao.org]

[…] of CCh have been published,2–4 but the exact etiology is still not well understood. [dovepress.com]

CCh can cause a spectrum of symptoms, ranging from mild discomfort in the mild stages to tear outflow obstruction in the moderate stages and exposure keratopathy with subsequent visual loss in the severe stages.[1] Etiology The etiology of CCh has not [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology CCh generally affects the older population and is therefore often regarded as a senile change. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Assessing the severity of conjunctivochalasis in a senile population: a community-based epidemiology study in Shanghai, China. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:198. 30. Mimura T, Yamagami S, Usui T, et al. [dovepress.com]

The currently recognised pathophysiology is associated with mechanical friction, tear film instability… References SHOWING 1-10 OF 54 REFERENCES [semanticscholar.org]

Ocular inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of CCh. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

"Conjunctivochalasis: literature review and possible pathophysiology". Survey of Ophthalmology. 43 (3): 225–32. doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(98)00037-x. PMID 9862310. ^ Bosniak, Stephen L. (1988). [en.wikipedia.org]

Risk Factors Risk factors for CCH include age, eye rubbing, ocular surface disease, allergic conjunctivitis, dry eye, contact lens wear, hyperopia, pinguecula, UV exposure, eyelid disorders, and thyroid disease. [1] General Pathology Pathophysiology The [eyewiki.aao.org]

Conjunctivochalasis: Literature review and possible pathophysiology. Survey of Ophthalmology 1998;43:3:225-232. 6. Marmalidou A, Kheirkhah A, Dana R. Conjunctivochalasis: A systematic review. Survey of Ophthalmology 2018;3:554-564. 7. [reviewofophthalmology.com]

Primary prevention Patients may avoid eye rubbing and UV exposure and can treat any underlying ocular surface issues. CCH occurs largely secondary to age, however, so preventative strategies are limited. [eyewiki.aao.org]

PRIMA DELL’INTERVENTO DI CHIRURGIA REFRATTIVA - LASER 100,00€ VISITE PER LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO E PER LA PATENTE DI GUIDA 75,00€ PRESCRIZONE DELLE LENTI A CONTATTO MORBIDE 60,00€ PRESCRIZONE DELLE LENTI A CONTATTO SEMIRIGID 75,00€ VISITE OCULISTICHE PREVENTIVE [hawlina.eu]