Brunaud presents the indications of robotic assistance for transperitoneal adrenalectomy. [websurg.com]

The most common presentation of adrenocortical carcinoma is that of an incidentaloma. At presentation, 19% have inferior vena cava (IVC) involvement and 32% have metastases. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Clinical presentation and evaluation of adrenocortical tumors. UpToDate. Jul 28, 2014; Andre Lacroix. Adrenocortical Adenomas. UpToDate. [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

The documents contained in this web site are presented for information purposes only. The material is in no way intended to replace professional medical care by a qualified specialist and should not be used as a basis for diagnosis or treatment. [orpha.net]

Cited by Progress in primary aldosteronism: present challenges and perspectives. Gomez-Sanchez CE, Rossi GP, Fallo F, Mannelli M. Gomez-Sanchez CE, et al. Horm Metab Res. 2010 Jun;42(6):374-81. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1243619. Epub 2010 Jan 20. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fatigue

  Common symptoms of Cushing's syndrome can include upper body obesity; severe fatigue and muscle weakness; high blood pressure ; backache; high blood sugar; easy bruising; and bluish-red stretch marks on the skin. [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

  The hypokalemia (low potassium level) can cause symptoms like fatigue, numbness, increased urination, increased thirst, muscle cramps, and muscle weakness. [columbiasurgery.org]

  Non-specific, fatigue and generalized weakness are frequent complaints. Finally, neuropsychiatric symptoms have been reported, with depression and lethargy being the most common. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

  Cushing syndrome The clinical presentation of Cushing syndrome is hypertension, moon facies, abdominal striae, buffalo hump, muscle weakness, amenorrhea, decreased libido, osteoporosis, fatigue, hirsutism, and obesity. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Headache

  You may get too much epinephrine or norepinephrine in your blood, which can cause high blood pressure, headaches, and heart problems. Treatment If you have a nonfunctioning tumor, you probably won’t need any treatment. [webmd.com]

  The hypertension may cause headaches, blurred vision, and dizziness. While patients with hyperaldosteronism may have normal potassium levels, many patients may have low potassium levels. [columbiasurgery.org]

  Pathophysiology Neoplastic proliferation of adrenal cortical cells ↑Aldosterone → impacts distal tubules & collecting ducts of nephron → ↑sodium and water retention, ↓potassium retention → ↑blood pressure Clinical features Hypertension, proximal muscle weakness, headache [pathologyoutlines.com]

  Symptoms of this condition may include high blood pressure, fatigue, headache, muscle weakness, numbness and paralysis that comes and goes. [5] Benign cortisol-secreting adenomas can also produce small amounts of androgens (steroid hormones, such as testosterone [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

The workup of adrenal disorders requiring surgical intervention has undergone a revolution with the tremendous advances in hormonal research, as well as in radiographic techniques and localization. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The treatment for hyperaldosteronism depends on the underlying cause. In patients with a single benign tumor ( adenoma ), surgical removal ( adrenalectomy ) is curative. [columbiasurgery.org]

Nonfunctional adrenal adenomas typically do not cause any problems and rarely require treatment. [7] Last updated: 11/26/2014 Research helps us better understand diseases and can lead to advances in diagnosis and treatment. [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

Minireview: Primary Aldosteronism—Changing Concepts in Diagnosis and Treatment. [labtestsonline.it]

The material is in no way intended to replace professional medical care by a qualified specialist and should not be used as a basis for diagnosis or treatment. [orpha.net]

The preferred surgical treatment for PH due to an adenoma is laparoscopic total adrenalectomy. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

Treatment and prognosis Small adrenal masses with manifestations of hormonal excess require resection, as do large (>3-5 cm) non-functioning adrenal mass lesions, as they are considered potentially malignant (see adrenal carcinoma ). [radiopaedia.org]

However, with appropriate treatment, this disease is treatable and has an excellent prognosis. Patients with difficult to control or long-standing hypertension should be screened for primary hyperaldosteronism. [columbiasurgery.org]

Prognosis and Patient Counseling Cushing's syndrome Patients with Cushing’s syndrome from a benign adrenal adenoma experience a 5-year survival rate of 95% and a 10-year survival rate of 90% after definitive adrenalectomy. Recurrence is rare. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

Adrenocortical carcinoma Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare disease with a poor prognosis. Up to 80% of adrenal carcinomas are functional and secrete multiple hormones. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Etiology Primary hyperaldosteronism The most common causes of aldosterone overproduction are idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia, followed by adenomas, and then (rarely) adrenal carcinoma. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] cortex, usually without discrete nodules Nodular adrenal hyperplasia (NAH): adrenal cortex contains multiple nodules with / without generalized thickening Various cutoffs exist for macro versus micronodular hyperplasia (range 0.5 - 3.0 cm in diameter) Epidemiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Epidemiology Frequency In the United States, tumors of the adrenal cortex are reported in 2% of all autopsies, with the most common lesion being a benign adenoma. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Adrenocortical carcinoma See Adrenocortical carcinoma in Pathophysiology. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] micronodular hyperplasia (range 0.5 - 3.0 cm in diameter) Epidemiology F > M, ages third to fifth decade Sites Unknown, theoretically zona glomerulosa, however cells may resemble any of the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex or a mixture of these cell types Pathophysiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Sometimes, instead of surgery, you may be able to get medicine that prevents hormones from working or lowers their levels so you won’t have any symptoms. [webmd.com]

Appropriate Prophylaxis and Other Measures to Prevent Readmission NA VII. What's the evidence? Arnaldi, G, Angeli, A, Atkinson, AB. “Diagnosis and complications of Cushing's syndrome: A consensus statement”. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]