We present the case a pair of monozygotic identical twins presenting near simultaneously with coronary artery disease and identical atherosclerotic lesions despite significant differences in environmental risk factors and being divided geographically [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fatigue

  The most common signs and symptoms of heart failure are shortness of breath or trouble breathing; fatigue; and swelling in the ankles, feet, legs, stomach, and veins in the neck. All of these symptoms are the result of fluid buildup in your body. [web.archive.org]

  Women are more likely to experience non-traditional symptoms such as: vague chest discomfort fatigue sleep difficulties indigestion anxiety If left untreated, CAD can lead to other serious problems such as heart attack, stroke or even death. [heartandstroke.ca]

  Other symptoms include shortness of breath and fatigue with activity (exertion). [nlm.nih.gov]

• Plethora

  Elevated GGT activity level is associated with a plethora of cardio-metabolic risk factors, including traditional cardiovascular risk factors, metabolic syndrome, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress burden and various comorbidities that incur a negative [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Absent Deep Tendon Reflexes

  Clinical neurologic investigation, revealing bilateral ptosis, madarosis, absent eyelashes, bilateral hypacusis, sore neck muscles, generally absent deep tendon reflexes, weakness for foot extension, and ataxic stance, and recurrently elevated creatine-kinase [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Other tests that may be useful include the following: ECG (including exercise with ECG monitoring and ambulatory ECG monitoring) Selective coronary angiography (the definitive diagnostic test for evaluating the anatomic extent and severity of CAD) See Workup [emedicine.com]

[…] imaging Cardiac computed tomography with CT angiography Electron beam CT scanning (for calculation of coronary artery calcium score) Optical coherence tomography imaging Magnetic resonance imaging Positron emission tomography Coronary angiography See Workup [emedicine.medscape.com]

The studies had evaluated 2024 patients who received psychosocial treatment vs 1156 control subjects. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Results: The studies had evaluated 2024 patients who received psychosocial treatment vs 1156 control subjects. [doi.org]

It is suggested that this clinical picture has a grave prognosis, demanding urgent therapeutic measures. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

If the patient has had a myocardial infarction or has heart failure, beta blockers also improve the prognosis. The patient may also be given ACE inhibitors or AT inhibitors if he or she suffers from heart failure. [sydansairaala.fi]

Angina due to microvascular coronary dysfunction (MCD) is an etiologic mechanism in women with vascular dysfunction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Another explanation for the reduced effect in stroke may be attributable to the more heterogenic etiology of stroke as opposed to coronary artery disease. [doi.org]

Etiologic factors include a genetic susceptibility, because 15% to 20% of patients have a family history of the disorder. AAA is much more common in men than women (2 to 5 times) and more common in white than in black populations. [dx.doi.org]

However, autonomic dysfunction (especially in patients with diabetes), a higher pain threshold in some individuals, and the production of excessive quantities of endorphins are among the more popular hypotheses. [11] Etiology Causes of angina pectoris [emedicine.com]

Epidemiology Group, Genetics Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study Investigators. [doi.org]

However, it remains unknown whether GGT plays a direct role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and CHD or is merely a correlate of coexisting cardiovascular risk factors. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Reference Corrigendum SCAD Published in 2013 Reference Published in 2013 Reference Published in 2013 Reference ANGINA Published in 2013 Reference Web Addenda Table of contents: Full Text (ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines) Preamble Introduction Definition & pathophysiology [escardio.org]

Secondary prevention of CHD was compared between depression and non-depression groups. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Follow your provider's directions closely to help prevent CHD from getting worse. [nlm.nih.gov]

They help prevent the digestive tract from absorbing cholesterol. [web.archive.org]