Presentation
2003 - present Yellow Fever 1930 - present [diseases.canada.ca]
A personal presentation format simulates the clinical experience of asking advice of a trusted colleague. Algorithms and patient resource information complement each chapter. Succinct therapeutic chapters are ideal study tools for the exams. [books.google.de]
They are present all over the world, and spread by fecal-oral route. About 90% of infections don't cause symptoms or present with a fever only. Infants and young kids are particularly susceptible to symptomatic coxsackie. [webmd.com]
Snapshot A 16-year-old boy presents to the emergency room for chest pain and shortness of breath. He has no history of congenital heart disease. He recently attended a month-long camp with other teenagers, several of whom had viral illnesses. [medbullets.com]
Patients present with fever and sharp, paroxysmal, spasmodic pain in the chest and upper abdomen. All patients recover completely within 1 week. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Entire Body System
- Malaise
Between the two extremes, most patients report dyspnea, chest pain, fever, and malaise. Symptoms may be preceded by an upper respiratory infection within the preceding 7-14 days. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Malaise 6. Drowsiness 7. Sore throat 8. Myalgia 9. Nausea 10. Vomiting There may also be (but not commonly): 11. Photophobia 12. Tinnitus (noise in the ears) 13. Vertigo 14. Chest and abdominal pain 15. [atsu.edu]
Steps for of diagnosis of hand, foot and mouth disease Steps for diagnosis include (1-6): Clinical history of fever, sore throat, malaise, headache and general feeling of unwell is commonly seen. [news-medical.net]
Other HFMD symptoms include the following: Fever Reduced appetite Sore throat Malaise The symptoms generally appear in stages and the incubation period is usually 3 to 6 days. 2 The most common complication is dehydration. [pharmacytimes.com]
- Anorexia
Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver and can cause fever, anorexia, malaise, jaundice, nausea, vomiting, and weakness. [belmarrahealth.com]
These infants often present with only a febrile illness characterized by irritability and anorexia. Meningismus occurs in only approximately 50% of infants with enteroviral meningitis. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Most common conditions requiring hospitalization are: Hand-foot-and-mouth disease: characterized by fever and vesicles on the mouth and extremities, sore throat, fever, and anorexia Footnote 5. [canada.ca]
The virus causes initially fever, anorexia, sore throat and cough. [juniperpublishers.com]
Respiratoric
- Pleuritic Pain
Pain on inspiration is similar to pleuritic pain and pulmonary embolism may be suspected. The muscles are locally tender. Fever, headache or nonspecific abdominal pain - either as prodromal symptoms or with the onset of chest pain. [patient.info]
Gastrointestinal
- Loss of Appetite
The initial symptoms include fever, loss of appetite, and sore throat, followed by small blisters in the mouth and a red skin rash commonly found on the palms and soles. [uspharmacist.com]
General symptoms of aseptic meningitis in children and adults include: fever chills stomachache painful headache body aches sensitivity to light, or photophobia loss of appetite vomiting fatigue Infants and toddlers may show the following symptoms: fever [healthline.com]
Mild pyrexia, headache, sore throat, dysphagia, loss of appetite and sometimes vomiting and abdominal pain occur. [patient.info]
Jaw & Teeth
- Oral Ulcers
Subtypes A 6 and 10 can also cause it but it can result from infection with other group A or B viruses. [ 3, 4 ] Usually a mild illness with a prodromal phase, followed by tender oral ulcerative lesions and then usually maculopapular lesions on the hands [patient.info]
Patients who were infected by CA4 usually had oral ulcers (80.6%), which is a typical symptom of herpangina, and decreased oral intake (86.4%). Respiratory symptoms were less common in CB3 group. [journals.plos.org]
- Sore Mouth
Fever and sore throat are the initial symptoms, followed by sores in the mouth and throat about 48 hours later. Finally, a rash appears after another 48 hours. [uspharmacist.com]
Skin
- Blister
After one to two days a blister-like rash develops on the hands, feet, and in the mouth. [emedicinehealth.com]
A physical examination reveals two major features – the characteristic blisters and vesicles on the hands, feet, buttocks, genitals and diaper area and mouth ulcers. [news-medical.net]
Usually a doctor will diagnose an enterovirus infection by getting a history of the patient's symptoms and performing a physical, paying particular attention to any rash or blisters. [humanillnesses.com]
The initial symptoms include fever, loss of appetite, and sore throat, followed by small blisters in the mouth and a red skin rash commonly found on the palms and soles. [uspharmacist.com]
Children will get painful blisters in their mouth, and small tender lesions on the palms of their hands and bottom of their feet. It goes away on its own, but can cause complications if the child can't drink or eat cause of pain. [webmd.com]
- Ulcer
Mouthwashes and sprays that contain topical anesthetics help relieve mouth ulcer pain, making it easier to eat and drink. [uspharmacist.com]
[…] in oral mucosa Herpangina ulcers and vesicles in oral mucosa Myocarditis heart failure chest pain arrhythmias tachycardia out of proportion to fever Pericarditis sharp pleuritic chest pain relieved by sitting up and forward friction rub on exam Studies [medbullets.com]
There is an erythematous halo, which progresses to a shallow ulcer. It is caused mainly by CA16 but can involve other Coxsackievirus A serotypes and occasionally Coxsackievirus B (serotypes 1-5 ). It resolves uneventfully in 5-10 days. [patient.info]
A physical examination reveals two major features – the characteristic blisters and vesicles on the hands, feet, buttocks, genitals and diaper area and mouth ulcers. [news-medical.net]
Herpangina, an infection of the throat, causes red-ringed blisters and ulcers on the tonsils and soft palate, the fleshy back portion of the roof of the mouth. [kidshealth.org]
Musculoskeletal
- Back Pain
[…] infant's head) Noticeably different temperament A purple-red splotchy rash In children older than one year: Neck and/or back pain Headache Sleepiness Confusion Irritability Fever Refusing to eat Decreased level of consciousness Seizures Photophobia [stanfordchildrens.org]
The symptoms associated with these complications include high fever, headache, legarthy, irritability, stiff neck, and back pain. If your child has any of these additional symptoms, you should seek medical attention. What Causes Coxsackievirus vs. [emedicinehealth.com]
Neurologic
- Meningism
Other specified viral meningitis 047.9 - Unspecified viral meningitis [emedcodes.com]
In comparison it may be mentioned that mumps with meningitis reached its peak in the spring, when also a couple of cases were found of aseptic meningitis without mumps but with positive complement fixation. [link.springer.com]
[Article in Russian] PMID: 7518170 [The clinical diagnosis and treatment of meningitis caused by Coxsackie B viruses] [Article in Russian] L S Bondarev et al. Lik Sprava. 1993 Oct-Dec. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
An outbreak of aseptic meningitis associated with Coxsackie B5 and A9 viruses in Northern Japan, 1961. [cambridge.org]
- Headache
When the conjunctiva of the eye become inflamed, symptoms including pain and swelling of the eye, red eye, and headache may occur. Hepatitis. [belmarrahealth.com]
Diagnosis and Treatment Meningitis is initially diagnosed based on the symptoms, specifically the headache and stiff neck symptoms. [innerbody.com]
A twenty-two-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital in Honolulu, Hawaii, at term with chills, fever and severe frontal headache. Nasal congestion and a nonproductive cough had. .. [nejm.org]
Aseptic meningitis Patients with aseptic meningitis may have rapid or gradual onset of fever and chills, nausea and vomiting, malaise, headaches, neck pain, light sensitivity, and upper respiratory symptoms. [emedicine.medscape.com]
- Confusion
It is often confused with foot-and-mouth disease (also known as hoof-and-mouth disease), which affects cattle, sheep, and swine. Pharmacists can play an important role in counseling patients on symptoms and prevention strategies. [pharmacytimes.com]
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS : Viral meningitis may be confused with: 1. Bacterial meningitis 2. Brucellosis 3. Listeriosis 4. Leptospirosis 5. Tuberculosis 6. Syphilis 7. Lymphogranuloma venereum 8. Typhus 9. Mycoplasmal pneumonia 10. Malignancy 11. [atsu.edu]
If there is confusion about the exact diagnosis, an infectious-disease specialist may be consulted. A cardiologist or intensive-care specialist may be needed for the management of severe complications. [emedicinehealth.com]
Others, such as headache and confusion, are hard to decipher in a baby. Your baby might also be crying constantly and have a bulging fontanel (soft spot on his head). [babycenter.com]
However other symptoms may be confusing and often appear similar. Herpes infections. This could be herpes simplex infections or a recurrence of chicken pox lesions called Herpes zoster. [news-medical.net]
- Neck Stiffness
Clinical examination revealed neck stiffness and positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs. The remaining examination was noncontributory. [journals.lww.com]
As the inflammation worsens, headache and neck stiffness develop. Some people do not experience any symptoms. Symptoms in babies: High fever Irritability Sleepiness Poor appetite Bulge on the soft spot on the head ( fontanel ) Stiff neck or body. [innerbody.com]
[…] and/or back pain Headache Sleepiness Confusion Irritability Fever Refusing to eat Decreased level of consciousness Seizures Photophobia (sensitivity to light) Nausea and vomiting Neck stiffness A purple-red splotchy rash The symptoms of meningitis may [stanfordchildrens.org]
Workup
Polymerase chain reaction is a rapid and sensitive diagnostic test for the identification of enteroviruses in cerebrospinal fluid, blood, urine, and throat specimens and should be performed as part of the general workup in the evaluation of a febrile [nursingcenter.com]
Treatment
This edition adds new general treatment categories, including plasmaphoresis, corticosteroid treatment, and IV IgG. A CD-ROM containing the complete previous edition enables you to access additional opinions. [books.google.de]
Treatment with ceftriaxone 100 mg/kg once a day was initiated. [journals.lww.com]
In addition, treatment with pleconaril may have affected the severity of the encephalitis. [nursingcenter.com]
[Article in Russian] PMID: 7518170 [The clinical diagnosis and treatment of meningitis caused by Coxsackie B viruses] [Article in Russian] L S Bondarev et al. Lik Sprava. 1993 Oct-Dec. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
This article reviews the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and differential diagnoses of enteroviral infections, specifically focusing on the prevention, treatment, and prognosis of the disease and the implications for clinical practice. [nursingcenter.com]
The prognosis of HFMD is excellent, with the vast majority resolving spontaneously in 5-10 days. [patient.info]
Cat-scratch disease PROGNOSIS : Full recovery with no sequelae THERAPY : Bed rest, analgesic drugs, repletion and conservation of fluids and electrolytes. [atsu.edu]
[…] common in children demographics more common in children risk factors exposure to others with the virus daycare centers poor hygiene finger sucking Pathogenesis once infected, the virus will travel to the lymph nodes and incubate, causing a prodrome Prognosis [medbullets.com]
The mortality rate is low, and the prognosis in children is believed to be better than that in adults. Complications include pericardial effusion, arrhythmia, heart block, valvular dysfunction, and dilated cardiomyopathy. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Etiology
When difficulties arise, it is pertinent to consider a viral etiology for the underlying illness and obtain a detailed maternal and infant history focusing on clinical symptoms, seasonality, geographic location, exposure, and incubation period. [nursingcenter.com]
Fed Proc. 1950 Sep; 9 (3):581–584. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] WELLER TH, ENDERS JF, BUCKINGHAM M, FINN JJ., Jr The etiology of epidemic pleurodynia: a study of two viruses isolated from a typical outbreak. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
In 183 short chapters, the book provides the essentials clinicians need on symptoms/signs, diagnostic tests, and neurologic disorders of all etiologies. For this edition, Timothy A. [books.google.de]
[…] of myocarditis in infants, thought to be due to Coxsackie virus, were described from Southern Rhodesia 1 and Transvaal. 2 More recently, they have been reported in Holland 3 and the United States. 4 There was doubt that Coxsackie virus could be the etiologic [nejm.org]
Occurs in both outbreak and sporadic forms Etiology and Pathophysiology In immunocompetent hosts, VM is generally caused by a systemic viral infection with neurotropic predilection. [unboundmedicine.com]
Epidemiology
Weekly Epidemiological Record = Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire, 71 (34), 258. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/229866 Journal Weekly Epidemiological Record = Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire, 71 (34): 258 Language English français Collections [apps.who.int]
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND VIROLOGICAL STUDIES OF ECHOVIRUS TYPE 4 MENINGITIS IN JAPAN, 1964. Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology, Vol. 21, Issue. 1, p. 11. [cambridge.org]
However, because of the limit data of Chinese CVA9 strains available, it was very difficult to clarify the molecular epidemiology of CVA9 in China. [virologyj.biomedcentral.com]
Outbreak of aseptic meningitis caused by Coxsackie B5 virus; laboratory, clinical, and epidemiologic study. J Am Med Assoc. 1957 Aug 31; 164 (18):2015–2019. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] RHODES AJ, BEALE A. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Pathophysiology
This book puts major emphasis on treatment, with diagnosis, epidemiology, and pathophysiology discussed only when they affect treatment strategies and decisions. Inclusive coverage allows you to treat the gamut of neurologic diseases effectively. [books.google.de]
Occurs in both outbreak and sporadic forms Etiology and Pathophysiology In immunocompetent hosts, VM is generally caused by a systemic viral infection with neurotropic predilection. [unboundmedicine.com]
Pleurodynia is most common amongst adults.[10] Out of the 21 viruses that can cause cardiovascular disease, the coxsackie B virus is the major cause of viral myocarditis, especially in neonates and younger children.[15][16] Pathophysiology The pathogenesis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Pathophysiological Characteristics In most of case epidemic hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) viral infections are caused by coxsackievirus A16, A6, or enterovirus 71. [juniperpublishers.com]
J Med Virol 87:1471–1479 View Article Google Scholar Jain S, Patel B, Bhatt GC (2014) Enteroviral encephalitis in children: clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment advances. [springerplus.springeropen.com]
Prevention
This article reviews the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and differential diagnoses of enteroviral infections, specifically focusing on the prevention, treatment, and prognosis of the disease and the implications for clinical practice. [nursingcenter.com]
Special attention is given to the prevention and treatment of these diseases found in developing countries as well as the latest findings about new antimicrobial agents, gram-negative infections and their management, and recommendations for immunization [books.google.com]
Vaccines can help prevent you from getting many viral diseases. [icdlist.com]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease." Dec. 22, 2017.. United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [medicinenet.com]