In the present study, eight candidate miRNAs, the functions of which are associated with myocarditis, were selected and their expression levels were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. miR-146b and miR-214 were found [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] fever, reduced general condition Skin/mucosa Maculopapular and partially vesicular rash on the hands and feet Oral ulcers Diagnosis: clinical Treatment: symptomatic Prognosis: almost always self‑limiting Coxsackie B Myocarditis Pleurodynia Clinical presentation [amboss.com]

All presented with atypical features, with most (n=13) resembling eczema herpeticum or chickenpox. Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) was identified in all the typed cases (n=11). [eurosurveillance.org]

• Fatigue

  We ask about general symptoms (anxious mood, depressed mood, fatigue, pain, and stress) regardless of condition. Last updated: March 28, 2023 [patientslikeme.com]

  Is chronic fatigue following pleurodynia common? Any advice would be much appreciated. [forums.netdoctor.co.uk]

  The common symptoms of Coxsackie virus are fever, sore throat, fatigue and loss of appetite. It would be only for two or three days. Then it appears as sores and blisters on the mouth, throat and hands. [diseasespictures.com]

  Symptomology and Outcome: Coxsackie B infection is characterized by fever, fatigue, malaise and chest pains. Infection of the heart by a coxsackie B virus can lead to viral myocarditis. [web.stanford.edu]

  This can be accompanied by pain and general fatigue. Management of post-polio syndrome is supportive, with pain control and a regular but non-strenuous exercise or physical therapy regimen. [infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com]

• Leg Swelling

  Symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, and leg swelling. The injury to the heart may be transient or permanent. Severe Infection of the Newborn Newborns may acquire the virus from infected adults or children. [emedicinehealth.com]

• Burning Pain

  Do not drink juice or soda because their acid content causes burning pain in the ulcers. Complete recovery occurs in 5 to 7 days. [medlineplus.gov]

  Affected people may feel like there is something in their eye or complain of burning pain. AHC may be caused by coxsackievirus, although it is more commonly caused by a related virus. Symptoms usually resolve in about a week. [emedicinehealth.com]

• Streptococcal Infection

  Regarding molecular mimicry for other pathogens, it may be of note that infection with yersinia is linked to autoimmune thyroiditis [ 97 ]. Accordingly, persistence of streptococcal infection has been associated with autoimmunity [ 98, 99 ]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Sore Throat

  Coxsackie viruses are a common cause of sore throats, especially for children, often in spring and summer. Typical symptoms are a fever, and sore throat and tongue in some cases. [familydoctor.co.nz]

  It may also cause diarrhea or a sore throat that is similar to strep throat. There are some more severe syndromes caused by the virus, but these are less common. [emedicinehealth.com]

• Sneezing

  It is a good idea to cover the mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing and to avoid contact with other people who are coughing and sneezing. [humanillnesses.com]

  The virus can spread from person-to-person through tiny, air droplets that are released when the sick person sneezes, coughs, or blows their nose. [medlineplus.gov]

  Coxsackie infection can spread to your baby: In the air when an infected person sneezes or coughs nearby When an infected person sneezes or coughs and touches surfaces like toys with unwashed hands. [marchofdimes.org]

  […] such as saliva, sputum, or nasal mucus) blister fluid feces (poop) You can get exposed to the viruses that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease through close personal contact, such as hugging an infected person the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes [cdc.gov]

  They also can be spread through droplets of fluid sprayed into the air when someone sneezes or coughs. When an outbreak affects a community, risk for coxsackievirus infection is highest among infants and kids younger than 5. [kidshealth.org]

• Pleuritic Pain

  Pain on inspiration is similar to pleuritic pain and pulmonary embolism may be suspected. The muscles are locally tender. Fever, headache or nonspecific abdominal pain - either as prodromal symptoms or with the onset of chest pain. [patient.info]

  Born Holm disease present with… <ul><li>Pain on inspiration is similar to pleuritic pain and pulmonary embolism may be suspected. </li></ul><ul><li>The muscles are locally tender. </li></ul><ul><li>There will be no haemoptysis. [slideshare.net]

  Dyspnea Nonspecific chest discomfort Clinical Thoracic X-ray showing the presence of an enlarged cardiac silhouette with clear lungs CT scan Pleurodynia Fever Headache Attacks of severe pain in the lower chest, often on one side Pleuritic pain with the [wikidoc.org]

• Oral Ulcers

  ulcers Diagnosis: clinical Treatment: symptomatic Prognosis: almost always self‑limiting Coxsackie B Myocarditis Pleurodynia Clinical presentation Flu‑like symptoms Sudden thoracic and upper abdominal pain caused by irritation of the pleura and muscles [amboss.com]

  Patients who were infected by CA4 usually had oral ulcers (80.6%), which is a typical symptom of herpangina, and decreased oral intake (86.4%). Respiratory symptoms were less common in CB3 group. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Subtypes A 6 and 10 can also cause it but it can result from infection with other group A or B viruses.[3, 4] Usually a mild illness with a prodromal phase, followed by tender oral ulcerative lesions and then usually maculopapular lesions on the hands [patient.info]

  Like many viral infections, the coxsackievirus is spread by both fecal-oral (direct or indirect contact with stool) and respiratory transmission (someone coughs or sneezes on you). [verywell.com]

  Herpangina: similar to HFMD, with oral ulcers, but without a rash or blisters on the child's hands or feet Meningitis Myopericarditis: inflammation and damage to the heart muscle and sac surrounding the heart, which can be caused by coxsackievirus B1, [verywellhealth.com]

• Chest Pain

  pain arrhythmias tachycardia out of proportion to fever Pericarditis sharp pleuritic chest pain relieved by sitting up and forward friction rub on exam Studies Labs coxsackievirus-specific immunoglobulin A viral culture Making the diagnosis based on [step1.medbullets.com]

  Known as the inflammation of the chest muscles, pleurodynia can cause sudden pain in the upper abdomen and chest. Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. [belmarrahealth.com]

  Pleurodynia Pleurodynia is an inflammation of the muscles in the chest. It causes a sudden onset of sharp chest pain which gets worse when taking a deep breath. Pain may also be present in the abdomen. The pain comes and goes in waves or spasms. [emedicinehealth.com]

  When to call your pediatrician Call your pediatrician if your child complains of neck pain, chest pain, difficulty breathing, listlessness, or lethargy. [healthychildren.org]

• Heart Failure

  (such as heart failure in myocarditis) Conservative supportive care indication all patients modalities antipyretics analgesics hydration Complications Aseptic meningitis Guillain-Barre syndrome Please rate topic. [step1.medbullets.com]

  Oxygen can also be given to reduce the workload on the heart and in cases of heart failure, heart transplants can be performed. [web.stanford.edu]

  History and physical exam findings suggestive of heart failure may provide clues leading to a diagnosis of myocarditis. [hindawi.com]

  Complications do occur on occasion, including heart failure related to myopericarditis and even sudden death related to abnormal heart rhythms. [healthychildren.org]

  This is swelling of the heart muscle. It can lead to heart damage. For newborns, it can cause serious infection and complications, including heart failure and death. Viral meningitis. This is infection of the meninges. [marchofdimes.org]

• Eruptions

  Vesicular eruptions have been associated with infections due to Coxsackie virus Group A, Type 16,2 ECHO virus Type 43 and Coxsackie virus Group A, Type 9.4 Two cases of vesicular eruption associated with Coxsackie. .. [nejm.org]

  The case may represent a peculiar paraviral eruption, where a predisposing pemphigus-prone genetic background paved the way for the acantholytic autoimmune disorder as a consequence of the combined effect of the coxsackievirus infection and the cephalosporin [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The first virus causes muscular pains, paralysis, and most commonly pus-filled eruptions on the hands, feet, and in and around the mouth. [askdrshah.com]

  […] multiforme associated with coxsackievirus A6 infection, as coxsackievirus A6 has recently been reported to induce not only typical hand-foot-mouth disease, but also atypical form of hand-foot-mouth disease characterized by widespread papular/vesicular eruptions [medicaljournals.se]

  Symptoms: Sore throat, fever, rashes followed by vesicular eruptions in foot and hand that later ulcerate Herpangina It occurs commonly in children between ages of 3-10 years. But Coxsackie in adults is possible. [md-health.com]

• Erythema

  One of the unusual features of the present case was that the initial symptoms on day 6, such as the vesicular erythema of the hands/feet and urticarial erythema on the trunk (Fig. 1), were not necessarily accompanied by marked tissue eosinophilia. [medicaljournals.se]

  In adults, the clinical picture of the mucocutaneous lesions can mimic erythema multiforme or other infectious diseases, such as syphilis. In the majority of cases, HFMD presents a benign and self-limiting course. [karger.com]

  […] frequent in children and usually self-limited; vesicular stomatitis differs from vesicular pharyngitis by the more diffuse lesions in the oral region; acute lymphonodular pharyngitis is characterized by firm, raised lesions, surrounded by a zone of erythema [msdsonline.com]

  Coxsackievirus B5 causes pustular stomatitis with erythema multiforme. Coxsackievirus A4 causes a widespread vesicular eruption. [patient.info]

• Suggestibility

  Abstract Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infections produce an inflammatory and immune response that suggests the involvement of cytokines. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Meningism

  Both groups may cause viral meningitis, conjunctivitis, or flu‑like symptoms. Diagnostic procedures and treatment should be tailored to the specific disease manifestation. [amboss.com]

  Rarely, the patient with coxsackievirus A16 infection may also develop "aseptic" or viral meningitis. [histopathology-india.net]

  Meningitis Coxsackieviruses, especially those from group B, may cause viral meningitis (inflammation of the linings of the spinal cord and brain). [emedicinehealth.com]

  Stiff neck, headache, vomiting, and pain related to bright lights (photophobia) are signs of meningitis. Meningitis occurs most frequently in young children, but older children and teenagers can also be affected. [healthychildren.org]

  Patients who had symptoms and signs of meningeal irritation, such as headache, vomiting, meningeal signs or fever, but no available CSF for analysis or negative results for CSF studies were categorized as meningismus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Headache

  If your granddaughter develops more-serious signs or symptoms, such as severe headaches, joint pain or a high fever, she should be evaluated by a doctor. [mayoclinic.org]

  Herpangina often develops suddenly, and additional symptoms may include high fevers and headaches. Most cases resolve within 3-6 days. [healthychildren.org]

  Headache – Small children often experience headache due to HFMD As will most viral illnesses children with HFMD experience loss of appetite. There is a sore throat. The throat is often painful. [news-medical.net]

  When the conjunctiva of the eye become inflamed, symptoms including pain and swelling of the eye, red eye, and headache may occur. Hepatitis. [belmarrahealth.com]

• Confusion

  If there is confusion about the exact diagnosis, an infectious-disease specialist may be consulted. A cardiologist or intensive-care specialist may be needed for the management of severe complications. [emedicinehealth.com]

• Seizure

  If you experience a rash, fever, seizure, severe headache, stiff neck, shortness of breath, or chest pain, you should seek medical attention to gain a proper diagnosis for your symptoms. [belmarrahealth.com]

  Possible complications that may result from HFMD include: Loss of body fluids (dehydration) Seizures due to high fever (febrile seizures) Call your provider if there are signs of complications, such as pain in the neck or arms and legs. [medlineplus.gov]

  Febrile seizures may occur in children. Seizures are less common in adults, although adults may complain of fatigue that lasts for weeks after the meningitis resolves. [emedicinehealth.com]

  See more Expert Answers See also Anthrax CSF leak (Cerebrospinal fluid leak) CT scan Headache Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) Lyme disease Managing Meningitis Mayo Clinic Minute Meningitis 101 for college students Meningitis Nausea and vomiting Polio Seizures [mayoclinic.org]

• Febrile Seizures

  Complications of hand, foot and mouth disease Complications of HFMD include (5): High fever in children leading to dehydration High fever may lead to febrile seizures or convulsions in very young children Infections of the lesions by bacteria or superimposed [news-medical.net]

  Possible complications that may result from HFMD include: Loss of body fluids (dehydration) Seizures due to high fever (febrile seizures) Call your provider if there are signs of complications, such as pain in the neck or arms and legs. [medlineplus.gov]

  Febrile seizures may occur in children. Seizures are less common in adults, although adults may complain of fatigue that lasts for weeks after the meningitis resolves. [emedicinehealth.com]

Laboratory workup revealed segmented neutrophil predominant leukocytosis, elevated levels of troponin (2.45 ng/ml), BNP (457.2 pg/ml), and d-dimer (6.72 µg/ml). [hindawi.com]

[…] infection with AIDS-defining opportunistic infections These 3 categories are further subdivided on the basis of the CD4+ T-cell count, as follows: > 500/µL: Categories A1, B1, C1 200-400/µL: Categories A2, B2, C2 < 200/µL: Categories A3, B3, C3 See Workup [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Pericardial Effusion

  Additionally, EKG (sinus tachycardia with nonspecific ST-T wave changes), troponin T/I, and creatine kinase, and echocardiogram (global hypokinesis with or without pericardial effusion) could be seen. [hindawi.com]

  effusion • Pleurodynia • Hepatitis • Sjogren's syndorme • Diabetes mellitus • Acute flaccid myelitis[2] Differential Diagnosis Coxsackie A virus and coxsackie B virus can cause multiple diseases in humans. [wikidoc.org]

However, this treatment strategy has to be evaluated in vivo to develop a new treatment strategy for patients suffering with viral myocarditis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Diagnostic procedures and treatment should be tailored to the specific disease manifestation. [amboss.com]

The viral infection is usually self-limited and no treatment is necessary. However, it is highly contagious and preventing transmission is hard. [patientslikeme.com]

Coxsackievirus Treatment : No particular treatment is available for Coxsackie virus infection. However based on the symptoms and its intensity the doctor may recommend Tylenol for reducing the discomfort of fever. [diseasespictures.com]

Prepare for clinical challenges and save time in addressing them thanks to expert advice on treatment options from international contributors. [books.google.com]

Prognosis Prognosis of mild congenital EV infections is quite good if reanimation procedures are available. Prognosis of severe congenital EV infections is poor and the disease has been reported to be fatal. [orpha.net]

Thus, the effects of a relatively common infection during the neonatal period may be long lasting, and the prognosis for newborn infants recovering from acute infection should be reexplored. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The prognosis of HFMD is excellent, with the vast majority resolving spontaneously in 5-10 days. [patient.info]

[…] mouth disease Characteristics: highly contagious Clinical presentation General symptoms: fever, reduced general condition Skin/mucosa Maculopapular and partially vesicular rash on the hands and feet Oral ulcers Diagnosis: clinical Treatment: symptomatic Prognosis [amboss.com]

References:[2][3][4] Coxsackie virus infections Summary Epidemiology Etiology Disease manifestations [amboss.com]

Abstract Recently, it has been suggested that coxsackievirus plays an etiologic role in juvenile dermatomyositis (DM). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The incidence of pancreatitis of unknown etiology may even be higher since the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis can be difficult and may go undetected. [pancreas.imedpub.com]

Epidemiology Worldwide distribution Occur in all age groups Highest incidence in infants and young children (< 10 years) References:[1] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. [amboss.com]

The epidemiology and pathogenicity of SAFV remain unclear. METHODS: Between July 2009 and October 2010, nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from children with acute respiratory infections. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract | Full Text The report is an overview of enterovirus epidemiology in Piemonte during a 5-year period from 2000 to 2004 with an investigative protocol recording epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory data. [doaj.org]

Epidemiology and control of hand, foot and mouth disease in Singapore, 2001-2007. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2009 Feb. 38(2):106-12. [Medline]. Bergman I, Painter MJ, Wald ER, et al. [emedicine.medscape.com]

We have recently reported the possible role of the cysteine‐rich secretory protein 3 gene (a member of the latter group of differentially expressed genes) (5) in the pathophysiology of primary SS. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Pathophysiology of Coxsackie's virus <ul><li>Coxsackieviruses are transmitted primarily via the fecal -oral route and respiratory aerosols, although transmission via fomites is possible. [slideshare.net]

Pathophysiology Coxsackieviruses are transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route and respiratory aerosols, although transmission via fomites is possible. The viruses initially replicate in the upper respiratory tract and the distal small bowel. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pleurodynia is most common amongst adults.[10] Out of the 21 viruses that can cause cardiovascular disease, the coxsackie B virus is the major cause of viral myocarditis, especially in neonates and younger children.[15][16] Pathophysiology The pathogenesis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease." Dec. 22, 2017. <http://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/about/index.html>. United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [medicinenet.com]

Two weeks before the outbreak of the lesions, the patient had suffered from a viral pharyngitis, subsequently diagnosed as herpangina, and had been taking an oral cephalosporin (cefixime) for 1 week to prevent possible bacterial complications. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]