2011 Iran Present 2000 Bente et al., 2013 Iraq Present 1979 Bente et al., 2013 Kazakhstan Present 1948 Bente et al., 2013 Kyrgyzstan Present Bente et al., 2013 Oman Present 1995 CAB ABSTRACTS Data Mining 2001; Bente et al., 2013 Pakistan Present 1976 [cabi.org]

Overall identity of the sequences ranged from 98.8–100% and we detected three amino acid changes; S272N (present in samples KS153 and KS149), K316R (present in samples KS208, KS213 and KS223) and V327I (present in samples KS172 and KS88)(amino acid positions [journals.plos.org]

Several bleeding symptoms often present with this disease. Petechiae commonly occur on the skin and in the mouth and throat. [infectionlandscapes.org]

• Easy Bruising

  All patients show evidence of coagulation abnormalities, with hemorrhages in the conjunctiva and easy bruising. [antimicrobe.org]

• Fever

  Role of ticks in the transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. In: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a global perspective [ed. by Ergonul, O.\Whitehouse, C. A.]. [cabi.org]

  Clinical presentation was characterized by fever, myalgia and haemorrhage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  fever in Kosovo, J Clin Microbiol, 2002, vol. 40 (pg. 1122 - 3 ) 9 Serological evidence of human infection with Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus in Greece, Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1982, vol. 31 (pg. 1066 - 7 ) 10 Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Iraq [doi.org]

  Convert to ICD-10-CM : 065.0 converts directly to: 2015/16 ICD-10-CM A98.0 Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever Approximate Synonyms Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever Applies To Central Asian hemorrhagic fever ICD-9-CM Volume [icd9data.com]

• High Fever

  Onset is sudden, with initial symptoms including high fever, joint pain, stomach pain, and vomiting. Red eyes, a flushed face and red spots in the throat are also common. [web.archive.org]

  CCHF outbreaks have a fatality rate of as high as 40 percent, according to the WHO, and there is no vaccine. Symptoms come on suddenly and include headache, high fever, vomiting, and back, joint and stomach pain. [mnn.com]

• Acutely Ill Patient

  L aboratory Diagnosis When available, ELISA or RT-PCR testing can detect antigens or RNA of RVF virus in the bloodstream of acutely ill patients. [antimicrobe.org]

• Bleeding Gums

  As the disease progresses, severe symptoms start appearing, which include petechiae, ecchymosis, epistaxis, bleeding gums and emesis. [spandidos-publications.com]

• Tachycardia

  Other signs may include tachycardia (fast heart rate), lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes), and a petechial rash (a rash caused by bleeding into the skin), both on internal mucosal surfaces, such as in the mouth and throat, and on the skin. [medicinenet.com]

  ·Other clinical signs which emerge include tachycardia (fast heart rate), lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes), and a petechial rash (a rash caused by bleeding into the skin), both on internal mucosal surfaces, such as in the mouth and throat, and on [web.archive.org]

  Other clinical signs include tachycardia (fast heart rate), lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes), and a petechial rash (a rash caused by bleeding into the skin) on internal mucosal surfaces, such as in the mouth and throat, and on the skin. [who.int]

• Hypotension

  Symptoms• Fever, fatigue, dizziness, myalgias, and prostration• Signs of bleeding range from only conjunctival hemorrhage, mild hypotension, flushing, and petechiae to shock and generalized mucous membrane hemorrhage and evidence of pulmonary, hematopoietic [slideshare.net]

  The major symptoms include headache, high fever, abdominal pain, myalgia, hypotension and flushed face ( 10 ). [spandidos-publications.com]

  The prehemorrhagic period is characterized by sudden onset of fever (39-41oC), rigor, severe headache, photophobia, hypotension, relative brachycardia, tachypnea, nausea and abdominal pain. Symptoms of the gastrointestinal tract may also present. [hsj.gr]

• Petechiae

  Red eyes, a flushed face, a red throat, and petechiae (red spots) on the palate are common. Symptoms may also include jaundice, and in severe cases, changes in mood and sensory perception. [globalbiodefense.com]

  • Severe multisystem syndrome• Damage to overall vascular system• Symptoms often accompanied by hemorrhage• Rarely life threatening in itself• Includes conjunctivitis, petechia, echymosis 3. [slideshare.net]

  In up to 75% of cases, however, signs of hemorrhage appear within 3–5 days of the onset of illness : first mood instability, agitation, mental confusion and throat petechiae, then soon nosebleeds, bloody urine and vomiting, and black stools. [wikidoc.org]

  The petechiae (bleeding spots) may give way to ecchymoses ( bruises, like a petechial rash, but covering larger areas) and other hemorrhagic (bleeding) phenomena such as melena (bleeding from the upper bowel, passed as altered blood in the feces), hematuria [medicinenet.com]

  […] animal blood or ticks; infectious blood or body fluids; contaminated medical supplies; person-to-person is rare Likely BW Form(s) Aerosol Pathology Headache, high fever, back pain, joint pain, stomach pain, vomiting, red eyes, flushed face, a red throat, petechiae [globalsecurity.org]

• Flushing

  Red eyes, a flushed face and red spots in the throat are also common. As the illness progresses, patients can develop large areas of severe bruising, severe nosebleeds, and uncontrolled bleeding. [bbc.co.uk]

  Red eyes, a flushed face, a red throat, and petechiae (red spots) on the palate are common. Symptoms may also include jaundice, and in severe cases, changes in mood and sensory perception. [globalbiodefense.com]

• Skin Rash

  Other symptoms associated with the disease include sore throat, abdominal pain, vomiting, and a skin rash. A biphasic fever is a hallmark of Colorado Tick Fever and presents in nearly 50% of infected patients. [wikidoc.org]

• Epistaxis

  A hemorrhagic state develops from the third to fifth days and manifests with petechiae, purpura, epistaxis, hemoptysis, hematemesis, melena and hematuria. [omicsonline.org]

  […] may give way to ecchymoses ( bruises, like a petechial rash, but covering larger areas) and other hemorrhagic (bleeding) phenomena such as melena (bleeding from the upper bowel, passed as altered blood in the feces), hematuria (blood in the urine), epistaxis [medicinenet.com]

  The petechiae may give way to ecchymoses (like a petechial rash, but covering larger areas) and other haemorrhagic phenomena such as melaena (bleeding from the upper bowel, passed as altered blood in the faeces), haematuria (blood in the urine), epistaxis [web.archive.org]

  The petechiae may give way to larger rashes called ecchymoses, and other haemorrhagic phenomena such as melaena (bleeding from the upper bowel, passed as altered blood in the faeces), haematuria (blood in the urine), epistaxis (nosebleeds) and bleeding [nhp.gov.in]

  The bleeding can be in the form of melena, black fecal bleeding associated with gastrointestinal hemorrhaging, hematemesis, vomiting up of blood from the gastrointestinal tract, and epistaxis, or bleeding from the noise (10). 15-30% of people will die [microbewiki.kenyon.edu]

• Neglect

  Hewson 18.00-18.30 Challenge in development, verification and validation of an IVD-CE marked assay for the detection of a neglected disease Markus Heß, altona Diagnostics GmbH 20.30 Gala dinner with music (fee 40 Euros) Tuesday, September 12, 2017 CLINICAL [med.auth.gr]

  Interferon and cytokine responses to Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus; an emerging and neglected viral zonoosis. [journal.frontiersin.org]

• Liver Biopsy

  No CCHF virus IgM or IgG antibodies were detected in serum specimens obtained from this patient, but the virus was detected by PCR in a liver biopsy specimen obtained during autopsy. [doi.org]

Early and extensive supportive treatment is the mainstay of treatment. [journals.lww.com]

Despite a number of the mentioned studies that some patients had died, in the present study all patients improved with treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Clinical Outcomes in Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever: A Five-years Experience in the Treatment of Patients in Oral Ribavirin. Int J Virol. 2006; 2 (1): 21-4[ DOI ] 19. Izadi S, Salehi M. [intjinfection.com]

PTI | 15 Jul 2013, 18:54:43 IST Rajkot, July 15: As many as seven people died of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Amerli district of Gujarat over the last one week while six others were undergoing treatment at the civil hospital, officials said here [web.archive.org]

The treatment currently used is ribavirin. It has been seen that intravenous administration of ribavirin is a good treatment in viral hemorrhagic fevers. It is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. [microbewiki.kenyon.edu]

The prognosis at the time of hospital admission is strongly determined by the level of virus in the blood; patients with the highest levels are at greatest risk of death. [antimicrobe.org]

In addition, if these findings develop in advanced stages of the disease, such as hemorrhagic and convalescent phases, they might serve as indicators of poor prognosis. [springerplus.springeropen.com]

It was impossible to decide with certainty the problem of viral etiology of the Crimean hemorrhagic type of illness without observations carried out on people. [dtic.mil]

Abstract This paper describes the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory investigations undertaken to isolate and identify the etiological agent of a nosocomial cluster of hemorrhagic fever cases due to Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHR)-Congo virus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The etiologic agent, CCHF virus (genus Nairovirus, family Bunyaviridae), is an enveloped negative-sense, trisegmented, single-stranded RNA virus. [msdvetmanual.com]

Etiology CCHF is caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), a member of the genus Nairovirus in the family Bunyaviridae. It belongs to the CCHF serogroup. [healio.com]

During the Crimean War, the disease was known as "Crimean fever" and contracted by many, including Florence Nightingale.In 1944, Soviet scientists first identified the disease they called Crimean hemorrhagic fever in Crimea They established its viral etiology [en.wikipedia.org]

Publication Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever - Annual Epidemiological Report for 2016 Data Surveillance systems overview for 2017 Publication Synergies in community and institutional public health emergency preparedness for tick-borne diseases in Spain [ecdc.europa.eu]

Alexandros Garyfallos, Head of the Medical School EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CCHF IN HUMANS Chairpersons: Anna Papa, Gülay Korukluoğlu 13.30-13.50 CCHF in Turkey Gülay Korukluoğlu 13.50-14.10 Epidemiology of CCHF in India Pragya Yadav 14.10-14.30 Changing epidemiology [med.auth.gr]

Abstract This paper describes the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory investigations undertaken to isolate and identify the etiological agent of a nosocomial cluster of hemorrhagic fever cases due to Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHR)-Congo virus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Although, the precise pathophysiological mechanisms of pleural effusion are not known, it is widely thought to develop as a result of widespread systemic inflammation. [springerplus.springeropen.com]

Pathophysiology• The target organ is the vascular bed.• Dominant clinical features are due to micro vascular damage and changes in vascular permeability• In most cases of viral hemorrhagic fever, the coagulopathy is multifactorial, including: • hepatic [slideshare.net]

Prognostic factors, pathophysiology and novel biomarkers in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Antiviral Res 2016 ;132: 233 - 243 12. Cevik MA, Erbay A, Bodur H, et al. Viral load as a predictor of outcome in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. [doi.org]

The first vector control strategy is to take the usual precautions to prevent tick bites in humans and, thus, prevent sporadic cases. [infectionlandscapes.org]

More details on insect bite prevention. Avoid coming into contact with the blood or tissues of animals. Healthcare practitioners should take appropriate infection control measures to prevent infection. [iamat.org]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/coloradotickfever/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015 ↑ Babesiosis. [wikidoc.org]

It is important for healthcare workers to use proper infection control precautions to prevent occupational exposure. 35. [slideshare.net]

“Prevention is easier than the cure and there is still some time left to avoid such cases from occurring,” he said, adding that the cost of prevention is even less than 1% of the cost of treatment. [tribune.com.pk]