When admitted to a hospital in Johannesburg, her left arm and hand were massively swollen with painful left axillary lymphadenopathy. Her temperature never exceeded 37.8 C. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The patient was started on antibiotic therapy; however, she came back 3 days later because the skin lesion and edema appeared to enlarge further and cervical lymphadenopathy became noticeable. [archivesofpathology.org]

The initial symptoms our non-specific and can make it difficult to diagnose, resulting in a high mortality rate. [6] Inhalation If infected with inhalation anthrax, the first symptoms are flu-like and include fever, malaise, cough, and fatigue. [microbewiki.kenyon.edu]

Symptoms include fever, shortness of breath, cough, fatigue, and chills. This can last hours to days. [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] well-defined and has ranged from 1 to 43 days, which may reflect delayed germination of inhaled spores or repeated inhalation of spores from the environment after the original exposure event. 8 Initial nonspecific signs and symptoms may include mild fever, fatigue [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Symptoms of inhalation anthrax: Begins with fever, malaise, headache, cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain Fever and shock may occur later Symptoms of gastrointestinal anthrax usually occur within 1 week and may include: Abdominal pain Bloody diarrhea [account.allinahealth.org]

The initial symptoms our non-specific and can make it difficult to diagnose, resulting in a high mortality rate. [6] Inhalation If infected with inhalation anthrax, the first symptoms are flu-like and include fever, malaise, cough, and fatigue. [microbewiki.kenyon.edu]

The lesion is typically painless and can be accompanied by fever, malaise, headache, and painful lymphadenopathy. 12, 18 The mortality rate for cutaneous anthrax is less than 1% if treated with antimicrobial agents but can be as high as 20% if untreated [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In the Serengeti ecosystem of Northern Tanzania, serological reactions have been reported in herbivorous species often hunted for bushmeat that comes from wildlife which is smuggled in for human consumption [ 26 ]. [royalsocietypublishing.org]

"Drummer's anthrax case spurs a public health hunt". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 14 December 2013. Retrieved 19 October 2014. "PROMED: Anthrax, Human – USA: (New Hampshire)". Promedmail.org. 26 December 2009. [en.wikipedia.org]

Wound cultures showed only the presence of viridans streptococci, bacteria that are not implicated in wound infections. The patient was treated with intravenous ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline, flucloxacillin, and topical mupirocin. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The next day, massive edema of the finger, hand, and left arm developed. When admitted to a hospital in Johannesburg, her left arm and hand were massively swollen with painful left axillary lymphadenopathy. Her temperature never exceeded 37.8 C. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Foci of thrombosis were noted. The Gram stains of the tissue, performed with different levels of intensity, revealed a focal group of partly stained Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped microorganisms, suggestive of B anthracis. [archivesofpathology.org]

A swab of the patient's skin ulceration grew coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species but did not grow Bacillus anthracis, for which it was specifically examined. [archivesofpathology.org]

Anthrax infection in humans can occur through contact with sick animals or their products. 1 Patients with cutaneous anthrax may present with skin necrosis, ulceration, extensive edema in the surrounding tissues, toxemia and other symptoms. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A specimen may be obtained from the ulcer and cultured on sheep blood agar and then Gram-stained to demonstrate the organism. [6] Gastrointestinal To diagnose gastrointestinal anthax, it must be distinguished from dysentery. [microbewiki.kenyon.edu]

It begins as a raised itchy bump resembling an insect bite, which then develops into a vesicle (blister), then into a painless ulcer with a characteristic black area in the centre (see image). [sahealth.sa.gov.au]

This sore may blister and form a black ulcer (sore or eschar). The sore is usually painless, but it is often surrounded by swelling. A scab often forms, and then dries and falls off within 2 weeks. Complete healing can take longer. [account.allinahealth.org]

Cutaneous manifestations of anthrax in Eastern Anatolia: a review of 39 cases. Acta Med Okayama. 2003; 57 :235–40 [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 3. Maguina C, Flores Del Pozo J, Terashima A, Gotuzzo E, Guerra H, Vidal JE, et al. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The neglect of biological plausibility in statistical analyses, during epidemiological studies such as this, is an inherent issue [ 39 ], which we sought to address in this study. [royalsocietypublishing.org]

The owner of the restaurant, who was one of the four patients, had purchased a head of sick cattle that was unable to walk from a local farmer at a cheap price, and it was immediately slaughtered at the restaurant. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In contrast, the same research previously demonstrated that 90% of cutaneously infected individuals remained skin test positive a year postinfection ( 43 ). [jimmunol.org]

Serologic test results for rickettsiae, orthopoxviruses, and Bartonella henselae were negative. The patient was not immunocompromised. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

With a very small number of exceptions, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Listeria monocytogenes ( 38, 39 ), detailed analysis of the relationship between the adaptive response and specific, bacterial Ags, epitopes, and pathogenic mechanisms is [jimmunol.org]

The epitope that we had picked up predominantly in the response of infected individuals, LF 714–733, also bound to HLA-DR1, 4, 7, 11, and 15, whereas there was no detectable binding to HLA-DR3 or 13. [jimmunol.org]

The epitope that we had picked up predominantly in the response of infected individuals, LF 714–733, also bound to HLA-DR1, 4, 7, 11, and 15, whereas there was no detectable binding to HLA-DR3 or 13. [jimmunol.org]