Presentation
Our case exemplifies the presentation of this disorder and highlights the important lesson of distinguishing between adrenal hypoplasia congenita and congenital adrenal hyperplasia, as well as the sometimes subtle presentation of adrenal insufficiency [pediatrics.aappublications.org]
In females the disorder is expressed only when there are two copies of the affected gene present on each X chromosome but since the glycerol kinase gene is present only on one X chromosome the disorder is not expressed in women. [en.wikipedia.org]
Entire Body System
- Short Stature
stature Decreased body height Small stature [ more ] 0004322 30%-79% of people have these symptoms Cryptorchidism Undescended testis Undescended testes [ more ] 0000028 EEG abnormality 0002353 Hyperlordosis Prominent swayback 0003307 Osteoporosis 0000939 [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]
- Feeding Difficulties
Affected children present with vomiting, feeding difficulties, dehydration, failure to thrive, salt wasting, hypoglycemic convulsions, and hyperpigmentation in the first months of life. [cags.org.ae]
Gastrointestinal
- Failure to Thrive
Affected children present with vomiting, feeding difficulties, dehydration, failure to thrive, salt wasting, hypoglycemic convulsions, and hyperpigmentation in the first months of life. [cags.org.ae]
Musculoskeletal
- Short Arm
Cytogenetic analysis of the proband revealed an interstitial deletion of the short arm of the X chromosome. from Xp21.1 to Xp22.11, comprising about 9% of the length of the normal X chromosome. [orca.cf.ac.uk]
arm of the X chromosome. 2 Isolated GKD can cause metabolic acidosis and hypoglycemia but is usually asymptomatic and detected incidentally through hyperlipidemia testing, as it causes a pseudohypertriglyceridemia. 3 Complex GKD, however, carries a much [pediatrics.aappublications.org]
Eyes
- Strabismus
Cryptorchidism, the failure of one or both of the testes to descend to the scrotum, has been known to lead to sexual identity confusion amongst young boys because it is such a major physiological anomaly. [14] Strabismus is the misalignment of one's eyes [en.wikipedia.org]
Face, Head & Neck
- Downturned Corners of the Mouth
corners of mouth Downturned corners of the mouth Downturned mouth [ more ] 0002714 Episodic vomiting 0002572 Frontal bossing 0002007 Growth delay Delayed growth Growth deficiency Growth failure Growth retardation Poor growth Retarded growth [ more ] [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]
Psychiatrical
- Psychomotor Retardation
Mental retardation, nonspecific Mental-retardation [ more ] 0001249 Metabolic acidosis 0001942 Muscular hypotonia Low or weak muscle tone 0001252 Myopathy Muscle tissue disease 0003198 Neurological speech impairment Speech disorder Speech impairment [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]
Workup
A full endocrine workup revealed nearly absent adrenocorticotropic hormone. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]
Serum
- Creatine Phosphokinase Increased
[…] serum CPK Elevated serum creatine phosphokinase High serum creatine kinase Increased CPK Increased creatine kinase Increased creatine phosphokinase Increased serum CK Increased serum creatine kinase Increased serum creatine phosphokinase [ more ] 0003236 [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]
Treatment
Umesh Alegaonkar MD - General Medicine, MBBS General Physician - Specializes in Treatment of Glycerol Kinase Deficiency Guru Prasad, B. [lybrate.com]
Treatment [ edit ] Treatments for Glycerol Kinase Deficiency are targeted to treat the symptoms because there are no permanent treatments for this disease. [en.wikipedia.org]
Prognosis
Universitetssjukhuset/SS, Göteborg, kl. 09.00 Publication type: Doctoral thesis Keywords: contiguous gene syndrome diagnose exercise fasting glucose deficit glycerol glycerol kinase deficiency metabolism molecular modelling mRNA analysis mutation natural history prognosis [gupea.ub.gu.se]
With meals at frequent intervals, access to glucose and avoidance of strenuous sports, the prognosis is good for a normal adult life of a young child with isolated GKD and symptoms of hypoglycaemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Kuwada N....McCabe E.R. 2005 21 Glycerol kinase deficiency presenting with hypodipsia, osmotic diuresis and severe hypernatraemia. ( 16435217 ) Mak T.W....Lai J.P. 2005 22 Glycerol kinase deficiency: follow-up during 20 years, genetics, biochemistry and prognosis [malacards.org]
[…] chromosome. 2 Isolated GKD can cause metabolic acidosis and hypoglycemia but is usually asymptomatic and detected incidentally through hyperlipidemia testing, as it causes a pseudohypertriglyceridemia. 3 Complex GKD, however, carries a much more serious prognosis [pediatrics.aappublications.org]
Etiology
Beatty ME, Zhang YH, McCabe ERB, Steiner RD (2000) Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency and glyceroluria: one possible etiology for GIS. Molec Genet Metab 69:338–340 Google Scholar 2. [link.springer.com]
Murata Y, Ogata J, Higaki Y, Kawashima M, Yada Y, Higuchi K, Tsuchiya T, Kawainami S, Imokawa G: Abnormal expression of sphingomyelin acylase in atopic dermatitis: An etiologic factor for ceramide deficiency? J Invest Dermatol 1996;106:1242–1249. [karger.com]
It is possible that his siderosis was related to other etiologies. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]
Leu 194 What is the epidemiology of lactose intolerance Age-dependnet and/or hereditary (blacks and Asians) 195 What is the etiology of Homocystinuria defect in cystathionine synthase. [aippg.net]
Epidemiology
Leu 194 What is the epidemiology of lactose intolerance Age-dependnet and/or hereditary (blacks and Asians) 195 What is the etiology of Homocystinuria defect in cystathionine synthase. [aippg.net]
Pathophysiology
[…] test may be helpful Evaluation of pseudohypertriglyceridemia for possible glycerol kinase deficiency Evaluation of triglyceride as a cardiovascular risk factor in individuals with elevated cholesterol values Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology [mayomedicallaboratories.com]
Further studies focused on the relationship between cholestasis and cortisol deficiency are warranted, as they may provide insight into the pathophysiology of disorders such as complex GKD. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]
Prevention
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These episodes can be prevented or at least reduced in number by the use of a reduced‐fat and therefore reduced‐glycerol diet. Other families exhibit the benign form of isolated glycerol kinase deficiency. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]
[…] architect's words: "Switching the inside lights on reflects the interior of the apartment onto the windows, and people outside can see in; however leaving the outside lights on illuminates the interior, turning the windows transparent, and people outside are prevented [world-architects.com]
The ring-like walkway that runs around the courtroom looks down onto the proceedings below, but the canopy prevents a clear view. Perrault has created a new landmark. [architectural-review.com]
This not only prevents the process-based risk of fire or explosion: in fluid and gas filtration these hybrid meshes also prevent electric fields from forming that negatively impact flow mechanisms or filtration rates. [filtsep.com]