Comparisons between the present study and other studies should be careful. One should remember that the conditions of examination of the present study were exceptional. [scielo.br]

For current drinking water interval data the odds ratio for the presentation of aesthetically significant fluorosis was 4.02 (p All of the remaining explanatory variables demonstrated no significant association with the presentation of fluorosis. [bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com]

Self-administered questionnaire were distributed among the school children present in the school on the day of examination. [jisppd.com]

When viewed under LM, teeth with questionable and very mild fluorosis did not present significant alterations histologically. [ijdr.in]

However, the opposing tooth in dental fluorosis requiring restoration likely presents mild dental fluorosis. [nanoscalereslett.springeropen.com]

• Dentist

  We use fluoride in our daily use of tooth paste, mouthwashes or scheduled routine cleaning from our dentist. [dentistindurham.co]

  Talk with your dentist about the best treatment plan for your child. They Help You Smile, Now Help Them Smile. Is your dentist one of America’s TOP dentists? Nominate your favorite dentist now. [everydayhealth.com]

  Your Asheville dentist will take precautionary measures to minimize any temporary tooth sensitivity you may experience after the procedure. [ashevillefamilydentist.com]

  Dietary Fluoride Supplements: Use dietary fluoride supplements only as prescribed by a physician or a dentist. [mouthhealthy.org]

  Systemic fluoride works when your teeth are developing as a baby and child, and is ingested in food and fluoridated water, as well as in supplements prescribed by your dentist or pediatrician. [dentalcare.com]

• Fever

  There are some other conditions which may mimic fluorosis including craniofacial and developmental defects, repeated high fevers as an infant which affects developing teeth, and physical trauma. [microcopydental.com]

  In addition, high fevers or trauma (such as a fall that injures a tooth) in infants or young children may discolor teeth. Young children can get cavities in their primary teeth, so any tooth discoloration should be checked at the dental office. [colgate.com]

• Fatigue

  Bajaj D, Arola D (2009) Role of prism decussation on fatigue crack growth and fracture of human enamel. Acta Biomater 5:3045–3056 41. [nanoscalereslett.springeropen.com]

• Dental Caries

  caries and dental fluorosis. [jdrntruhs.org]

  […] between preventing dental caries and the risk of fluorosis. [mja.com.au]

  School based approach was used to assess the prevalence of dental fluorosis and dental caries in the present study. Schoolchildren of age group 6-12 years were chosen. [jisppd.com]

  caries : Fluorosis-resembling enamel defects are often misdiagnosed as dental caries. [10] Dental Trauma : Mechanical trauma to the primary tooth may cause disturbance to the maturation phase of enamel formation, which may result in enamel opacities [en.wikipedia.org]

  Dental fluorosis, dental caries and fluoride exposure among 7-year-olds. Caries Res 1993; 27 : 71–77. 12 Thylstrup A, Fejerskov O. Clinical appearance of dental fluorosis in permanent teeth in relation to histological changes. [nature.com]

• Tooth Discoloration

  OLS > Experimental Factor Ontology EFO > EFO:1000892 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_1000892 A condition that results from excessive fluoride ingestion during tooth development, resulting in tooth discoloration ranging from white streaks to brown stains [ebi.ac.uk]

  Extreme cases turn the enamel yellow or brown, or worse, can cause a pitted tooth surface. This tooth discoloration is also called enamel mottling. [1800dentist.com]

  MI Paste: This is a calcium phosphate product that can minimize tooth discoloration. [springvalleydental.com]

  Not all tooth discoloration is necessarily fluoride-related. If your child has discolored teeth, it could be a case of dental fluorosis, but it could also be a sign of tooth decay. A visit to the dentist should clarify the nature of the condition. [factdr.com]

  In addition, high fevers or trauma (such as a fall that injures a tooth) in infants or young children may discolor teeth. Young children can get cavities in their primary teeth, so any tooth discoloration should be checked at the dental office. [colgate.com]

• Microdontia

  Dilaceration Discoloration Ectopic enamel Enamel hypocalcification Enamel hypoplasia Turner's hypoplasia Enamel pearl Fluorosis Fusion Gemination Hyperdontia Hypodontia Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis Impaction Wisdom tooth impaction Macrodontia Meth mouth Microdontia [en.wikipedia.org]

• Fracture

  Bajaj D, Arola D (2009) Role of prism decussation on fatigue crack growth and fracture of human enamel. Acta Biomater 5:3045–3056 41. [nanoscalereslett.springeropen.com]

  […] eruption Neonatal teeth Pulp calcification Pulp stone Pulp canal obliteration Pulp necrosis Pulp polyp Pulpitis Regional odontodysplasia Resorption Shovel-shaped incisors Supernumerary root Taurodontism Trauma Avulsion Cracked tooth syndrome Vertical root fracture [en.wikipedia.org]

  Fejerskov et al. stated that there is extensive abrasion of the porous and soft exposed lesions in severe fluorotic enamel because when the well mineralized surface zone is fractured away, the exposed hypomineralized lesions are subjected to extensive [ijdr.in]

  Well water fluoride, dental fluorosis, and bone fractures in the Guadiana Valley of Mexico. Fluoride 2001;34:139-49. 4. Jain Sk, Ray A, Shekhar S, Chandra R, Shrivasatava K, Sharma V. [jisppd.com]

  There were very few fractures (4%), but gingival recession occurred in 7.7% of cases, while gingival bleeding was observed in 21.6% of cases. [saudijos.org]

• Eruptions

  While fluoride can help prevent tooth decay and cavities once teeth are fully developed and erupted from the gums, overexposure to fluoride prior to tooth eruption can cause dental fluorosis. [filterbutler.com]

  Upon eruption into the mouth,fluorosed enamel is not discolored, the stains developover time due to the diffusion of exogenous ions (ex, ironand copper) into the abnormally porous enamel. [medigoo.com]

  Changes in enamel appearance usually include only mild white spots, but severe cases can include pitting on erupted tooth surfaces. [dentistry.uiowa.edu]

  Dental fluorosis most commonly affects children during the time when their teeth and gums are still developing (usually before six or seven years of age), but only appears when the affected teeth have erupted. [1800dentist.com]

  Once the teeth erupt into the mouth, they are not susceptible to fluorosis. While fluorosis can be very distressing, it’s considered a cosmetic condition and not a disease. It varies in appearance and may not even be detectable. [microcopydental.com]

• Seizure

  Seizures and muscle spasms may also occur. The cause Acute high-level exposure to fluoride is rare and usually due to accidental contamination of drinking-water or due to fires or explosions. [who.int]

Combination Treatments In order to achieve the most successful treatment for dental fluorosis, you may have the option to utilize treatments in conjunction with each other. Your smile is unique, so its treatment will need to be unique as well. [ashevillefamilydentist.com]

Treatment: The damage that dental fluorosis causes to the teeth enamel is permanent and not reversible. Dental fluorosis treatment is targeting in hiding the discoloration of the teeth. Treatment options depend on the severity of dental fluorosis. [medigoo.com]

no treatment is required. [dentalcare.com]

To learn about fluorosis, you can always contact the Durham NC dentist What are some treatment methods? Fluorosis usually is very mild and doesn’t require any treatment. [dentistindurham.co]

More often than not, any cosmetic treatment will be postponed until the child is between 16-18 years of age when they are more mature, and treatments such as orthodontics are complete. [microcopydental.com]

Prognosis Teeth affected by fluorosis are not diseased. Fluorosis will not result in cavities or other dental problems. [colgate.com]

Thus, prognosis of resin composite appears not to be good. However, the introduction of the modern bonding systems and fiber-reinforced resin composites may result in resin composite veneers with better prognosis. [saudijos.org]

The etiology is attributed to the early exposure to high concentrations of fluoride ingested from drinking water. Various treatment options addressing the patient's presenting complaint were discussed with the patient and her husband. [jresdent.org]

Descriptive indices There are a few notable among the descriptive indices that have been suggested for measuring dental fluorosis. [32], [33], [34] According to these descriptive indices, no diagnosis of enamel defect should be made on the basis of presumed etiology [saudijos.org]

American Journal of Epidemiology 148:967 – 974. [encyclopedia.com]

Uniterms: Dental fluorosis, epidemiology; Fluoride, adverse effects; Water fluoridation. [scielo.br]

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 38:97-109, 2010. Do LG and others. Natural history and long-term impact of dental fluorosis: a prospective cohort study. Medical Journal of Australia 204:25.e1, 2016. [dentalwatch.org]

Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. 34 (4): 299–309. doi : 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2006.00281.x. [en.wikipedia.org]

Outcome of the Review into Allegations of Research Misconduct Involving Fluoride Research BOSTON-August 15, 2006-The Harvard Medical School and School of Dental Medicine (HSDM) review of Chester Douglass, DMD, PhD, professor of oral health policy and epidemiology [fluoridealert.org]

[…] to prevent disease. [listerineprofessional.com]

Prevention of dental fluorosis is mainly preventing the chronic ingestion of high amount of fluorides during the teeth forming years. [factdr.com]

For this reason, community water fluoridation levels are set to a level where the community will benefit substantially for prevention of cavities, but risk of dental fluorosis is kept low. [dentistry.uiowa.edu]

Here are some things parents can do at home to help prevent fluorosis: Infant to 3 Years Old: Breast feed your child. [mouthhealthy.org]

However, mother interested to participate in any prevention programme to prevent this issue in future generations. [omicsonline.org]