In addition, at least one of the first two symptoms listed below must be present; at least five or more of all the symptoms listed must be present. [verywellmind.com]

Mixed episodes tend to be severe when they occur; psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, and suicidal thinking are frequently present. [mentalhelp.net]

[…] symptoms must be present for at least 2 weeks and represent a change from the patient's normal behavior. [1] Depressed mood and loss of interest (anhedonia) [ edit ] Either depressed mood or a loss of interest or pleasure must be present for the diagnosis [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] and then adults, symptom presentation becomes more consistent with the DSM-5 criteria ( Table 1 ). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Also present is some combination of altered appetite, weight, or sleep patterns, psychomotor agitation or retardation, difficulty thinking or concentrating, lack of energy and fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, self-reproach, or inappropriate guilt, [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Fatigue

  Fatigue. Fatigue and loss of energy that is more than normal and can’t be explained simply by lack of sleep or low quality sleep. Excessive guilt. Feelings of deep guilt and shame, a feeling of being worthless. Impaired thinking. [bridgestorecovery.com]

  Sleeping too little can accentuate depression symptoms like irritability and mental fatigue. Stay connected. Loneliness can worsen depression. Try to get out with friends, or connect with them by phone or computer. Eat well. [healthline.com]

  Also present is some combination of altered appetite, weight, or sleep patterns, psychomotor agitation or retardation, difficulty thinking or concentrating, lack of energy and fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, self-reproach, or inappropriate guilt, [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Constant complaints of fatigue and low energy Thoughts of the affected person's worthlessness, guilt or shame plague him or her Concentration becomes more difficult to achieve than before Thoughts of the desirability of death and suicide People experiencing [mentalhelp.net]

  Share on Pinterest Symptoms of a depressive episode may include anxiety, frustration, feeling hopeless, fatigue, and a loss of interest in things once enjoyed. [medicalnewstoday.com]

[…] settings or in other important areas in order to qualify as an episode. [2] The symptoms are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., abuse of a drug or medication) or a general medical condition (e.g., hypothyroidism ). [2] Workup [en.wikipedia.org]

• Hyponatremia

  Paroxetine-induced hyponatremia in older adults: a 12-week prospective study. Arch Intern Med. 2004 Feb 9. 164(3):327-32. [Medline]. King RA, Segman RH, Anderson GM. Serotonin and suicidality: the impact of acute fluoxetine administration. [medscape.com]

[…] as treatment “responders”. [dovepress.com]

[…] alternative treatment that has been proven to be effective in the treatment of depression, especially people that have been resistant to four or more treatments. [16] Some of the unique benefits of vagus nerve stimulation include improved neurocognitive [en.wikipedia.org]

Role of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the treatment of depression: a review of the evidence. Am J Clin Nutr 2002 Nov;76(5):1158S-61S. 26. Williams AL, Girard C, et al. S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) as treatment for depression: a systematic review. [passeportsante.net]

Symptom severity predicts the initial mode of treatment ranging from psychotherapy to medications to combination treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] priorities, perceptions of treatment adequacy, and communication of treatment goals. [frontiersin.org]

Thus, when they do occur together, the depressive symptoms and functional impairment tend to be more severe and the prognosis is worse compared with bereavement that is not accompanied by major depressive disorder. [psychcentral.com]

Conversely, individuals with schizophrenia can become depressed when they realize the stigma surrounding their illness, the poor prognosis, and loss of function. [psycom.net]

Transcranial magnetic stimulation is also an alternative treatment for a major depressive episode. [16] It is a noninvasive treatment that is easily tolerated and shows an antidepressant effect, especially in more typical depression and younger adults. [16] Prognosis [en.wikipedia.org]

Depressive psychosis: clinical usefulness of MR spectroscopy data in predicting prognosis. Radiology. 2006;238(1):248–255. 53. de Diego-Adelino J, Portella MJ, Gomez-Anson B, et al. [dovepress.com]

Comorbidity of migraine and depression: Investigating potential etiology and prognosis. Neurology 60, 1308 – 1312 ( 2003 ). 21. ↵ Hyde, C.L. et al. [biorxiv.org]

Comorbidity of migraine and depression: Investigating potential etiology and prognosis. Neurology 60, 1308 – 1312 ( 2003 ). 21. ↵ Hyde, C.L. et al. [biorxiv.org]

Childhood depression: Epidemiology, etiological models, and treatment implications. Integr Psychiatry. 1988. 6:1-8. Lewinsohn PM, Hops H, Roberts RE, Seeley JR, Andrews JA. Adolescent psychopathology: I. [medscape.com]

Physician Burnout: Definition, Controversies and Etiology The last episode waded into the murky waters of graduate business education. [fahyconsulting.com]

Global variation in the prevalence and incidence of major depressive disorder: A systematic review of the epidemiological literature. [ourworldindata.org]

METHOD: The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study is a prospective epidemiological survey in the adult population (n=7076), using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Julkaisuja Attempted suicide and psychiatric consultation Suicide in alcohol-dependent individuals: epidemiology and Life events, social support, and onset of major depressive episode Level of suicidal intent predicts overall mortality and suicide Completed [demo.seco.tkk.fi]

Epidemiology and heritability of major depressive disorder, stratified by age of onset, sex, and illness course in generation scotland: scottish family health study (GS:SFHS ). [biorxiv.org]

"Epidemiology of Childhood and Adult Mental Illness". Neurologic Clinics. 34 (4): 1023–1033. doi : 10.1016/j.ncl.2016.06.010. ISSN 0733-8619. PMID 27719986. ^ Shalev, A; Freedman, S; Peri, T; Brandes, D; Sahar, T; Orr, SP; Pitman, RK (May 1998). [en.wikipedia.org]

Several regions of the brain, including the hippocampus, are negatively implicated in the pathophysiology MDD. [frontiersin.org]

"PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEPRESSION: DO WE HAVE ANY SOLID EVIDENCE OF INTEREST TO CLINICIANS?". World Psychiatry. 9 (3): 155–161. doi : 10.1002/j.2051-5545.2010.tb00298.x. ISSN 1723-8617. PMC 2950973. [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] changes, such as in N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline, myo-inositol, and creatine (Cr), and may affect glutamate regulation.15 Neurobiological alterations, particularly on the left side of the amygdala and DLPFC, are considered to be related to the pathophysiology [dovepress.com]

The relationship of depression and diabetes: Pathophysiological and treatment implications. Psychoneuroendocrinology 36, 1276 – 1286 ( 2011 ). 36. ↵ Das, S. et al. Next-generation genotype imputation service and methods. [biorxiv.org]

The role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Mar. 64(3):327-37. [Medline]. Alexopoulos GS. Depression in the elderly. Lancet. 2005 Jun 4-10. 365(9475):1961-70. [Medline]. [medscape.com]

New York: Guilford Press; 2002: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS). Available at http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/wisqars. [medscape.com]

American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 59(2), e39–e47. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7375917/ The code for this study is available at https://github.com/jamietam/dep-model-AJPM/ where you can download the data, simulate how health interventions [ourworldindata.org]

Helpful numbers in U.S. include: National Suicide Prevention Lifeline : 1800-273-8255 (1800-273-TALK) Crisis Text Line : Text HOME to 741741 Local Samaritans branch 911 Support groups and helplines similar to these are also available in other countries [medicalnewstoday.com]

Treatment may be maintained indefinitely to prevent the occurrence and severity of future episodes. [en.wikipedia.org]