The latter is of particular interest in the present context. [books.google.com]

Family history should be reviewed in all patients with DCM, especially in those patients who present before the age of 60. [gwumc.edu]

Acronym CMD2B Keywords Disclaimer Any medical or genetic information present in this entry is provided for research, educational and informational purposes only. [uniprot.org]

[citation needed] Pulmonary embolism[edit] Pulmonary embolism classically presents with an acute onset of shortness of breath.[2] Other presenting symptoms include pleuritic chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, and fever.[2] Risk factors include deep vein thrombosis [en.wikipedia.org]

• Noncompliance

  orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.[2] It affects between 1–2% of the general United States population and occurs in 10% of those over 65 years old.[2][13] Risk factors for acute decompensation include high dietary salt intake, medication noncompliance [en.wikipedia.org]

• Tachypnea

  On physical exam one would expect to see signs of heart failure and volume overload—tachypnea, tachycardia, hypertension, jugular venous distension (JVD), pulmonary edema (crackles and/or wheezes), S3 gallop, enlarged liver or hepatojugular reflex, and [gwumc.edu]

  […] transcribe them (less-used variants are omitted): Group Term Combining forms Preponderance of transcriptions (major dictionaries) good eupnea eu- + -pnea yoop-NEE-ə[34][35][33][36] bad dyspnea dys- + -pnea disp-NEE-ə,[35][36][37] DISP-nee-ə[34][33] fast tachypnea [en.wikipedia.org]

  […] predominance being described in some reviews,9,12 and in the pediatric population it is most common in the first year of life38–40 with about 20% presenting in the neonatal period.40 Infants with DCM often present with symptoms of HF13,39–42 such as tachypnea [revportcardiol.org]

• Kussmaul Respiration

  respirations[16] muscle weakness neurological symptoms[16] lethargy coma seizures stupor hypercalcemia thiazides[16] gout tissue calcification[16] fatigue depression confusion anorexia nausea vomiting constipation pancreatitis increased urination hyperuricemia [en.wikipedia.org]

• Cardiomegaly

  The patient was advised to have electrocardiogram which showed atrial fibrillation with ventricular tachycardia, and the chest X-ray which revealed cardiomegaly. [japer.in]

  His chest X-ray revealed a marked cardiomegaly, while his heart was normal in size and shape. He was diagnosed as dilated cardiomyopathy caused by coxsackie virus B, which was confirmed by serologic test. He died at the 46th hospital day. [kjg.or.kr]

  Chest X-ray investigation showed a cardiomegaly (Fig. 2). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Chest x-ray shows cardiomegaly, usually of all chambers. Pleural effusion, particularly on the right, often accompanies increased pulmonary venous pressure and interstitial edema. [msdmanuals.com]

  […] it has a limited role in establishing etiology Atrial and/or ventricular dilation ↓ Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) Wall motion abnormalities (e.g., inferolateral hypokinesis is seen in muscular dystrophy and acute myocarditis) Chest x-ray Cardiomegaly [amboss.com]

• Hypotension

  The most likely manifestations are hypotension, which may be severe, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia and renal impairment with metabolic acidosis. [en.wikipedia.org]

  They are usually well tolerated but may lead to bradycardia, hypotension and fluid retention, and should be avoided in infants with decompensated HF.6 Although widely practiced, their use remains controversial.89 There is evidence that suggests potential [revportcardiol.org]

• Jugular Venous Distention

  […] congestion Clinical features Most common: dyspnea Symptoms of right heart failure Jugular venous distention Peripheral edema, ascites Hepatomegaly See “Clinical features” in CHF. [amboss.com]

  venous distention, systemic hypotension, peripheral vascular disease Laboratory findings Hyponatremia, persistently elevated B-type natriuretic peptide and A-type natriuretic peptide levels, elevated norepinephrine and renin levels Electrocardiography [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

• Hunger

  Distinct sensations include effort/work, chest tightness, and air hunger (the feeling of not enough oxygen).[1] Dyspnea is a normal symptom of heavy exertion but becomes pathological if it occurs in unexpected situations[2] or light exertion. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Stroke

  Stroke volume is generally normal in early stages of DCM. Progressive impairment of contractility leads to gradually diminishing stroke volumes and progression of heart failure symptoms. [ecgwaves.com]

  American Stroke Association. http://www.strokeassociation.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@wcm/@hcm/documents/downloadable/ucm_312224.pdf. Accessed May 24, 2017. [mayoclinic.org]

  The primary end point of the study was the cumulative incidence of death,stroke,or myocardial infarction within 30 days after the surgical intervention,or death or ipsilateral stroke between 31 days and 6 months. 82例为CAS组。 [dict.cnki.net]

  Join Heart & Stroke’s Community of Survivors or Care Supporters’ Community support groups Sign up for the Heart & Stroke recovery newsletter. Get the latest research news and information, with tips and strategies to help you manage your recovery. [heartandstroke.ca]

  Complications include different types of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, heart failure and ischaemic stroke. [heart.bmj.com]

• Hyponatremia

  "Tolvaptan (samsca) for hyponatremia: is it worth its salt?". Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 34 (10): 543–547. [en.wikipedia.org]

  […] gender, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, syncope, right heart failure symptoms, symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias, persistent gallop rhythm, persistent jugular venous distention, systemic hypotension, peripheral vascular disease Laboratory findings Hyponatremia [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

• Trypanosoma Cruzi

  Worldwide, however, the most common cause is Chagas' disease, an illness endemic to Central and South America that is due to infection by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi.[11] In viral myocarditis, the Coxsackie B family of the single-stranded RNA viruses [en.wikipedia.org]

  Trypanosoma cruzi (a protozoan) has infected 20 million people in South and Central America. [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

  In Central and South America, Chagas disease due to Trypanosoma cruzi is the most common infectious cause. Other causes include prolonged tachycardia, HIV infection, toxoplasmosis, thyrotoxicosis, and beriberi. [msdmanuals.com]

  Chagas cardiomyopathy Chagas disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. The acute presentation is characterized by dyspnea, fever, myalgia, hepatosplenomegaly, and myocarditis. Chronic infection involves the esophagus, colon, and heart. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Food and Drug Administration has chosen Wave Life Sciences’ planned phase 2/3 study of suvodirsen, its lead experimental therapy for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, to break new ground. [globalgenes.org]

[edit] Treatment may include suggestion of lifestyle changes to better manage the condition. [en.wikipedia.org]

Treatment of the underlying disease Treatment of heart failure Sodium restriction ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, diuretics, digoxin See “Treatment” in CHF. [amboss.com]

Treatment is directed at the cause. [msdmanuals.com]

If pregnancy is continued, treatment must be adjusted while considering the fetus.19 Table 2 summarises treatment that is recommended for DCM and PPCM. Figure 2 summarises medical treatment for all cardiomyopaties. [heart.bmj.com]

However, severity of disease and prognosis varies widely according to the genetic features involved. Certain genes are associated with a worse prognosis. [healthengine.com.au]

The prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy varies considerably depending on many factors. In general, the prognosis worsens as the heart becomes more dilated and functions less well. Abnormal heart rhythms also indicate a worse prognosis. [msdmanuals.com]

The prognosis in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy may be poorer than the prognosis for most cancers, whereas tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy can be cured completely by restoring sinus rhythm. [ecgwaves.com]

[…] cause of familial DCM, being reported in 12-25% of cases.3–5 The second most prevalent gene in familial DCM (LMNA) codes for lamin A/C, variants of which are found in around 10-15% of cases.6,7 DCM patients with LMNA mutations are reported to have worse prognosis [revportcardiol.org]

HFpEF With Severe Pulmonary Hypertension Linked to Increased Mortality Patients with heart failure, severe pulmonary hypertension, and a preserved ejection fraction of ≥50% had a worse prognosis when compared with other patients with heart failure and [thecardiologyadvisor.com]

Pathophysiology Clinical features Diagnostics Pathology Treatment Complications Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Epidemiology Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical features Diagnostics Pathology Treatment Restrictive cardiomyopathy Epidemiology Etiology Pathophysiology [amboss.com]

II – Forms A) Etiology The etiology of DCM is heterogeneous. In developed countries CAD and myocardial infarction (MI) are the most common causes of HF, approximating 50-75% of all HF patients. [escardio.org]

A systematic approach to define the etiology is essential for determination of the most effective treatment strategy. [emedicine.medscape.com]

At present there is no consensus on how to classify CMs on the basis of etiology, physiology or treatment, as their origin and pathophysiology are not well understood. [revportcardiol.org]

Genetics Mutations: Q131E; R279C Allelic with: CMD 1CC CMH 21 ● Chromosome 7p12.1-q21; Dominant Epidemiology: 1 family Clinical Onset age: 13 years to Adult Cardiac failure Sudden death CMH 22 ● Myopalladin gene (MYPN) ; Chromosome 10q21.3; Dominant [neuromuscular.wustl.edu]

Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical features Diagnostics Pathology Treatment Complications Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Epidemiology Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical features Diagnostics Pathology Treatment Restrictive cardiomyopathy Epidemiology Etiology [amboss.com]

Rockville, MD, 2000 ↵ Kahn HA, Sempos CT: Statistical Methods in Epidemiology. [care.diabetesjournals.org]

Relevant External Links for GATAD1 Genetic Association Database (GAD) GATAD1 Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator GATAD1 Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology: GATAD1 No data available for Genatlas for GATAD1 Gene Homozygosity [genecards.org]

[…] girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A Synonym(s): - LGMD2B - Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy due to dysferlin deficiency Classification (Orphanet): - Rare genetic disease - Rare neurologic disease Classification (ICD10): - Diseases of the nervous system - Epidemiological [csbg.cnb.csic.es]

Clinical features Diagnostics Pathology Treatment Complications Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Epidemiology Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical features Diagnostics Pathology Treatment Restrictive cardiomyopathy Epidemiology Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical [amboss.com]

Pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to diastolic dysfunction in dilated cardiomyopathy Back to article page [cardiab.biomedcentral.com]

"Epidemiology and pathophysiology of Takotsubo syndrome" (PDF). Nature Reviews Cardiology. 12 (7): 387–97. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2015.39. hdl:10044/1/25730. [en.wikipedia.org]

The pathophysiology may be separated into two categories: defects in force generation and defects in force transmission. In cases where an underlying pathology cannot be identified, the patient is diagnosed with an idiopathic DCM. [software.broadinstitute.org]

Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy: a review of pathophysiologic mechanisms. Heart Fail Rev 2010;15:605-11. 41. Singh K, Carson K, Shah R, Sawhney G, Singh B, Parsaik A, et al. [e-jnc.org]

In some cases, it prevents the heart from relaxing and filling with blood as it should. Over time, it can affect the other heart chambers. [medicinenet.com]

Treating cardiomyopathy There's usually no cure for cardiomyopathy, but the treatments can be effective at controlling symptoms and preventing complications. [nhs.uk]

His research aims to find better ways to diagnose, treat and prevent people dying from this disease, and beat the heartbreak. Donate [bhf.org.uk]

Prevention Healthy lifestyle habits can help you prevent or minimize the effects of dilated cardiomyopathy. If you have dilated cardiomyopathy: Don't smoke. Don't drink alcohol, or drink in moderation. Don't use cocaine or other illegal drugs. [mayoclinic.org]

Nemours Cardiac Center at Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803 | Get Map & Directions » Children’s heart conditions can’t be prevented, but a lot can be done to improve their hearts at any age. [nemours.org]