A “bull neck” may arise due to cervical lymphadenopathy and soft tissue swelling. Occasionally the initial site is cutaneous, vaginal or, in neonates, umbilical. [jnnp.bmj.com]

Cardiac involvement, either acutely in the form of cardiovascular collapse or as an arrhythmia or more chronically in the form of congestive heart failure, is the most common threat to life in diphtheria. [histopathology-india.net]

The patients with DP exhibited acute laryngitis, nasopharyngitis, or tonsillitis with pseudomembranes and were defined as having severe toxic diphtheria if there was neck oedema, toxic collapse, acute renal failure, or myocarditis. [jnnp.bmj.com]

A “bull neck” may arise due to cervical lymphadenopathy and soft tissue swelling. Occasionally the initial site is cutaneous, vaginal or, in neonates, umbilical. [jnnp.bmj.com]

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Examination of the mouth reveals pharyngeal edema, with a silver-gray leathery membrane covering the tonsils and uvula. When scrapings are done, the underlying mucosa starts to bleed. Adenopathy is prevalent. [knowledge.statpearls.com]

Bulbar function was expressed on a four point scale: 0 normal; 1 minor symptoms without dysphagia; 2 moderate dysphagia, nasal voice, or palatal paresis; 3 severe dysphagia requiring a nasogastric tube. [jnnp.bmj.com]

Paralysis of a soft palate, disturbance of sensitivity in a throat, decrease in a gag reflex develop on 3 — the 4th week from the beginning of a disease. [en.medicalmed.de]

Paralysis of a soft palate, disturbance of sensitivity in a throat, decrease in a gag reflex develop in 3 — 4 weeks from the beginning of a disease. [infomeds.net]

However, it was noted at that time that his voice had developed a nasal quality and he began to have nasal regurgitation. [jnnp.bmj.com]

Paralysis of the voluntary muscles of the palate may produce a peculiar nasal quality of the voice and a tendency to regurgitate fluids through the nose. Hypopharynx: Hypopharyngeal involvement may lead to aspiration pneumonia. [histopathology-india.net]

Bulbar function was expressed on a four point scale: 0 normal; 1 minor symptoms without dysphagia; 2 moderate dysphagia, nasal voice, or palatal paresis; 3 severe dysphagia requiring a nasogastric tube. [jnnp.bmj.com]

The autonomic manifestations may include loss of tears on crying, corneal ulceration, absence of pupillary reactivity, poor temperature regulation, excessive perspiration, abnormalities of blood pressure control, dysphagia, recurrent vomiting, and gastric [brainscape.com]

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A 29-year-old Haitian man had a sore throat with a marked tonsillar exudate followed by the onset of increasingly blurred vision with swallowing difficulties and, then, a diffuse acute demyelinating neuropathy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract A 29-year-old Haitian man had a sore throat with a marked tonsillar exudate followed by the onset of increasingly blurred vision with swallowing difficulties and, then, a diffuse acute demyelinating neuropathy. [prohealth.com]

Four weeks after the initial onset of symptoms, he experienced an episode of retrosternal chest pain lasting 30 minutes. An ECG and subsequent exercise test were normal. [jnnp.bmj.com]

Four weeks after the initial onset of symptoms, he experienced an episode of retrosternal chest pain lasting 30 minutes. An ECG and subsequent exercise test were normal. [jnnp.bmj.com]

A 29-year-old Haitian man had a sore throat with a marked tonsillar exudate followed by the onset of increasingly blurred vision with swallowing difficulties and, then, a diffuse acute demyelinating neuropathy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract A 29-year-old Haitian man had a sore throat with a marked tonsillar exudate followed by the onset of increasingly blurred vision with swallowing difficulties and, then, a diffuse acute demyelinating neuropathy. [prohealth.com]

The toxin also affects myelinated parasympathetic autonomic nerves, resulting in blurred vision from impaired accommodation, abnormal pupil reactions, and vagal block. [jnnp.bmj.com]

She notices that she becomes fatigued easily and has intermittently blurred vision. 457. The most likely explanation for her symptoms is a. Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone b. Diabetes mellitus c. Panhypopituitarism d. [brainscape.com]

Facial weakness and pupillary abnormalities are common. The index cases had no limb weakness. [healthdocbox.com]

Of the children, 52% had palatal palsy whereas 48% had limb weakness initially. Median duration of progression of weakness was five days. Limb muscle weakness was present in 94%. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Neck and trunk flexion were mildly weak and there was global limb weakness (MRC grade 4). Tendon reflexes and plantar responses were absent. He had distal sensory loss for all modalities in a glove and stocking distribution. [jnnp.bmj.com]

The index cases had no limb weakness. There is some inconsistency in published studies as to whether cases with limb weakness should be called MFS or Miller Fisher/Guillain-Barré overlap syndrome (our preference). [healthdocbox.com]

It is a biphasic illness with initial bulbar and other cranial nerve involvement followed later by motor weakness in extremities and autonomic dysfunction. [medlink.com]

[…] polyneuritis cranialis a/c idiopathic polyneuritis Peripheral nerve cranial nerve involvement Self limiting painful ophthalmoplegia CAUSES-TB meningitis osteomyelitis skull otitis media syphilitic meningitis sarcoidosis carcinomatous meningitis 36. [slideshare.net]

It is considered more likely with higher release of exotoxin ( 6, 7 ) The classic features of diphtheritic polyneuropathy include sensory and motor signs and symptoms, most notably acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) with reduced or absent deep tendon reflexes [wwwnc.cdc.gov]

Diphtheria is clinically defined “as an upper respiratory tract illness characterized by sore throat, low grade fever, and an adherent membrane of the tonsils, pharynx or nose or non-respiratory diphtheria; cutaneous, conjunctival, otic, and genital lesions [wwwnc.cdc.gov]

Answers Teaching Points Click Your Answer Below Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a gram-positive rod is the causative organism Transmission is only by droplet Neurological and skin manifestations are commonly seen None of the above Would you like to access [knowledge.statpearls.com]