Presentation
This report aims to present the case of a 20-year-old patient with confirmed Diphyllobothrium latum infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
He denied any blood in his stool, but did present with an approximately 3-foot flatworm which he passed in his stool the evening before presentation. [healio.com]
If patients present with abdominal pain and diarrhea, the differential diagnosis includes a variety of infectious and noninfectious causes. [antiinfectivedrugs.com]
Published on Nov 22, 2015 PRESENTATION OUTLINE DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM INFECTION SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS pain above the stomach or in the abdomen (tummy) nausea or vomiting Diarrhoea weight loss loss of appetite SYMPTOMS dizziness insomnia fits Malnutrition [haikudeck.com]
Entire Body System
- Anemia
In Diphyllobothrium latum infection, true: A Definitive host is Cyclops B Infective agent is metacercaria C Produces macrocytic anemia due to B12 deficiency D All are true E None are true Ans. C Produces macrocytic anemia due to B12 deficiency a. [gradestack.com]
Blood examination may reveal a slight leukocytosis with eosinophilia and occasionally a megaloblastic anemia associated with B12 deficiency. [antiinfectivedrugs.com]
[…] decreased) (9) mechanical bowel obstruction (10) vomiting or defecating several proglottids or a whole worm Laboratory findings (1) mild eosinophilia (2) macrocytic anemia ("tapeworm anemia") secondary to vitamin B12 deficiency (3) decreased serum vitamin [meducator3.net]
Differential diagnosis should be made primarily between tapeworm anemia and genuine pernicious anemia. [histopathology-india.net]
CBC is done to check for anemia. Praziquantel Sometimes niclosamide (outside of the US) Treatment of diphyllobothriasis is with a single oral dose of praziquantel 5 to 10 mg/kg. [msdmanuals.com]
- Weight Loss
Published on Nov 22, 2015 PRESENTATION OUTLINE DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM INFECTION SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS pain above the stomach or in the abdomen (tummy) nausea or vomiting Diarrhoea weight loss loss of appetite SYMPTOMS dizziness insomnia fits Malnutrition [haikudeck.com]
Review of systems was negative for fevers, night sweats, or involuntary weight loss. Physical exam was notable for an obese abdomen, but was otherwise unremarkable. [healio.com]
Manifestations may include abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss. Vitamin B12 deficiency with pernicious anemia may occur. Massive infections may result in intestinal obstruction. [cdc.gov]
Infection is usually asymptomatic, but mild GI symptoms (eg, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, weight loss) may be noted. Fish tapeworms take up dietary vitamin B 12, occasionally resulting in vitamin B12 deficiency and megaloblastic anemia. [msdmanuals.com]
- Camping
Intestinal parasite survey of Korean prisoner-of-war camp. U S Armed Forces Med J 1956;7(5):708–714. 2. Cho SY, et al. Seoul J Med 1971;12(3):157–163. 4. Chyu I, et al.. J Catholic Med Coll 1965;9:159–172. 5. Eguchi S.. [parasitol.kr]
- Prisoner of War
Intestinal parasite survey of Korean prisoner-of-war camp. U S Armed Forces Med J 1956;7(5):708–714. 2. Cho SY, et al. Seoul J Med 1971;12(3):157–163. 4. Chyu I, et al.. J Catholic Med Coll 1965;9:159–172. 5. Eguchi S.. [parasitol.kr]
Gastrointestinal
- Abdominal Pain
Keywords: Diphyllobothrium latum | Abdominal pain | Diarrhea [kjp.or.kr]
The patientso main complaints were gastrointestinal troubles, such as mild abdominal pain, indigestion, and diarrhea, and discharge of tapeworm segments in the feces. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
If patients present with abdominal pain and diarrhea, the differential diagnosis includes a variety of infectious and noninfectious causes. [antiinfectivedrugs.com]
Research of Diphyllobothrium Latum Infection has been linked to Diphyllobothriasis, Infective Disorder, Anemia, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic, Abdominal Pain. [novusbio.com]
Common gastrointestinal complaints associated with helminth infection include abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea. [amboss.com]
- Abdominal Cramps
The symptoms are abdominal distention, flatulence, intermittent abdominal cramping, and diarrhea. abdominal distention 腹部膨満 abdominal 腹の, 腹部［腹腔(ふくこう)］の distention 広がる［広げる］こと, 膨張［拡張］作用 flatulence 腹にガスを生じさせる；〈病気などが〉鼓腸性の；〈人が〉ガスで腹の張った. intermittent abdominal [daxiongmao.exblog.jp]
Yoo Case 1 A 34-year-old Caucasian man with no significant past medical history presented in outpatient clinic with 7 days of diarrhea and 1 day of vomiting, abdominal cramping, and chills. [healio.com]
- Abdominal Distension
The main clinical complaints were intermittent gastrointestinal troubles such as indigestion, abdominal distension, and spontaneous discharge of tapeworm's segments in their feces. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Chronic Diarrhea
Chronic diarrhea may lead to malnutrition. Megaloblastic anemia secondary to B12 deficiency results when the parasite disrupts the B12-intrinsic factor complex, resulting in B12 becoming unavailable for absorption by the host. [antiinfectivedrugs.com]
- Lactose Intolerance
Noninfectious etiologies to consider include osmotic (eg, lactose intolerance) and secretory (eg, villous adenoma) etiologies, malabsorption syndromes (eg, celiac sprue), and motility disorders (eg, irritable bowel syndrome). [antiinfectivedrugs.com]
Skin
- Night Sweats
Review of systems was negative for fevers, night sweats, or involuntary weight loss. Physical exam was notable for an obese abdomen, but was otherwise unremarkable. [healio.com]
Workup
Serum
- Macrocytic Anemia
In Diphyllobothrium latum infection, true: A Definitive host is Cyclops B Infective agent is metacercaria C Produces macrocytic anemia due to B12 deficiency D All are true E None are true Ans. C Produces macrocytic anemia due to B12 deficiency a. [gradestack.com]
[…] decreased) (9) mechanical bowel obstruction (10) vomiting or defecating several proglottids or a whole worm Laboratory findings (1) mild eosinophilia (2) macrocytic anemia ("tapeworm anemia") secondary to vitamin B12 deficiency (3) decreased serum vitamin [meducator3.net]
- Macrocytosis
Laboratory evaluation was remarkable for a hemoglobin of 14.7, with macrocytosis (MCV 100), and no eosinophilia. Vitamin B12 level was not checked in the emergency department. [healio.com]
Treatment
Has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions. [drugs.com]
An alternative treatment is Niclosamide, 2 g PO once for adults or 50 mg/kg PO once.[11] One should note that Praziquantel is not FDA approved for this indication and Niclosamide is not available for human use in the United States [haikudeck.com]
Treatment [ edit ] Upon diagnosis, treatment is quite simple and effective. [en.wikipedia.org]
Praziquantel Sometimes niclosamide (outside of the US) Treatment of diphyllobothriasis is with a single oral dose of praziquantel 5 to 10 mg/kg. [msdmanuals.com]
Treatment of Diphyllobothrium is simple with a single dose of praziquantel 25mg/kg, with a repeat stool check 1 month following treatment to document cure. [healio.com]
Prognosis
Prognosis Since the disease is not commonly associated with severe symptoms, the prognosis of infected individuals is excellent. [antiinfectivedrugs.com]
Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type I Tax genotype analysis in Okinawa, the southernmost and remotest islands of Japan: Different distributions compared with mainland Japan, and the potential value for the prognosis of aggressive adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma [kawasaki-m.ac.jp]
Etiology
Noninfectious etiologies to consider include osmotic (eg, lactose intolerance) and secretory (eg, villous adenoma) etiologies, malabsorption syndromes (eg, celiac sprue), and motility disorders (eg, irritable bowel syndrome). [antiinfectivedrugs.com]
(Etiology) Humans are infected by Diphyllobothriasis, when they eat raw or undercooked fish that contains fish tapeworm cysts (especially belonging to the tapeworm Diphyllobothrium latum) When an individual consumes the infected fish, the tapeworm larva [dovemed.com]
Epidemiology
The topics on epidemiology, diagnosis, and clinical aspects emphasize the knowledge gaps that limit a full understanding of these zoonoses, and target where greater research investments on these parasitic diseases should be focused. [books.google.de]
Diphyllobothrium latum From the journal The Japanese journal of antibiotics ISSN : 0368-2781 Other information Language : Japanese Type : Journal Article In AGRIS since : 2013 Volume : 36 Issue : 3 Start Page : 566 End Page : 572 (p. 86-92) All titles : " Epidemiology [agris.fao.org]
Epidemiological studies such as these are necessary for tracking the distribution of different Diphyllobothrium species and monitoring epidemics worldwide. [web.stanford.edu]
JSTOR 280729. ^ Llaguno, Mauricio M., et al. “ Diphyllobothrium latum infection in a non-endemic country: case report.” (2008) Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 41 (3), 301-303 ^ a b http://web.gideononline.com/web/epidemiology/ ^ [en.wikipedia.org]
[…] normally infect piscivorous mammals and possibly birds Although Diphyllobothrium latum is the most common species to infect humans, differentiation cannot be made based on morphology - molecular methods are required ( Emerg Infect Dis 2014;20:1955 ) Epidemiology [pathologyoutlines.com]
Pathophysiology
2014;20:1955 ) Epidemiology Occurs in Northern Hemisphere (Europe, North America, Asia) and South America (Uruguay and Chile) Humans acquire larvae by ingesting raw or incompletely cooked fish that have spent at least part of their life in fresh water Pathophysiology [pathologyoutlines.com]
Prevention
Prevention & Control Prevention of infection from D latum is achieved through adequate cooking of all freshwater fish or freezing of fish for 24-48 h at -18 °C (Box 3). Isolation of infected persons is not required. [antiinfectivedrugs.com]
Prevent, evaluate, and manage diseases that can be acquired in tropical environments and foreign countries with The Travel and Tropical Medicine Manual. [books.google.de]
There are also preventative methods such as proper preparation of fish. [1] Diphyllobothrium latum, An Example of a "Stage 3" Parasite: In The Art of Being a Parasite, Claude Combs proposes that there are three stages of parasitism. [bio390parasitology.blogspot.com]
William Schaffner, a professor of preventive medicine at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine who was not involved in the new study. [wgntv.com]