We present two cases of pulmonary dirofilariasis presenting as coin lesions in the lung, which were clinically suggestive of malignancy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

One should include dirofilariasis in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with a single subcutaneous nodule at any site of the body in endemic areas. [healio.com]

Poster presentation Open Access Parasites & Vectors 2014 7 (Suppl 1) :P3 https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-S1-P3 © Lupûe et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 Published: 1 April 2014 Keywords Eosinophilia Ivermectin Albendazole Eosinophil Count [parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com]

• Surgical Procedure

  The medical significance of human dirofilariasis is due to frequent misdiagnosis as malignancy and in many cases diagnosis is made after invasive surgical procedures. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  A surgical procedure was undertaken to remove the pre-septal cyst and during the procedure a live worm, 12 cm in length came out of the cyst along with some fluid. [ijpmonline.org]

  Surgery Surgical excision of lesions and affected areas is the treatment of choice for dirofilariasis. [7] Patients with subcutaneous dirofilarial lesions can usually be treated as outpatients or undergo day-case surgical procedures. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Veterinarian

  Technical documents only for veterinarians Tutorial Videos Frequently Asked Questions What is the diagnostic interest of the Dirofilariasis Uranotest? The detection of antigen Dirofilaria immitis in circulating blood. [uranovet.com]

  Veterinarian 18, 52-53, 1845 被引用文献1件 6 Tracing the history of heartworms ; A 400 year perspective RONCALLI R. A. [ci.nii.ac.jp]

  All cases were positively identified via microbiological and/or histopathological studies of the parasite, by both a veterinarian and a pathologist. Laboratory diagnosis was based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the nematode. [meajo.org]

  For veterinarians, the most important aspect of Wolbachia is its symbiotic relation with D immitis. This bacterium is necessary for normal maturation, reproduction, and infectivity of the heartworm. [msdvetmanual.com]

• Congestive Heart Failure

  If right-sided congestive heart failure was present in life, hepatomegaly and hepatic congestion will be apparent. [en.wikivet.net]

  Frequent exertion increases pulmonary arterial pathology and pulmonary artery resistance (with resultant pulmonary hypertension) and thereby may precipitate overt clinical signs, including congestive heart failure (CHF). [msdvetmanual.com]

• Hemoptysis

  […] dirofilariasis [ di″ro-fil″ah-ri´ah-sis ] infection with nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria; it is common in dogs and occasionally seen in humans, causing symptoms such as coughing, chest pain, and sometimes hemoptysis. di·ro·fil·a·ri·a·sis ( di'rō-fil-ă-rī'ă-sis [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Pulmonary dirofilariasis, caused by Dirofilaria immitis, rarely affects humans and is usually asymptomatic, but may present as chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, wheezing, low-grade fever, and malaise. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Patients may have chest pain, cough, and occasionally hemoptysis. Many patients remain asymptomatic, and a pulmonary nodule, which may suggest a tumor, is discovered during routine chest x-ray. [merckmanuals.com]

• Painful Cough

  Pulmonary dirofilariasis, caused by Dirofilaria immitis, rarely affects humans and is usually asymptomatic, but may present as chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, wheezing, low-grade fever, and malaise. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] dirofilariasis [ di″ro-fil″ah-ri´ah-sis ] infection with nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria; it is common in dogs and occasionally seen in humans, causing symptoms such as coughing, chest pain, and sometimes hemoptysis. di·ro·fil·a·ri·a·sis ( di'rō-fil-ă-rī'ă-sis [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Patients may have chest pain, cough, and occasionally hemoptysis. Many patients remain asymptomatic, and a pulmonary nodule, which may suggest a tumor, is discovered during routine chest x-ray. [merckmanuals.com]

• Vomiting

  In cats, sudden death, vomition, and less commonly, a syndrome resembling asthma may occur. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Cats harboring mature worms may exhibit intermittent vomiting, lethargy, coughing, or episodic dyspnea. [msdvetmanual.com]

  Syncope may also occur, and cats may vomit. The cause of this vomiting is undetermined 3. [en.wikivet.net]

• Heart Failure

  If right-sided congestive heart failure was present in life, hepatomegaly and hepatic congestion will be apparent. [en.wikivet.net]

  Large number of parasites clogs the right ventricle and causes circulatory system failures. Heart failure signs, weakness, lethargy, shortness of breath, liver enlargement or inflammatory kidney disease may develop as the disease progresses. [genomia.cz]

  Infected cats may be asymptomatic or exhibit intermittent coughing, dyspnea, heart failure, vomiting, lethargy, anorexia, or weight loss. [msdvetmanual.com]

  After developing in subcutaneous tissues of the host animals dirofilaria enter the blood supply and mature in the right side of the heart and pulmonary arteries resulting in heart failure and pulmonary complications, explaining the lay labeling of dirofilaria [antimicrobe.org]

• Vascular Disease

  Pulmonary artery disease compromises vascular compliance, and this, with reduced ability to adequately vasodilate, results in increased flow velocity, especially with exertion, and resultant shear stresses further damage the endothelium. [msdvetmanual.com]

• Larva Migrans

  This visceral dirofilariasis has to be distinguished from the visceral manifestation of toxocariasis (a parasitosis caused by Toxocara species) also known as visceral larva migrans. [ajnr.org]

  Visceral Larva Migrans and Other Unusual Helminth Infections. Vol. 2. 2005, p. 3297-8. 16. Simón F, Siles-Lucas M, Morchón R, González-Miguel J, Mellado I, Carretón E, et al. Human and animal dirofilariasis: The emergence of a zoonotic mosaic. [jacmjournal.org]

  Dirofilaria, Visceral Larva Migrans, And Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia. Sem Respir Infect 1997;12:138-148. [ PubMed ] 4. Cifferri F. Human pulmonary dirofilariasis in the United States: A critical review. [antimicrobe.org]

• Confusion

  Human infection is typically subclinical, with development of small pulmonary nodules that are often only picked up when they are confused with small tumors on X-ray. dirofilariasis /di·ro·fil·a·ri·a·sis/ ( -fil″ah-ri´ah-sis ) infection with nematodes [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Test Your Vocabulary Commonly Confused Words Quiz I went to the ______ store to buy a birthday card. stationery stationary Test your vocabulary with our 10-question quiz! TAKE THE QUIZ A daily challenge for crossword fanatics. [merriam-webster.com]

  D. immitis exhibits a smooth cuticle, which, in the male worm, is spiked at its posterior extremity by longitudinal crests and is not to be confused with those of D. repens. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Although benign, this zoonosis, of which Dirofilaria immitis is the major etiological agent, represents a medical problem since it produces symptoms which may be confused with neoplasia and thus may subject patients to unnecessary thoracic surgery. [scielo.br]

  Dirofilaria immitis - Courtesy of the Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Also known as: Heartworm Disease — Dirofilariasis Beware confusing with: Angiostrongylus vasorum, angiostrongylosis. [en.wikivet.net]

Both patients had normal systemic workup results and remained symptom-free after surgical removal of the nematode. Clinical findings, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management are discussed. Ophthalmic dirofilariasis is a rare condition. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

(See Pathophysiology, Etiology, and Workup.) Plain chest radiographic appearance of pulmonary coin lesion secondary to Dirofilaria immitis infection in a man. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Multiple Pulmonary Nodules

  We present the case report of a human dirofilariasis in a patient with multiple pulmonary nodules resected using video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Dirofilaria Immitis

  Prevalence of the Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs from Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Veterinary Parasitology, Vol. 148, Issue. 2, p. 166. [cambridge.org]

  Keywords: Human pulmonary dirofilariasis; Epidemiology; Dirofilaria immitis; Dirofilaria repens; Brazil. [scielo.br]

  Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in cats in Japan. Vet Parasitol. 1998 Feb 15. 75(1):81-9. [Medline]. Bidgood A, Collins GH. The prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in Sydney. Aust Vet J. 1996 Mar. 73(3):103-4. [Medline]. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  The parasites had the characteristic morphological features of Dirofilaria immitis. Immunological studies produced a positive test result for the anti-dirofilaria immitis antibody; hence a diagnosis of pulmonary dirofilariasis was made. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Six months of sampling and examination after treatment were carried out to verify both the microfilaricidal effect and the preventive efficacy of the treatment. One hundred percent of dogs lasted negative 6 months after last treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We recommend the treatment with ivermectin after surgical excision to avoid recurrences in dirofilariasis. [parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com]

What is the treatment? The definitive treatment of Dirofilaria infection in humans is surgical removal of lung granulomas and nodules under the skin; this treatment is also curative. In many cases, no treatment with medicines is necessary. [cdc.gov]

The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and did not require further medical treatment. In Europe, human pulmonary dirofilariasis caused by the canine heartworm D. immitis is rare. [archbronconeumol.org]

The definitive treatment of Dirofilaria infection in humans is surgical removal of lung granulomas and nodules under the skin, this treatment is also curative. In many cases, no treatment with medicines is necessary. [omicsonline.org]

The prognosis for feline heartworm disease is guarded. The severe symptoms caused by the parasite can be avoided by cleansing the skin, surgery, or the use of therapeutic drugs, such as diethylcarbamazine (DEC), ivermectin, or albendazole. [omicsonline.org]

Prognosis In mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic animals, the course of dirofilariasis is usually uneventful following treatment and the prognosis is excellent 3. [en.wikivet.net]

Prognosis is good in case of Dirofilariasis. 1. Joseph K, Vinayakumar AR, Criton S, Vishnu MS, Pariyaram SE. Periorbital mass with cellulitis caused by dirofilaria. Indian J Med Microbiol 2011;29:431-3. [ PUBMED ] 2. [e-ijd.org]

The theory is supported by the observation that most pediatric cases in Sri Lanka are localized to the scrotum, penis, and perineal regions of the body. [55] Prognosis In general, following diagnosis and resection of the affected tissue, the prognosis [emedicine.medscape.com]

Polymerase Chain Reaction testing may provide a more accurate etiological diagnosis in case of an inconclusive pathology result. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

TERMINOLOGY Definitions Infectious condition caused by helminth ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS Etiology Caused by Dirofilaria immitis Dirofilariasis is more common in dogs Humans are accidental hosts CLINICAL ISSUES Epidemiology Incidence Uncommon infectious condition [basicmedicalkey.com]

Peripheral smear showed microcystic hypochromic anemia with mild eosinophilia and thrombocytosis which was in favor of an allergic/parasitic etiology. [kjophthal.com]

Antigen detection proved to be a useful method to confirm the filarial etiology in the present case. [journals.lww.com]

The aim of this study was to ascertain the geographical distribution and clinical manifestations of a relatively rare among people zoonotic disease such as dirofilariasis, whose epidemiological features depends on prevalence of the parasite among usual [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevalence and epidemiology of canine and feline heartworm infection in Taiwan. Parasites & Vectors, Vol. 10, Issue. [cambridge.org]

[…] have been reported mainly from regions with high canine heartworm prevalence, such as the southern United States (US), the objectives of this review were (1) to describe the microbiology of the parasite; (2) to resolve any misconceptions regarding the pathophysiology [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

(See Pathophysiology and Clinical Presentation.) [emedicine.medscape.com]

Digital images were sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which identified the parasite as a nematode in the genus Dirofilaria It appeared to be dead and degenerating, but external, fine longitudinal cuticular ridges and the presence [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Year-round prevention is advised. Preventive therapy in dogs is recommended beginning at 6–8 wk of age. [msdvetmanual.com]

Mosquito control is the best preventive strategy. Keywords : Animals, Dirofilaria reopens, Dirofilariasis, Humans, Mosquito Control. [casereports.in]