A 31-year-old man with a history of intravenous drug abuse presented with an inflamed subcutaneous nodule in his left thigh. The nodule measured up to 1.2 cm in largest diameter. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

When they do occur, symptoms can include the following: Localized retrosternal chest pain Cough Hemoptysis Wheezing Low-grade fever Chills Malaise D repens Usually, patients notice a single painful subcutaneous lump in the affected area. [emedicine.medscape.com]

We report a case of lacrimal gland dirofilariasis, an unusual ocular presentation which masquerades as a lacrimal gland tumor. Ours would be the third reported case in the world and first in India. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Solid arrow: multiple transverse sections of a single female Dirofilaria in the lacrimal gland. Empty arrow: lacrimal gland capsule. [nature.com]

A rare occurrence of ocular subconjunctival dirofilariasis in a 53-year-old healthy Indian male working in Dubai, UAE presenting with an acute red eye is reported. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

He had no history of ocular injury, allergy or recent onset of red eyes. He had earlier consulted a local ophthalmologist who had prescribed him antibiotic-steroid drops, ointment in the OD and oral steroid. [ojoonline.org]

Briefly, we conclude that a diagnosis of subcutaneous dirofilariasis should be considered in cases of subcutaneous mass in an endemic area of animal dirofilariasis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Humans accidentally get infected and can present with a lung nodule, subcutaneous mass or an ocular lesion which will be either subconjunctival or periorbital. Proper microbiological and histopathological examinations aid in proper diagnosis. [e-ijd.org]

Dirofilaria, from the Latin dirus (“fearful” or “ominous”) plus filum (“thread”), is a genus of nematodes of the superfamily Filarioidea. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Intraocular, subconjunctival, and retro-orbital [61] infections have also been reported. [62, 63, 64] A single case report describes meningoencephalitis and aphasia complicating infection with D repens. [65] No recorded fatalities due directly to dirofilariasis [emedicine.medscape.com]

Dirofilariasis must be distinguished from other forms of filarial disease such as onchocercosis and Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

& Kamimura, K. ( 1980 b) Case reports of infections with Dirofilaria immitis in lung and Wuchereria bancrofti in epididymis, diagnosed by cross section morphology of worms in pathological specimens. Japanese Journal of Parasitology 30, 381 – 386. [cambridge.org]

In Europe, human dirofilariasis refers to a group of autochtonous parasitic infections caused by tissue nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria, responsible for two distinct clinical presentations: Dirofilaria immitis usually presenting as pulmonary lesions [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]