The uniqueness of the case is the extruded cervical disc with hematoma within it presenting at an advanced age and unusual radiological features on MR imaging. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

CASE DESCRIPTION History A 56-year-old female patient presented with swelling of the joints of the hands and coldness of the extremities. [surgicalneurologyint.com]

• Turkish

  Turkish Neurosurgery, vol. 21, no. 3, 2011, pp. 446-8. Joshi V, Muzumdar D, Mahore A, et al. Posterolateral extrusion of C7-D1 intervertebral disc associated with intradiscal hematoma. Turk Neurosurg. 2011;21(3):446-8. [unboundmedicine.com]

  Copyright © 2016 Turkish Association of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Turkish journal of medical sciences 45.6 (2015): 1214-1219. (Level of evidence: 1B) ↑. Lena Shahbandar and Joel Press. Diagnosis and Nonoperative Management of Lumbar Disk Herniation. [physio-pedia.com]

• Skin Thickening

  Keywords: CREST syndrome, spinal calcinosis, surgical treatment, systemic sclerosis INTRODUCTION Systemic sclerosis is classified into two groups based on the extent of skin thickening: (1) limited and (2) diffuse scleroderma. [surgicalneurologyint.com]

• Neuropathic Arthropathy

  We stress the possibility of rapid progression of knee joint arthropathy, as neuropathic knee, even in a patient with less significant symptoms and signs of cervical myelopathy caused by a huge extruded intervertebral disc. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Muscle Tenderness

  Paraspinal muscle tightness and tenderness was present along the whole lumbar spine, bilaterally. Gluteal muscle tenderness was more prominent on the left side, and the manual muscle test showed no focal motor deficit. [i-mri.org]

• Focal Neurological Deficit

  […] presentation of calcinosis Neurological symptoms and signs of spinal calcinosis may include focal pain, weakness, radiculopathy, decreased range of motion, and focal neurological deficits.[ 3 7 9 11 ] Our patient presented with a left-sided L5 radiculopathy [surgicalneurologyint.com]

• Soft Tissue Calcification

  tissue calcifications are historically divided into four types: dystrophic, tumorous, metastatic, and idiopathic.[ 4 5 6 ] Serum levels of calcium and phosphorus in patients with dystrophic calcinosis, including our patient, are usually within normal [surgicalneurologyint.com]

Treatment for disc extrusion Treatment for disc extrusion requires identifying the exact location of the herniated disc — often with the use of medical imagery such as an MRI or CT scan. [laserspineinstitute.com]

In ten patients who were re-examined by MRI after conservative treatment, the size of the herniation measured by T1-weighted axial MR image was compared before and after treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

After identifying your condition, we will design a customized treatment plan tailored to meet your unique needs and specifications. Generally, our spine specialists recommend exploring conservative treatment options before resorting to surgery. [spinecare.luminhealth.com]

Due to the potential disruption of the lumbar intumescence, lower motor neuron signs have been reported as having a less favourable prognosis. [agris.fao.org]

used to diagnose L5 and S1 radiculopathy; - femoral stretch test: used to diagnose L4 radiculopathy; - this test is performed by raising the leg while the patient is prone; - wt relief flexion test: - MRI of Disc Herniation : - Natural History: - prognosis [wheelessonline.com]

Because of this reabsorbtion, “an extruded disc actually may have a more favorable nonoperative prognosis than contained disc pathology.” [ Important ] “Until there is a randomized clinical trial comparing surgery and nonsurgical care, it is important [chiro.org]

Prognosis Only 5-10% of patients with unrelenting sciatica and neurological involvement, leading to chronic pain of the lumbar spine, need to have a surgical procedure performed. [encyclopedia.com]

L4/5 or L5/S1 levels L5/S1 most common level peak incidence is 4th and 5th decades only ~5% become symptomatic 3:1 male:female ratio Pathoanatomy recurrent torsional strain leads to tears of outer annulus which leads to herniation of nucleus pulposis Prognosis [orthobullets.com]

Diskography is recommended only when adequate attempts at conservative therapy and noninvasive diagnostic tests, such as MRI, have failed to reveal the etiology of back pain. [emedicine.medscape.com]

A portion of the nucleus pulposus has protruded into the epidural space Epidemiology /Etiology Disc herniation occur often as a result of age-related degeneration of the annulus fibrosis. [physio-pedia.com]

Página 198 - Orofacial herpes simplex virus infections: current concepts in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment, and disorders in which the virus may be implicated. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. ‎ [books.google.es]

Epidemiological features of chronic low-back pain. Lancet. 1999;354(9178):581–5. Cribb GL, Jaffray DC, Cassar-Pullicino VN. Observations on the natural history of massive lumbar disc herniation. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2007;89:782–4. [paindoctor.com]

Epidemiology of cervical radiculopathy. A population-based study from Rochester Minnesota, 1975 through 1990. Brain. 1994. 117: 325-335 9. Schweitzer ME, Cervilla V, Manaster BJ, Gerharter J, Dalinka M, Peck WW. [surgicalneurologyint.com]

Introduction Epidemiology 95% involve L4/5 or L5/S1 levels L5/S1 most common level peak incidence is 4th and 5th decades only ~5% become symptomatic 3:1 male:female ratio Pathoanatomy recurrent torsional strain leads to tears of outer annulus which leads [orthobullets.com]

Epidemiology [ edit ] Disc herniation can occur in any disc in the spine, but the two most common forms are lumbar disc herniation and cervical disc herniation. [en.wikipedia.org]

Pathophysiology The spine consists of a column of bones, known as vertebrae, which are stacked atop one another from the pelvis to the base of the skull, protecting the spinal cord 6. [spinedoctor.com]

Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of discogenic low back pain. World J Orthop. 2013 Apr 18;4(2):42-52. Dr. Phillip Snell Rehab and sports-injury focused chiropractor, educator in clinical practice in Portland, OR. More by Dr. Phillip Snell [myrehabexercise.com]

Pathophysiology [ edit ] The majority of spinal disc herniations occur in the lumbar spine (95% at L4–L5 or L5–S1). [12] The second most common site is the cervical region (C5–C6, C6–C7). The thoracic region accounts for only 1–2% of cases. [en.wikipedia.org]

"Intervertebral Disc: Anatomy‐Physiology‐Pathophysiology‐Treatment." Pain Practice 8.1 (2008): 18-44. (Level of evidence: 2B) ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Drake, Richard, A. Wayne Vogl, and Adam WM Mitchell. Gray's anatomy for students. [physio-pedia.com]

The objectives of the surgical treatment of IVD are: decompression of the spinal cord, removal of material from the vertebral canal, reducing the edema, pain relief and the prevent future extrusion. [semanticscholar.org]

[…] minus' sign Virchow -triad Use Parentheses water AND (cup OR glass) Add an asterisk (*) at end of a word to include word stems Neuro* will search for Neurology, Neuroscientist, Neurological, and so on Use quotes to search for an exact phrase "primary prevention [read.qxmd.com]

Prevention Proper exercises to strengthen the lower back and abdominal muscles are key in preventing excess stress and compressive forces on lumbar disks. Good posture will help prevent problems on cervical, thoracic, and lumbar disks. [encyclopedia.com]

Prevention To help prevent a herniated disk: Exercise. Strengthening the trunk muscles helps stabilize and support the spine. Maintain good posture. Good posture reduces the pressure on your spine and disks. [mayoclinic.org]

Preventing Disc Extrusion There are several actions that can injure your lower back, so it is important to be aware of these factors to prevent them in your daily activities. [paindoctor.com]