[…] that these diseases can present throughout life. [clinicaladvisor.com]

In addition, patients with sulfite oxidase deficiency, serine deficiency, or GABA-related disorders may also present with different types of seizures. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The classic form of galactosemia is due to a deficiency of the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase, and, if untreated, it presents in the infant with fatal liver failure. [medicine.jrank.org]

They present with muscle weakness and exercise intolerance. [jnnp.bmj.com]

Many metabolic disorders present in the newborn period or shortly thereafter. Patients may present later, for example during intercurrent illnesses. [rch.org.au]

• Progressive Intellectual Disability 

  This results in severe progressive intellectual disability, if untreated by diet [ 8 ]. Newborn screening for PKU has been performed by heel prick since 1969. A low phenylalanine diet is required. [patient.info]

• Fatigue

  Characterized by hyperglycemia, symptoms of diabetes include frequent urination, increased thirst, dehydration, weight loss, blurred vision, fatigue, and, occasionally, coma. [encyclopedia.com]

• Vomiting

  In the milder forms, children initially appear normal, but during infection, surgery, or other physical stress, they can develop vomiting, staggering, confusion, and coma. [merckmanuals.com]

  It is characterized by hypoglycemia or low blood sugar, lethargy or lack of energy and vomiting. [biotechnologyforums.com]

  Several days after birth, infants with organic acidemias may present to the physician or emergency room with a “sepsis-like” picture including vomiting, lethargy, bulging fontanelle, decreased responsiveness, and/or abnormal respirations. [clinicaladvisor.com]

  They refused to eat, followed by vomiting, rapid respirations, lethargy, and coma. Seizures are common. [maine.gov]

  […] hypotonia respiratory compromise/apnoea progressive encephalopathy and seizures clinical picture often mistaken for sepsis Childhood: recurrent unexplained vomiting with severe dehydration stroke like episodes acute liver or renal failure cardiomyopathy [rch.org.au]

• Failure to Thrive

  Later onset of acute, intermittent attacks of coma, lethargy or other neurologic findings Chronic presentation with hypotonia, failure to thrive, and vomiting, which can be punctuated by intermittent crises 3-MCC deficiency can present as a Reye-like [clinicaladvisor.com]

  Infants diagnosed clinically prior to newborn screening exhibited failure to thrive, muscle weakness, and developmental delay. [maine.gov]

  […] to thrive/orotic acid in urineOral uridine memorize [memorize.com]

  In general, infants and children who present with the following signs/symptoms may be investigated for a congenital metabolic disease, depending on their entire clinical picture and medical case history: Failure to thrive Growth failure Developmental [mindd.org]

  Considerations in Older Infants and Children Older infants with inborn errors of metabolism may demonstrate paroxysmal stupor, lethargy, emesis, failure to thrive, or organomegaly. [aafp.org]

• Nausea

  • Other symptoms include failure to walk or talk, seizures, tremor, microcephaly, nausea and vomiting, an eczema-like rash, • Lighter skin and hair than their family members, aggressive or self-injurious behavior, hyperactivity, and sometimes psychiatric [slideshare.net]

  Other symptoms include seizures, nausea and vomiting, an eczema-like rash, lighter skin and hair than their family members, aggressive or self-injurious behavior, hyperactivity, and sometimes psychiatric symptoms. [encognitive.com]

• Vomiting in Infancy

  Persistent vomiting in infancy with no clear explanation should raise suspicion of IEM, possibly a defect of protein metabolism. Presence of severe metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap should arouse suspicion of an IEM. [patient.info]

• Eczema

  […] tremor/asterixis/slurring/somnolence/vomiting/cerebral edema/blurred vision) PhenylketonuriaPhenylalanine hydroxylase (or cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin)Phenylalanine/phenylketones in urineNoneARMental retardation/growth retardation/seizures/fair skin/eczema [memorize.com]

  Symptoms can include delayed mental or social skills, seizures or tremors, hyperactivity, skin rashes (eczema), small head size, and a musty odor in the child's breath, skin, or urine. [whattoexpect.com]

  • Other symptoms include failure to walk or talk, seizures, tremor, microcephaly, nausea and vomiting, an eczema-like rash, • Lighter skin and hair than their family members, aggressive or self-injurious behavior, hyperactivity, and sometimes psychiatric [slideshare.net]

  Untreated individuals may also develop microcephaly, delayed or absent speech, seizures, eczema, and behavioral abnormalities. Early treatment of PKU is associated with improved intellectual outcome. [maine.gov]

  Other symptoms include seizures, nausea and vomiting, an eczema-like rash, lighter skin and hair than their family members, aggressive or self-injurious behavior, hyperactivity, and sometimes psychiatric symptoms. [encognitive.com]

• Seizure

  In monoamine biosynthesis disorders, seizures are rare, but paroxysmal dystonia is frequently misdiagnosed as seizures. Therefore, the incidence of seizures in disorders of amino acid metabolism is variable. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  In the most severe form, infants have vomiting and lethargy and then develop neurologic abnormalities, including seizures and coma, during the first days of life and can die within days to weeks if untreated. [merckmanuals.com]

  This condition shows dehydration, seizures, ketoacidosis, coma, lethargy and hypoglycemia. Maple syrup urine is genetically classified or it can be through the sequence of its signs and symptoms. [biotechnologyforums.com]

  The metabolic encephalopathy is often accompanied by respiratory depression, seizures, and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. [neuropathology-web.org]

  Hypoglycaemia and/or seizures treated as per guidelines See Hypoglycaemia Intravenous medications to chelate or divert toxic metabolites, or replenish deficient metabolites, depending on metabolic problem (e.g. [rch.org.au]

• Kidney Failure

  When galactose builds up in a baby’s system it can damage the liver, kidneys, eyes and brain, causing vomiting, jaundice, convulsions, and eventually liver disease, kidney failure, retardation, and death. [whattoexpect.com]

  People with Fabry's disease eventually develop kidney failure and heart disease, although most often they live into adulthood. Kidney failure may lead to high blood pressure, which may result in stroke. [encognitive.com]

  Persons with the classic form of methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), caused by a defect in the enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, have symptoms similar to individuals with propionic acidemia but may also develop the long-term complication of kidney failure. [britannica.com]

  Type 1 diabetes is more likely to lead to kidney failure. About 40 percent of people with type 1 diabetes develop severe kidney disease and kidney failure by the age of fifty. [encyclopedia.com]

Assessment of Cardiac Involvement in Fabry Disease (FD) with Native T1 Mapping Mass-spectrometry based quantification of biomarkers is a routine step in the diagnostic workup of many diseases at CENTOGENE. [centogene.com]

The patient may require hemodialysis/hemofiltration for extreme elevations of leucine, together with dietary treatment. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Timely diagnosis and early treatment may improve the prognosis of these disorders. Copyright 2011 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The prognosis is excellent with treatment. Children with maple syrup urine disease are unable to metabolize leucine, isoleucine, and valine. [merckmanuals.com]

Standard treatment approaches include modifying the diet and administering drugs that inhibit fatty acid synthesis. Glycogen Storage Diseases. [medicine.jrank.org]

During birth, infants look normal but with time, they can suffer from severe damages of the brain if medication or treatment is not sought earlier enough. This condition shows dehydration, seizures, ketoacidosis, coma, lethargy and hypoglycemia. [biotechnologyforums.com]

Timely diagnosis and early treatment may improve the prognosis of these disorders. Copyright 2011 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The prognosis is excellent with treatment. Children with maple syrup urine disease are unable to metabolize leucine, isoleucine, and valine. [merckmanuals.com]

Prognosis is poor for symptomatic newborns. Children with mild disease usually do well on a protein-restricted diet. Mild to moderate intellectual disabilities are common even in well-treated patients. [maine.gov]

[…] exhibit high diffusion signal MR spectroscopy: single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy may show the presence of branched-chain amino acids and branched-chain alpha-keto acids resonating at 0.9-1.0 ppm, especially during a metabolic crisis 1,2 Treatment and prognosis [radiopaedia.org]

Approximately 50 percent of persons with homocystinuria are responsive to treatment with vitamin B 6 (pyridoxine), and these individuals tend to have a better intellectual prognosis. [britannica.com]

An increase or decrease of almost every amino acid in urine can be due to various etiology. To differentiate between primary and secondary aminoacido-pathies systematic laboratory investigation is necessary. [link.springer.com]

Many tissues and organs are affected in metabolic diseases, often severally, and understanding the etiology of some of these more atypical symptoms challenges existing paradigms in diagnosis. [centogene.com]

Epidemiology The incidence is 40 cases/100,000 live births in a Canadian study [ 1 ]. A much higher incidence of 1 in 784 live births has been reported from the West Midlands in the UK [ 2 ]. [patient.info]

Medium chain acyl Co-A dehydrogenase deficiency human genome epidemiology review. Genetics in Medicine 1999;1:3329. [cdc.gov]

Data from combined studies has involved 2,000,000 samples from routine analyses and international screening programs of roughly 7,000 patients diagnosed with different LSDs demonstrates our expertise in these diseases including precise epidemiological [centogene.com]

[…] derivatives Ragged red diseases (ie, limb-girdle neuromuscular diseases with ragged red fibers seen on trichrome stain of frozen biopsied specimens) Defects of mitochondria, especially of the electron transport chain and of proteins coded by mitochondrial DNA Epidemiology [emedicine.medscape.com]

"Prevention of IDDM: The Genetic Epidemiologic Perspective." Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 34:S101 – S1006. Mandrup-Paulson, Thomas (1998). "Recent Advances: Diabetes." British Medical Journal 316(18):1221 – 1225. [encyclopedia.com]

As a result, we now know many genetic defects responsible for neurological disease, but frequently we do not know much about the resulting protein product and therefore the pathophysiologic basis for the disease. [6] Pathophysiology The human genome at [emedicine.medscape.com]

In those disorders, which cannot be treated, early diagnosis in an index-patient may prevent the birth of other siblings by means of genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis. [link.springer.com]

The disorder is prevented and treated dietary through eating of foods that are low in protein amounts to reduce excess production of ammonia in the body. [biotechnologyforums.com]

Dextrose-containing intravenous fluids should be administered to provide calories and prevent protein catabolism. Bicarbonate may be required to correct acidosis. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Strict compliance is necessary to prevent neurological damage. Glycine - nonketotic hyperglycinaemia, or glycine encephalopathy: It is caused by deficiency of the glycine cleavage multi-enzyme system. [patient.info]

Treatment consists of preventing prolonged fasting through feeding and IV fluids as needed. [maine.gov]