Tyrosine hydroxylase, present in the cytoplasm, is the rate- limiting enzyme. Stimulation of adrenergic nerves increases tyrosine hydroxylase activity. [pharmacorama.com]

Hyperphenylalaninemia is absent in sepiapterin reductase deficiency, as other reductases are present in the liver that can substitute for this enzyme. [jn.nutrition.org]

The catecholamine norepinephrine is a neuromodulator of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system but is also present in the blood (mostly through "spillover" from the synapses of the sympathetic system). [en.wikipedia.org]

Depending on the amounts and the type of catecholamines synthesized, catecholamines contribute to the clinical presentation of carcinoid tumors. [clinchem.aaccjnls.org]

Orthostatic hypotension can be present as well, particularly in epinephrine-secreting tumors 3-5. [hormones.gr]

Elimination of false-positive elevations due to medication and use of supplementary tests, such as plasma metanephrines responses to clonidine, can help distinguish true from false-positive results 18 and reduce costs of the diagnostic workup. [hormones.gr]

The Neurobiology of Mental Illness is written by world-renowned experts in basic neuroscience and the pathophysiology and treatment of psychiatric disorders. [books.google.com]

Treatment with VPA decreased catecholamine synthesis, in a dose-dependent manner, with maximum inhibition 60 min following treatment. [karger.com]

Most can stop some or all of their medications soon after treatment starts. In patients with insomnia, most are sleeping 5 to 8 hours a night after the first 3 to 4 weeks of treatment. [drkaslow.com]

Treatment of AADC deficiency. [jn.nutrition.org]

High vitamin B12 level and good treatment outcome may be associated in major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2003 Dec 2;3(1):17. Hou C, Jia F et al. [integrativepsychiatry.net]

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency: clinical features, treatment, and prognosis. Neurology. 2004 ; 62 : 1058 – 65. 22. Levodopa-responsive aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency. Ann Neurol. 2004 ; 55 : 435 – 8. 23. [jn.nutrition.org]

Defects in dopamine metabolism have long been implicated in the etiology of ADHD. The impulse and behavior problems found in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) appear related to low levels of Dopamine in the brain. [omicsonline.org]

The research tools that are transforming other branches of medicine - epidemiology, genetics, molecular biology, imaging, and medicinal chemistry - are also transforming psychiatry. [books.google.com]

The Neurobiology of Mental Illness is written by world-renowned experts in basic neuroscience and the pathophysiology and treatment of psychiatric disorders. [books.google.com]

Goldstein DS, Lenders JW, Kaler SG, Eisenhofer G (1996) Catecholamine phenotyping: clues to the diagnosis, treatment, and pathophysiology of neurogenetic disorders. J Neurochem 67:1781–1790 PubMed Google Scholar 5. [link.springer.com]

Clinical features, investigation, pathophysiology, and treatment. J Neurol Sci 1996;137:79-88 6. Lenders JW, Pacak K, Walther MM, et al: Biochemical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma: which test is best? JAMA 2002;287:1427-1434 [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

Due to extensive localization of dopamine receptor to brain areas and its role in wide range of functions, dopaminergic dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, mood disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), autism [omicsonline.org]

The role of the hippocampus in the pathophysiology of major depression. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2004 Nov;29(6):417–26. Cangiano C, Ceci F, Cascino A, et al. [integrativepsychiatry.net]

The field stands poised to make dramatic advances in defining disease pathogenesis, developing diagnostic methods capable of identifying specific and valid disease entities, discovering novel and more effective treatments, and ultimately preventing psychiatric [books.google.com]

It works to prevent neurotransmitter over stimulation, keeping the excitatory system in balance. [integrativepsychiatry.net]

GMP, excess uric acid production-- retardation (brain relies on salvage pathway), self mutilation, aggression, gout, choreoathetosis memorize DNA Replication Question Answer Helicase unwinds DNA at replication fork Single-stranded binding proteins prevents [memorize.com]

Selegiline has been added in addition to Sinemet to prevent breakdown of any neurotransmitters formed. Adjunct therapies have included trihexyphenidyl, amantidine, laxatives, and antireflux agents. [jn.nutrition.org]

MAOIs bind to MAO, thereby preventing it from breaking down catecholamines and other monoamines. [en.wikipedia.org]