The authors present a patient with AIDS who had disseminated toxoplasmosis whose initial clinical presentation was symptomatic orchitis and the nephrotic syndrome (NS). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Generalized Lymphadenopathy

  A 33-year-old man with AIDS presented with fever, nightsweats, generalized lymphadenopathy, and a 30 Ib. weight loss. An inguinal lymph node biopsy was performed. [va.gov]

  Lymph node: isolated, multiple or generalized lymphadenopathy. Heart: myocarditis, in the severely immunocompromised. Lung: pneumonitis, in HSCT recipients. [hopkinsguides.com]

• Fever

  All 10 patients presented with high grade fever. CNS involvement ultimately occurred in seven patients, with refractory respiratory failure and hypotension developing in nine. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Disability

  Complications may include: Hydrocephalus Blindness or severe visual disability Severe intellectual disability or other neurological problems Call your health care provider if you are pregnant and think you are at risk for the infection. [medlineplus.gov]

  Toxoplasmosis has ranked very highly in two studies of death and disability attributable to foodborne pathogens. [doi.org]

  […] stillborn child A child born with signs of congenital toxoplasmosis (e.g., abnormal enlargement or smallness of the head) Infants infected before birth often show no symptoms at birth but may develop them later in life with potential vision loss, mental disability [cdc.gov]

  […] miscarriage a stillborn child a child born with signs of toxoplasmosis (e.g., abnormal enlargement or smallness of the head) Infants infected before birth often show no symptoms at birth but may develop them later in life with potential vision loss, mental disability [web.archive.org]

• Epilepsy

  The epidemiology of epilepsy revisited. Curr Opin Neurol. 2003; 16: 165–70. Preux PM, Druet-Cabanac M. Epidemiology and etiology of epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Neurol. 2005; 4: 21–31. [web.archive.org]

  These diseases included multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and malignancies 9. [nature.com]

  Neonatal features of infection vary and include hydrocephalus, microcephaly, intracranial calcifications, chorioretinitis, strabismus, severe sight impairment, epilepsy, developmental delay, thrombocytopenia and anaemia. [patient.info]

• Veterinarian

  "The big difference in the last few centuries is the introduction of domestic cats — a new definitive host for the parasite that probably has contributed to an increase in the amount of toxoplasma those mammals are exposed to," the veterinarian said. [cbc.ca]

  Acta Parasitol 57(1) :7-12 ↑ Bowman, DD (2003) Georgi’s Parasitology for Veterinarians. St. [vetbook.org]

  Infected cats can be treated with the same drugs under the supervision of a veterinarian. Preventing infection. [nytimes.com]

  A few years ago, Littnan, NOAA contract veterinarian Robert Braun, and Brent Stewart and Pamela Yochem of the Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute tested seals for pathogens while trying to assess the disease threat.Their results, published in EcoHealth, [scientificamerican.com]

  The survey instrument was developed from a standardized questionnaire [ 18 ] with input from physicians, epidemiologists, veterinarians, health educators, and laboratorians at the CDC and the PAMF-TSL. [doi.org]

• Infectious Mononucleosis

  A symptomatic infection most often produces swollen glands in the neck and armpits (which may result in the mistaken diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis); other symptoms may include fatigue, malaise, muscle pain and a fluctuating low fever. [web.archive.org]

  When symptoms do occur, they are usually mild, resembling infectious mononucleosis, and include the following: enlarged lymph nodes muscle pains intermittent fever general sick feeling The distinction is made between acquired toxoplasmosis, in which an [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  A few of these also have a mild flu-like syndrome of fever, malaise, myalgia, hepatosplenomegaly, and less commonly, pharyngitis, which can mimic infectious mononucleosis and include lymphadenitis. [merck.com]

  Lymphadenopathy and asthenia may persist for several weeks, mimicking infectious mononucleosis, especially since monocytosis can be observed on blood smears. [dx.doi.org]

• Pneumonia

  We report the case of a patient with disseminated toxoplasmosis who presented with cervical lymphadenopathies and pneumonia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Dyspnea

  A 16-year-old female patient, who had undergone bone marrow transplantation 35 days earlier, presented with dry cough, dyspnea, and fever for 4 days. Chest radiography showed poorly-defined bilateral opacities. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Nestor L MD, PHD † doi: 10.1097/01.rti.0000131756.13179.ae Case Report Abstract Author Information Authors Article Metrics Metrics A 16-year-old female patient, who had undergone bone marrow transplantation 35 days earlier, presented with dry cough, dyspnea [journals.lww.com]

  […] in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). 1 Toxoplasmosis may also take a disseminated form, with dominant pulmonary involvement. 2 Patients with this illness present with fever, cough, and dyspnea [nejm.org]

  Twenty days before, the early symptoms were epigastralgia, fever, non-productive cough and dyspnea. Physical examination: jaundice ; blood pressure 105/65 mmHg, heart rate 120 bpm and breathing rate 22 pm. No mucocutaneous candidiasis was present. [acmicrob.com]

  Toxoplasmic pneumonitis typically presents with symptoms typical for an infectious pulmonary process, including fever, dyspnea, and cough. [emedicine.com]

• Intestinal Disease

  […] to antimicrobial drugs ( Z16.- ) Certain infectious and parasitic diseases B50-B64 2019 ICD-10-CM Range B50-B64 Protozoal diseases Type 1 Excludes amebiasis ( A06.- ) other protozoal intestinal diseases ( A07.- ) Protozoal diseases B58 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis [icd10data.com]

• Jaundice

  Congenital toxoplasmosis may result in stillbirth or abortion; infected infants may show various symptoms including jaundice, encephalitis, mental defects, and eye disease. Siblings of an infected infant are usually normal. [britannica.com]

  Children who survive are likely to be born with serious problems, such as: Seizures An enlarged liver and spleen Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice) Severe eye infections Only a small number of babies who have toxoplasmosis show signs [web.archive.org]

  Symptoms may include: Enlarged liver and spleen Vomiting Eye damage from inflammation of the retina or other parts of the eye Feeding problems Hearing loss Jaundice (yellow skin) Low birth weight (intrauterine growth restriction) Skin rash (tiny red spots [medlineplus.gov]

  In adults, if the infection continues for an extended period of time, chronic toxoplasmosis can cause an inflammation of the eyes called retinochoroiditis, which can lead to blindness, severe yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes ( jaundice ), [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Night Sweats

  In later stages, they lose weight and develop night sweats, fever, and diarrhea” (Baggaley 376). [123helpme.com]

  He suffered pneumonia, night sweats, weight loss, and slept for many hours on end. Around this time, his health shifted from very sick to healthy enough to go about his daily life. [web.archive.org]

  Maternal Illness: F = Fever; L = Lymphadenopathy; MY = Myalgia; A = Asthenia; AU= Abnormal Fetal Ultrasound; H=Headache; NS=Night Sweats; TRI=trimester; Risk Factors: M = Raw/Undercooked Meat; C = Significant Cat Exposure; RM = Raw Milk; G = Gardening [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Visual Impairment

  Among infected children, 33% have retinal lesion(s) but bilateral visual impairment seems to be unusual; in one survey, no child was severely sight impaired [ 33 ]. [patient.info]

  Severe neurologic sequelae were assessed at a median of 4-year follow-up, death was assessed by 2 years of age, and severe bilateral visual impairment was included in the composite outcome of severe neurologic sequelae. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

  […] gondii infection in the United States, 1999–2004, decline from the prior decade, Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2007, vol. 77 (pg. 405 - 10 ) 8 Management of Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy, Clin Infect Dis, 2008, vol. 47 (pg. 554 - 66 ) 9 Risk of visual [doi.org]

• Seizure

  For example, a person who is HIV-infected and who has reactivated Toxoplasma infection can have symptoms that include fever, confusion, headache, seizures, nausea, and poor coordination. [cdc.gov]

• Lethargy

  Abstract A 22-month-old indoor/outdoor neutered male domestic short-haired cat had a history of progressive lethargy, vomiting, and decreased appetite. Abdominal ultrasound revealed an irregular hyperechoic mass in the mid-abdomen. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Flegr discovered that the behaviors that toxo provokes in rats in order to get them eaten—slowed reaction times, lethargy, reduction in fear—also show up in infected humans. [news.nationalgeographic.com]

  The disease has a range of debilitating symptoms, including anorexia, lethargy, reduced coordination, apparent blindness, enlarged lymph nodes, disorientation, breathing difficulties, jaundice, fever, abortion, and death. [web.archive.org]

  No clinically significant toxicity (ruffled fur, lethargy, weight loss) was observed over a period of 3 months. [dx.doi.org]

• Hyperactivity

  The mechanism involves hyperactivity of mesolimbic dopamine neurons, although multiple brain regions and multiple neurotransmitter systems are affected ( Seeman, 1987 ). [doi.org]

  But in a small number of cases, [ Toxo infection] may be linked to schizophrenia and other disturbances associated with altered dopamine levels—for example, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and mood disorders. [theatlantic.com]

• Apathy

  […] fever of unknown origin between 39 degrees and 40 degrees C in 16 cases, clinical signs suggestive of sepsis or septic shock in 15, with progression to multiorgan failure in 10, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in 6, confusion, disorientation or apathy [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The clinical signs were unspecific: the most common signs were apathy, inappetence, dehydration, fever, and respiratory signs, such as dyspnea, sneezing, and nasal secretion. [doi.org]

The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in organ transplant patients is often difficult and is an integration of clinical, radiological, and microbiological workup. [doi.org]

Fetal ultrasound every month until delivery Newborn infant Laboratory workup • Peripheral blood for Toxoplasma IgG, IgM, and IgA (if IgA also available at commercial laboratory) can be sent to commercial laboratories as soon as possible after birth. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Diagnostic workup and management of patients with suspected Niemann-Pick type C disease. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 9, 216–229, doi: 10.1177/1756285616635964 (2016). 76. Hu, Y. H. et al. WDFY1 mediates TLR3/4 signaling by recruiting TRIF. [nature.com]

Since effective treatment of toxoplasmosis is available, the occurrence of this rare form of toxoplasmosis should be kept in mind. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Five mice from each treatment group were killed immediately at the end of treatment and examined for brain cyst burdens, whereas the remaining mice were observed for the next 12 weeks, at which time (day 120 after initiation of immunosuppressive treatment [dx.doi.org]

[…] of Toxoplasmosis is dependent upon the health status of an individual; in those with poor immune system, the prognosis is guarded Adequate preventive steps for Toxoplasmosis may include consuming well-cooked meat and drinking clean water. [dovemed.com]

Although a rare event in heart transplant recipients, Toxoplasma reactivation must be investigated promptly, since early treatment improves the prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prognosis Most cases in immunocompetent healthy individuals remain subclinical or resolve spontaneously. The prognosis in AIDS patients was poor but has improved considerably since the advent of ART (also called HAART) [ 31 ]. [patient.info]

Toxoplasmosis in AIDS may present with extra-neural manifestations and may be an etiologic agent for NS in some patients with AIDS. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] techniques, Paris Publication country France Document type Article Language French Keyword (fr) Enfant Etiologie Etude cas Forme clinique Panniculite Peau pathologie Tissu adipeux pathologie Toxoplasmose Homme Infection Protozoose Keyword (en) Child Etiology [pascal-francis.inist.fr]

The odds ratio of 2.73, although modest, exceeds that for most genetic studies and suggests that T. gondii may play some etiological role in a large number of cases. [doi.org]

Etiology and Transmission Toxoplasma gondii causes infection in most warm-blooded animals including livestock and humans. [web.archive.org]

Folia Parasitologica 57[2] 95-104 (2010) | DOI: 10.14411/fp.2010.012 1 Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, Faculty of Medicine, London, W2 1PG, UK 2 Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds [doi.org]

Published 11 September 2008 Last updated 19 December 2016 + show all updates 19 December 2016 Updated the epidemiology section with information about risk factors. 11 September 2008 First published. [gov.uk]

Therefore, epidemiological surveys remain the most useful way of assessing the relative importance of different … View Full Text Log in Log in using your username and password Log in through your institution Subscribe from £138 * Subscribe and get access [bmj.com]

Primary Entity http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/644569169 > # Veterinary parasitology an international scientific journal covering research on all aspects of disease prevention, pathology, treatment, epidemiology and control of parasites in all animals which [worldcat.org]

Clinical manifestations of congenital toxoplasmosis first motivated research on the parasite and its pathophysiology and epidemiology. [dx.doi.org]

Preventive measures and diagnostic screening methods differ between countries and are related to the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma spp. in the general population. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Fiore, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], and [email protected] [doi.org]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/. Accessed March 21, 2014. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, et al. [web.archive.org]