CASE REPORT A six-year-old child presented with ambiguous genitalia and urinary incontinence. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] and Diagnosis 256 Double Urethra and Accessory Urethra 257 Incomplete Dorsal Accessory Urethrablind 258 Incomplete Dorsal Accessory UrethraCommunicating with the Urethra 259 Etiology and Pathology 261 Clinical Presentation 268 Diagnosis 270 Treatment [books.google.com]

According to this classification; the present case was type II A-2 (complete urethral duplication with the second urethra arising from first one and coursing independently into separate meatus). Clinical presentation varies from type to type. [f1000research.com]

Case Report First Online: 14 December 2010 Abstract An unusual case of crossed renal ectopia (sigmoid kidney) in an adult, compounded with double urethra, is being presented for its rarity and mode of presentation. [link.springer.com]

Due to the rarity of this association, one may not identify both the problems which may present as a diagnostic challenge. [bjuinternational.com]

• Soft Tissue Swelling

  Local examination revealed an approximately 4×2cm sized soft tissue swelling on the ventral aspect of the distal part of penis, cystic in nature ( Figure 1A ). [f1000research.com]

Babies with birth defects often need special care and treatments. The treatments may include surgery, medicines, assistive devices, and therapies. [icdlist.com]

Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

271 Prognosis 278 References 281 Anomalies of the Male Genitalia By RoBERT J PRENTIss With 15 Figures 287 Method of Examination 288 Surgical Treatment 289 Surgical Principles 292 [books.google.com]

Treatment for vesicoureteral reflux VUR may go away with no treatment in some children, which is more likely in younger children and in less severe cases. Antibiotics are generally the first treatment to stop the UTI. [denverurology.com]

Holst et al. have described fulguration of an atypical urethra as another treatment option 11. Our treatment technique in this case was unique (minimally invasive) and successful. [f1000research.com]

Diagnosis 256 Double Urethra and Accessory Urethra 257 Incomplete Dorsal Accessory Urethrablind 258 Incomplete Dorsal Accessory UrethraCommunicating with the Urethra 259 Etiology and Pathology 261 Clinical Presentation 268 Diagnosis 270 Treatment 271 Prognosis [books.google.com]

In partial epispadias, prognosis for continence with treatment is good. [merckmanuals.com]

Prognosis As long as damage to the kidneys from infection or back pressure has not become significant, the surgical repair of troublesome ureteral defects produces excellent long-term results in the great majority of cases. [healthofchildren.com]

: Bladder exstrophy associated with complete urethral duplication: a rare malformation with excellent prognosis. J Urol. 2001; 165 (6 Pt 2): 2434–37. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 2. Das S, Brosman SA: Duplication of the male urethra. [f1000research.com]

[…] and Pathology 254 Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis 256 Double Urethra and Accessory Urethra 257 Incomplete Dorsal Accessory Urethrablind 258 Incomplete Dorsal Accessory UrethraCommunicating with the Urethra 259 Etiology and Pathology 261 Clinical [books.google.com]

Embryology, etiology, and clinical appearance of this rare anomaly are discussed. © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel References Boissonnat P: Two cases of complete double functional urethra with a single bladder. Br J Urol 1961;33:453–462. [karger.com]

The precise etiology of both the conditions remains elusive and various postulates exist. Due to the rarity of this association, one may not identify both the problems which may present as a diagnostic challenge. [bjuinternational.com]

It is divided into complete and incomplete forms and although there are several theories to explain its embryological origin, the exact mechanism of its etiology is not known and no single theory explains all the various types of urethral duplications [jpss.eu]

When deciding the most appropriate form of treatment, it's important to take into account the stricture etiology, location, and severity, prior treatments, comorbidities, and patient preference. [medicinenet.com]

We provide invaluable learning opportunities for attending medical students and research opportunities in biomedical, clinical and epidemiological research across all disciplines. [sydney.edu.au]

"Epidemiology". Medscape Reference. Retrieved 22 January 2013. ^ Mieusset, Roger; Soulié, Michel (2005). "Hypospadias: Psychosocial, Sexual, and Reproductive Consequences in Adult Life". [en.wikipedia.org]

Pathophysiology [ edit ] Ureteral development begins in the human fetus around the 4th week of embryonic development. [en.wikipedia.org]

Prevention The cause of congenital ureter anomalies is not known. There is no prevention. Resources BOOKS Colberg, John W. "Urologic Abnormalities of the Genitourinary Tract." Chapter 21, section 16, in Rudolph's Pediatrics, 21st ed. [healthofchildren.com]

The valve that normally prevents urine reflux is called the vesicoureteral valve. The danger for children with VUR is that a resulting urinary tract infection (UTI) weakens the urinary tract’s ability to prevent bacteria from entering the kidney. [denverurology.com]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Intersex (Medical Encyclopedia) [ Read More ] Urethral Disorders The urethra is the tube that allows urine to pass out of the body. In men, it's a long tube that runs through the penis. [icdlist.com]

Antibiotics A long course of antibiotics may be advised to prevent urine infections until a stricture has been widened. [patient.info]

Surgery (usually via endoscopy) is done at time of diagnosis to prevent progressive renal deterioration. [merckmanuals.com]