We present a case of a young man who was submerged in a swimming pool and was transported to our hospital in cardiac arrest. [keio.pure.elsevier.com]

The presented findings are typical for freshwater drowning. The combination of fluid levels in the paranasal sinuses, in the nasal cavity as well as in the trachea and main bronchi indicates drowning. [radiopaedia.org]

Research Briefs boxes present abstracts of selected research studies and emphasize the use of evidence to guide care recommendations. NANDA-approved diagnoses are marked with an icon to familiarize you with NANDA terminology. [books.google.de]

[…] in bodies of water; theoretically should never be present in a human unless they inhaled water Look for diatoms in bone marrow Validity questionable because diatoms are present in soil and atmosphere, and samples are easily contaminated Absence of diatoms [pathologyoutlines.com]

• Fishing

  Saltwater fish die in freshwater due to overhydration, and freshwater fish die in saltwater due to dehydration. [cuteness.com]

  If yo could see the equipment that is used to harvest shell fish, you would understand. You sometimes have to go down at least two feet to find the clams. As kids during the war, meat was rationed. [discusscooking.com]

  The consequence of this are case reports such as Romlin et al (2015), where an asystolic child is fished out of the icy Swedish sea with a core temperature of 13.8°, is then subjected to ECMO via conventional CPB, and goes on to make a complete neurological [derangedphysiology.com]

  Fatal occupational accidents in Danish fishing vessels 1989-2005. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2008 Jun. 15(2):109-17. [Medline]. Ahlm K, Saveman BI, Björnstig U. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  […] age; [58] [59] a 2008 report by the organization found that in Bangladesh, for instance, 46 children drown each day. [60] Males, due to a generally increased likelihood for risk taking, are 4 times more likely to have submersion injuries. [55] In the fishing [en.wikipedia.org]

• Weakness

  Or you can become so weak you can't move, and you drown. And it can happen quickly, Burke says. There is no visual warning or other clue that water may be electrified, experts say. And it doesn't take much electricity to cause drowning. [webmd.com]

• Cough

  #2534524 grad1980 - 11/29/11 22:25 @4usmlee, michaeericksens: remember she coughs n breaths on rescue, read the question properly. [usmleforum.com]

  Bluish skin (cyanosis), coughing, vomiting, and frothy pink sputum (material expelled from the respiratory tract by coughing) are often observed. [healthofchildren.com]

  […] enters the mouth when no longer able to be kept clear voluntarily spat out or swallowed at first next conscious response is to hold one’s breath, lasts ~ 1 minute, until inspiratory drive is too high to resist water is aspirated into the airways, and coughing [lifeinthefastlane.com]

  The reaction to water inhalation [ edit ] If water enters the airways of a conscious victim the victim will try to cough up the water or swallow it thus inhaling more water involuntarily. [en.wikibooks.org]

  A continuous cough may indicate pulmonary injury due to aspiration. Any abnormal respiratory sounds may reflect aspiration, pulmonary edema or atelectasis. [rescuediver.org]

• Cyanosis

  If the rescuer cannot tell the difference between pallor and cyanosis, treat as cyanosis. Cold skin is a reflection of peripheral vasoconstriction. [rescuediver.org]

  Bluish skin (cyanosis), coughing, vomiting, and frothy pink sputum (material expelled from the respiratory tract by coughing) are often observed. [healthofchildren.com]

• Seizure

  Aggressive control of seizure activity. Seizures and hypoxia are a dangerous combination because cerebral oxygen consumption is increased during a seizure. Phenytoin is the drug of choice because it does not interfere with neurological examination. [thedoctorwillseeyounow.com]

  Within the pediatricage range there are three particularly high-risk groups: toddlers, teenage boys, and children with seizure disorders. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]

  Medical emergencies such as seizures, hypoglycemic coma, and heart attack. Drowning tends to be a quiet, silent act. Victims do not usually thrash. [rxlist.com]

  Personal floatation device was not worn or was inappropriate Seizure disorder Records Needed for Case Review Autopsy reports Scene investigation reports EMS run reports Prior CPS history on child, caregivers and persons supervising child at time of death [ncfrp.org]

• Agitation

  Facilitate management to reduce agitation and activity and to maximize ventilatory control. Elevation of head to at least 30 degrees if vital signs stable and spinal injury has been ruled out. [rescuediver.org]

  Upon rescue, some victims are alert but agitated or disoriented, while others are comatose. Breathing and heartbeat may have stopped, or the victim may be gasping for breath. [healthofchildren.com]

  These patients often present with signs and symptoms of hyperstimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, including the following: Tachycardia Hypertension Tachypnea Diaphoresis Agitation Muscle rigidity Autonomic instability has also been found to [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] are ingested), while long-term infectious complications are primarily related to whether the victim was submersed in a natural or a man-made body of water. [6] Immediate threats include effects on the central nervous and cardiovascular systems (see Workup [emedicine.medscape.com]

A possible cause of hemolysis is proposed and treatment based on th epathophysiology of pulmonary aspiration of fresh water is discussed. [keio.pure.elsevier.com]

Principles of ALS Care provides a succinct and comprehensive review of essentials concepts in ALS assessment and treatment. [books.google.de]

Treatment for drowning begins with recognizing that the victim is in trouble, and assessing whether they are awake and breathing. [rxlist.com]

Brain damage is the major long-term concern in the treatment of near-drowning victims. [healthofchildren.com]

Surf immersion, cold water, short immersion times, skilled administration of CPR are favourable factors - prognosis good if first gasp within 30 min of rescue and there is continuing improvement, especially in children - mortality related to level of [aic.cuhk.edu.hk]

Prognosis is better if the immersion time is shorter; the water is cleaner and colder. Prognosis also is better for younger individuals compared with the elderly. Debunking Summer Health Myths As children, most of us heard lots of health advice. [medicinenet.com]

Prognosis is ultimately related directly to the duration and magnitude of hypoxia. The most significant impact on morbidity and mortality occurs before arrival at hospital. [patient.info]

The rescue team should get the water temperature or an estimate there of, since hypothermia influences prognosis. [rescuediver.org]

Etiology Drowning may be a primary event or may be secondary to events such as the following: Seizures Head or spine trauma Cardiac arrhythmias Hypothermia Alcohol and drug ingestion Syncope Apnea Hyperventilation Suicide Hypoglycemia Causes tend to vary [emedicine.medscape.com]

EPIDEMIOLOGY Approximately 8,000 deaths due to drowning occur each year in the United States, and approximately 40% of the victims are less than 4 years of age. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]

Epidemiology Worldwide, drowning is the fourth most common injury after road traffic accidents, self-inflicted injuries and violence. It is more common than war deaths. [patient.info]

The distinction between submersion fluid type is primarily academic and mostly connotes epidemiologic significance. [emedicine.medscape.com]

"Drowning: Epidemiology". Drugs & Diseases - Emergency Medicine. Medscape. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. [en.wikipedia.org]

OBJECTIVE: To compare the pathophysiologic changes occurring during drowning in cold fresh water and cold salt water with reference to viability. DESIGN: Randomized, prospective, controlled submersion experiments in two contrasting cold liquids. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Award-winning clinical nurse specialist Marianne Baird separates the content first by body system and then by disorder, with each disorder including a brief description of pathophysiology, assessment, diagnostic testing, collaborative management, nursing [books.google.de]

Despite increasing understanding of the pathophysiology of drowning and continuing advances in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and support, efforts at cerebral resuscitation have been less successful, and it is estimated that only about half of the children [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]

[…] and vagal cardiac effects (ie "immersion") rather than true drowning with aspiration of fluid - can occur in very shallow water and volume inhaled may be relatively small - def: at least temporary survival following asphyxia while immersed in liquid Pathophysiology [aic.cuhk.edu.hk]

Pathophysiology of drowning The mechanism of death in true drowning is not one of simple hypoxia but differ according to the type of water: hypotonic or hypertonic. [medicinembbs.blogspot.com]

Salt, the first lifeguard You may not think so by looking at the salt shaker in your kitchen, but salt can actually prevent (or at least slow down) drownings. [lifeguardmiami.com]

This not only prevents oxygen from entering the bloodstream, but also causes the victim to essentially drown in their own fluids. [curiositycomplex.wordpress.com]

[…] of Drowning CDC Injury Prevention & Control: Water-related injuries [ncfrp.org]

Bariatric Considerations section added to assessment sections to help you assess, and prevent complications and improve care in, overweight and obese patients. NEW! [books.google.de]

[…] article by ABYC Master Tech, Ed Sherman Preventing Electric Shock Drownings Corrosion Protection, Anodes In The Water 3 Ways To Prevent Electrocuting Swimmers Around Your Boat Risk Report Sources : Electric Shock Drowning Organization, Ace Insured, Boating [cruisingworld.com]