The clinical presentation of Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome (DMC), initially described approximately 50 years ago [1], is distinguished by a combination of several features that develop in early childhood [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]:

• Skeletal changes - The most prominent feature of DMC syndrome is a very short stature, with standard deviation scores (SDS) reaching as low as -12.6 SD in some reports [1]. The upper part of the body seems to be more severely affected and a pigeon-shaped (or barrel) chest is one of the hallmarks of Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome [1]. Rhizomelic limb shortening is an accompanying feature [1] [3]. Lumbar lordosis, brachydactyly, and broad interphalangeal joints are seen in up to 100% of patients, whereas scoliosis, kyphosis, protrusion of the sternal bone, genu valgum or varum, and limited joint extension are other notable manifestations that develop in up to 50% of individuals [1] [6].
• Mental retardation - The second crucial feature of DMC syndrome is mental retardation, varying from moderate to severe [1].
• Craniofacial changes - Virtually all patients who suffer from DMC syndrome develop microcephaly and a disproportionate development of the skull and facial bones compared to the brain size [1] [5]. In addition, characteristic facial changes include a narrow forehead, thick lips, macrognathia, prominent ears, and macrostomia [1].

Other notable findings are a protruded abdomen and generalized hirsutism [1].

• Disproportionate Short Stature

  It is characterized by progressive spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia leading to disproportionate short stature, microcephaly, and coarse facies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Disproportionate short stature usually occurs after 18 months. Additional features may include a long skull, distinctive facial appearance, a protruding jaw, microcephaly, and claw-like hands. [rareguru.com]

  Normally, there is growth deficiency resulting in short stature. [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

  DMC syndrome may be suspected following a thorough clinical evaluation, a detailed patient history, and identification of characteristic findings (e.g., barrel chest, and disproportionate short stature). [hellodoktor.com]

• Barrel Chest

  A barrel-shaped chest with broad ribs, platyspondyly, and a double-hump shape of the bone end-plates provide sufficient evidence to make a solid diagnosis of Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome. [symptoma.com]

  Diagnosis Clinically, thoracic deformities in the form of barrel chest become visible in the first 18 months of life. [accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com]

  Clinically, thoracic deformities in the form of barrel chest become visible in the first 18 months of life. [accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com]

• Short Neck

  Difficult tracheal intubation is likely (even without atlantoaxial instability) because of the presence of a short neck, prominent, big jaws, macroglossia, and limited mouth opening. [accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com]

  […] femoral neck Short neck of thighbone 0100864 Short metacarpal Shortened long bone of hand 0010049 Short metatarsal Short long bone of foot 0010743 Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia 0002651 Thickened calvaria Increased thickness of skull cap Thickened [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

  For the management of the patient, difficult airway due to short neck, macroglossia, and the disturbance of neck flexion was described. [bioline.org.br]

  […] femoral neck Short metacarpal Short metatarsal Short neck Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia Thoracic kyphosis Waddling gait Wide pubic symphysis Based on the frequency of symptoms observed, the following information may be noted: Very frequently present [dovemed.com]

• Coarse Face

  The common clinical features are short stature, microcephaly, intellectual disability, and coarse face. [karger.com]

• Waddling Gait

  gait, and radiographic findings of irregular iliac crests and flattening of vertebral bodies; autosomal recessive inheritance. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  gait 'Waddling' gait Waddling walk [ more ] 0002515 Wide pubic symphysis 0003183 X-linked recessive inheritance 0001419 Showing of 84 | Last updated: 2/1/2021 Diagnosis Diagnosis DMC syndrome may be suspected following a thorough clinical evaluation, [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

Because Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome is very rare, the diagnosis may be difficult to attain without a thorough diagnostic workup. Since affected children develop the typical clinical presentation in the first several years of life, the physician should first obtain a detailed patient history from the parents. The history should cover the onset of symptoms and their progression, as well as severity. The fact that many identified patients either come from consanguineous marriages or have first-degree relatives who already suffer from Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome makes a complete family history crucial for identifying a genetic background of the disease. As soon as clinical suspicion is raised, imaging studies should be employed. Plain radiography of the axial skeleton, the pelvis, and the limbs is the key step for determining the exact type of deformity [1] [3]. One of the most specific findings seen in this syndrome is the lace-like character of the iliac crests. Small iliac wings, bilateral hip dislocation, a widened pubic symphysis, acetabular hypoplasia, a wide sacroiliac joint and deformed femoral heads are other prominent findings in the hips in these patients [1] [3]. A barrel-shaped chest with broad ribs, platyspondyly, and a double-hump shape of the bone end-plates provide sufficient evidence to make a solid diagnosis of Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome [1] [3]. Genetic studies can be used as a definitive method, which confirm mutations of the dymeclin gene located on chromosome 18 [1] [2] [4] [5] [6].

Decisions about use of a new treatment, or about a change in your current treatment plan, should be in consultation with your doctor or other healthcare professional. [healthetreatment.com]

Treatments might include spinal fusion of the segments of the spinal column at the top of the spine or other means of vertebral stabilization. [rareguru.com]

Hello Health Group does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. [hellodoktor.com]

The complications of Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen Syndrome may include: Severe bony abnormalities Neurological impairment Reduced quality of life Complications may occur with or without treatment, and in some cases, due to treatment also. [dovemed.com]

Dym-mutant cells display multiple defects in vesicle traffic, as evidenced by enhanced dispersal of Golgi markers in interphase cells, delayed Golgi reassembly after brefeldin A treatment, delayed retrograde traffic of an endoplasmic reticulum-targeted [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Initial clinical presentation may be similar, but the intellectual prognosis is different. [mendeley.com]

Initial clinical presentation may be similar, but the intellectual prognosis is different. Similar articles [Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome, diagnostic difficulty due to it similarity to Morquio disease]. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abnormalities, Multiple* / etiology, physiopathology Bone Diseases, Developmental* / etiology, physiopathology Diagnosis, Differential Dwarfism / etiology, physiopathology Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough / metabolism Genes, Recessive Humans Mental Retardation* Prognosis [biomedsearch.com]

Prognosis The disease often progresses towards orthopedic complications which can include lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, hip luxation, deformation of the knees and spinal cord compression secondary to instability of the atlas-axis. [orpha.net]

Export Citation: APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex MeSH Terms Descriptor/Qualifier: Abnormalities, Multiple* / etiology, physiopathology Bone Diseases, Developmental* / etiology, physiopathology Diagnosis, Differential Dwarfism / etiology [biomedsearch.com]

As the etiology of the disorder is unknown, we have used a positional cloning strategy to identify the DMC gene. We detected seven deleterious mutations within a gene predicted from a human transcript (FLJ20071) in 10 DMC families. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology The disease is caused by mutations of the DYM gene (18q21.1). The large majority of mutations identified in the gene predict a loss of function of its product. [orpha.net]

Elsevier Health Sciences, ١٨‏/٠٨‏/٢٠١٣ - 979 من الصفحات Smith’s Recognizable Patterns of Human Malformation has long been known as the source to consult on multiple malformation syndromes of environmental and genetic etiology as well as recognizable disorders [books.google.com]

Summary Epidemiology To date around 100 cases have been recorded. Clinical description Clinically, DMC is characterized by progressive dwarfism with short trunk, protruding sternum, microcephaly and mental retardation of varying severity. [orpha.net]

Pathophysiology Electron microscopy of chondrocytes shows dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, containing fine granular or amorphous material. [accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com]

Currently, Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen Syndrome may not be preventable, since it is a genetic disorder. [dovemed.com]

Atlantoaxial instability-induced spinal cord compression is a serious and preventable complication. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Atlantoaxial instability— induced spinal cord compression is a serious and preventable complication. [thejns.org]

Next Document: Prevention and treatment of the side effects of cancer chemotherapy [biomedsearch.com]

Proximal femoral osteotomies should be avoided to prevent rendering hip arthroplasty difficult at the adult age. [em-consulte.com]

1. Aglan MS, Temtamy SA, Fateen E, Ashour AM, Eldeeb K, Hosny GA. Dyggve–Melchior–Clausen syndrome: clinical, genetic, and radiological study of 15 Egyptian patients from nine unrelated families. J Child Orthop. 2009;3(6):451-458.
2. Dyggve HV, Melchior JC, Clausen J. Morquio-Ullrich’s disease: an inborn error of metabolism? Arch Dis Child. 1962;37:525–534.
3. Beighton P. Dyggve–Melchior–Clausen syndrome. J Med Genet. 1990;27:512–515.
4. Thauvin-Robinet C, El Ghouzzi V, Chemaitilly W, et al. Homozygosity mapping of a Dyggve–Melchior–Clausen syndrome gene to chromosome 18q21.1. J Med Genet. 2002;39:714–717.
5. Ehtesham N, Cantor RM, King LM, et al. Evidence that Smith–McCort dysplasia and Dyggve–Melchior–Clausen dysplasia are allelic disorders that result from mutations in a gene on chromosome 18q12. Am J Hum Genet. 2002;71:947–951.
6. Gupta V, Kohli A, Dewan. Dyggve melchior clausen syndrome. Indian Pediatr. 2010;47(11):973-975.