Brow presentation usually converts spontaneously to vertex or face presentation. The 2nd most common abnormal presentation is breech (buttocks before the head). [msdmanuals.com]

CASE PRESENTATION: A 23-year-old Sukuma woman, gravida 2, para 1 presented to an maternity emergency unit of Sengerema Designated District hospital at a gestation age of 35(+5) weeks as a referral from a rural health center due to arrested descent despite [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

+ tokos, childbirth] Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012 dystocia Abnormal labour from failure of the expulsive power of the womb, from obstruction to the birth passage or from abnormalities in the size, shape or presentation [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Maternal morbidity including urinary incontinence was significant but responded to treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[Article in French] PMID: 5833284 [Treatment of functional cervical dystokia] [Article in French] P Magnin et al. Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet. 1965 May. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

PURPOSE: To describe the risk factors and labor characteristics of Clavicular fracture (CF) and brachial plexus injury (BPI); and compare antenatal and labor characteristics and prognosis of obstetrical BPI associated with shoulder dystocia with obstetrical [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Risk factors advanced maternal age abnormal pelvic anatomy short stature maternal diabetes post dates macrosomia prolonged first or second stage of labor improper maneuver (fundal pressure) oxytocin augmentation Treatment and prognosis Complications Maternal [radiopaedia.org]

Prognosis : guarded to good. Pathogenesis Etiology Maternal vs Fetal (see above); combination of maternal and fetal causes most common. [vetstream.com]

The thickness of cerebral cortex which determines postpartum prognosis of the foetus can be measured by ultrasound. Complications Obstructed labour: with its sequel as rupture uterus. [gfmer.ch]

The prognosis of birth traumas is usually favorable, with most injuries resolving spontaneously within weeks to months. [amboss.com]

[G. dystokia, fr. dys-, difficult, + tokos, childbirth] Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012 dystocia Difficult childbirth, difficult labor Obstetrics A period of nonprogression of labor ≥ 4 hrs after the cervix has dilated to 3 cm Etiology [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Geometric analysis reveals that borderline adequate pelvimetry likely played a significant role in severe shoulder dystocia etiology, even with a small-for-gestational-age infant. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pathogenesis Etiology Maternal vs Fetal (see above); combination of maternal and fetal causes most common. Pathophysiology Deviation from normal labor Stages of normal labor First : uterine contractions increasing in frequency and duration. [vetstream.com]

[…] of 100% oxygen.[5][6] There is considerable controversy over the diagnosis of birth asphyxia due to medicolegal reasons.[7][8] Because of its lack of precision, the term is eschewed in modern obstetrics.[9] Cause[edit] Basically, understanding of the etiology [en.wikipedia.org]

Epidemiology Shoulder dystocia occurs in 0.58-0.70% of vaginal deliveries.[1] Aetiology These may be remembered as 'The Powers' (uterus), 'The Passenger' (fetus) and 'The Parts' (pelvis). [patient.info]

Pathophysiology Deviation from normal labor Stages of normal labor First : uterine contractions increasing in frequency and duration. Normally 12-24 h in duration. [vetstream.com]

The general principles guiding the causes and the pathophysiology of perinatal asphyxia are grouped into antepartum causes and intra partum causes. As these are the various points to which insults can occur to the foetus. [en.wikipedia.org]

(Please refer to the Pathophysiology for information regarding adequate contractions.) Abnormal labor constitutes any findings that fall outside the accepted normal labor curve. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pathophysiology: To characterize a labor as abnormal, a basic understanding of normal labor is necessary. Normal labor starts with regular uterine contractions that are sufficient enough to result in cervical effacement and dilation. [www1.cgmh.org.tw]

Pathophysiology of uterine contractions in obstructed labour The obvious purpose of labour is to deliver the fetus and then placenta, whether the labour becomes obstructed or not. [doi.org]

As a result, the prediction of shoulder dystocia remains elusive, and the cost of trying to prevent one by performing a cesarean delivery remains high. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Data are too limited to support or refute the use of prophylactic manoeuvres for the prevention of shoulder dystocia. RHL Commentary by Melo B 1. [extranet.who.int]

In this infrequent condition, presentation is vertex, but the anterior fetal shoulder becomes lodged behind the symphysis pubis after delivery of the fetal head, preventing vaginal delivery. [msdmanuals.com]