“She is currently disabled and bedridden due to her Eagle’s syndrome. She also has brainstem and spinal compression that also needs to be taken care of. She desperately needs help to get a life-saving surgery,” added Werrun. [langleyadvancetimes.com]

When complex patterns of stylohyoid chain mineralization appear on plain radiographs and tomograms with no signs of disabling symptoms, mineralized and elongated styloid process may be the more appropriate diagnosis. 1. Worth HM. [jiaomr.in]

pain, odynophagia, dyphagia, otalgia and limited neck mobility. [jpccr.eu]

[…] death has been recorded in literature, and it was only at autopsy that it was revealed that the elongated styloid process had been compressing both the carotid sinuses; radiographic films had failed to show the anatomical changes. 14, 15 There is a plethora [sajr.org.za]

[…] or dull pain in the throat, head, neck and face Pain persisting for long durations over days, weeks or even months Pain in the ear on the same side as the pain in the head, neck, face Sensation of something stuck in the throat Pain on swallowing or odynophagia [news-medical.net]

Clin Clin Res. 2018;12(3):89–91 Eagle syndrome is a rare condition where an abnormally elongated (over 3cm) calcified stylohyoid ligament irritates the adjacent soft tissues, causing a number of symptoms related to neck movements, such as local pain, odynophagia [jpccr.eu]

Figure 4: Histology picture of the suspected foreign body showing bone marrow (blue), bone (green), and cartilage (red) Click here to view Discussion Classical symptoms of eagle syndrome are pain or foreign body sensation in the throat, odynophagia, and [ijcfm.org]

Variety of symptoms in eagle syndrome is wide; such as craniofacial pain, dysphagia, odynophagia, foreign body sensation, temporary voice changes, tinnitus, otalgia, syncope and focal cerebral symptoms[ 7 ], it may also cause even stroke due to the compression [kbb-forum.net]

Occasionally, it manifests as odynophagia, dysphonia, increased salivation, and headache. Not rarely, patients believe that they have not properly healed from their tonsillectomy. [emedicine.medscape.com]

For example, gum disease has been associated with other illnesses such as diabetes and heart disease. But Eagle syndrome may be a conditions you're not familiar with. [colgate.com]

There was no hypertrophy of the masseter muscles, which were soft on palpation, and signs suggesting bruxism were absent. The otorhinolaryngological examination noted an absence of earache or atrial flow, a lack of sinus pathology. [jomos.org]

This triggers pain and various symptoms such as earache, dysgeusia, limitation of mouth opening, an intrapharyngeal foreign body sensation, and limitation of cervical rotation [ 2 ]. [jomos.org]

Carotid stent fracture from Stylocarotid Syndrome. Radiology Case. 2016 Jun; 10(6):1-8. 4. Han MK, Kim do W, Yang JY. Non surgical treatment of Eagle’s syndrome: a case report. Korean J Pain. 2013; 26 (2): 169-72. 5. [jpccr.eu]

Transpharyngeal manipulation with manual fracturing of the styloid process does not usually relieve symptoms but also poses the risk of damaging the nearby neurovascular structures. [sajr.org.za]

Symptoms may be due to rheumatic styloiditis and degenerative changes; compression of local structures by an elongated styloid process or fracture of the ossified stylohyoid ligament with scar tissue proliferation; tendinosis at the insertion of the ligament [bjgp.org]

Theories include the following: 1) traumatic fracture of the styloid process causing proliferation of granulation tissue, which places pressure on the surrounding structures (7) ; 2) compression of adjacent nerves, the glossopharyngeal, lower branch of [ajnr.org]

[…] congenital (persistence of cartilaginous elements of precursors of styloid process) or acquired (proliferation of osseous tissue of the stylohyoid complex). [3] There are several explanations for the symptoms, based on anatomical understanding namely: Fracture [ijcfm.org]

[…] glossopharyngeal and trigeminal nerve, temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs), chronic tonsillo-pharyngitis, hyoid bursitis, Sluder’s syndrome, cluster-type headache, migraine, atypical facial pain, oesophageal diverticula, temporal arteritis, cervical vertebral arthritis [sajr.org.za]

Non of the laboratory assesment was performed for the systemic inflammatory diseases, that results in cartilage and bone distruction (such as Rheumatoid arthritis and Ankylosing spondylitis), because of the lack of systemic symptomes. [kbb-forum.net]

These include the following: Temporomandibular disorders Laryngopharyngeal dysesthesia Hyoid bursitis Sluder syndrome Glossopharyngeal neuralgia Esophageal diverticula Migraine-type headaches Sphenopalatine neuralgia Cervical arthritis Temporal arteritis [emedicine.medscape.com]

The case is presented of a female patient who suffered neck and shoulder pain from the combined occurrence of left-sided elongated styloid and cervical disc herniation. [jpccr.eu]

Correlation between ossification of the stylohyoid ligament and osteophytes of the cervical spine. J Rheumatol 1997;24:1575-81. [Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3] [Table 1], [Table 2] [jiaomr.in]

The gross appearance and tactile sensation of the suspected foreign body as well was not suggestive of a migrated fish bone. The histopathological examination report was also suggestive of a calcified stylohyoid ligament. [ijcfm.org]

There is a paucity of clinical epidemiological evidence regarding the specificity, sensitivity, and predictive values of particular symptoms in suggesting a diagnosis Eagle syndrome. [bjgp.org]

Although few suggest that dystrophic and degenerative changes in the hyoid complex of the styloid process might be the cause for ES, others suggest that cervico-facial inflammations, tumours, tonsillectomies and trauma could play a major role in causing [sajr.org.za]

“Most suggest and ask, ‘Why doesn’t the provincial medical (services plan) cover for out-of-country care?’” Scarrow said. “I did look into that, and it’s a big complication and lengthy process. [langleyadvancetimes.com]

These findings suggest that this surgery may be a good option for reducing symptoms. Management of Eagle syndrome No surgery is risk-free, and not all styloidectomies work. [medicalnewstoday.com]

Get immediate emergency care if suddenly experience any of these symptoms: headache weakness loss of balance changes in vision confusion While Eagle syndrome is rare and poorly understood, it’s easily treated with surgery or medication. [healthline.com]

Exertional headache as unusual presentation of the syndrome of an elongated styloid process. Headache. 2009;49(5):776–779. Ramadan SU, Go kharman D, Kacar M, Kos_ar U. Diffuse stylohyoid chain ossification. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2007;13:176–178. [sajr.org.za]

The most common inclusions are glossopharyngeal neuralgia, sphenopalatine neuralgia (also known as Sluder's syndrome), histamine cephalgia (cluster headaches), migraine headaches, carotidynia, myofascial pain dysfunction, impacted third molars, and other [jiaomr.in]

Occasionally, it manifests as odynophagia, dysphonia, increased salivation, and headache. Not rarely, patients believe that they have not properly healed from their tonsillectomy. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] swallowing difficulties a feeling that there is something stuck in the throat shooting pains from the throat to the ear or jaw pain at the base of the tongue pain when swallowing or turning the head to one side a persisting ringing or buzzing in the ears a headache [medicalnewstoday.com]

The syndrome can be divided into two main subtypes 1,3 : due to compression of cranial nerves due to compression of the carotid artery Cranial nerve impingement Patients can have symptoms related to compression and irritation of cranial nerves in the [radiopaedia.org]

The irritation might have alerted her to the foreign body sensation and made her more aware of it. [ijcfm.org]

[…] of the pharyngeal mucosa by direct compression or post-tonsillectomy scarring (involves cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X); and 5) impingement of the carotid vessels, producing irritation of the sympathetic nerves in the arterial sheath (3). [ajnr.org]

In case of external carotid artery irritation, the pain radiates to the infraorbital region. A variety of head and neck conditions should, however, be considered in the differential diagnosis of Eagle syndrome (ES) and cervicopharyngeal pain. [emedicine.medscape.com]

In case of the external carotid artery irritation, the pain radiates to the infraorbital region of face. [ejo.eg.net]

Eagle’s syndrome associated with lingual nerve paresthesia: A case report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;72:886.e1–886.e4. Raina D, Gothi R, Rajan S. Eagle syndrome. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2009;19:107–108. Beder E, Ozgursoy OB, Ozgursoy SK. [sajr.org.za]

While lateral plain cervical spine X-rays demonstrate an elongated styloid process, the gold standard is CT scanning, with 3D reconstruction, which displays the proximity of an elongated, ossified styloid process to adjacent structures. [bjgp.org]