[…] may present unilaterally. [eyewiki.aao.org]

'Eales disease' is an idiopathic bilateral occlusive periphlebitis with neovascularisation and mostly presents with vitreous hemorrhage. A 30 year old male presented with diminution of vision in left eye (6/36) for 1 month. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Recurrent Inflammation

  These patients also did not have any recurrences of inflammation during the follow up period. [medresearch.in]

• Retinal Hemorrhage

  Figure 1 : A) vitreous hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhage, periphlebitis and retinal periphery ischemia ; (B, C, D): shows retinal neovascularization and peripheral ischemic lesions [panafrican-med-journal.com]

  hemorrhages) and 15 healthy controls. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Introduction: In 1880 and 1882, Henry Eales - “primary recurrent retinal hemorrhage”. Similar conditions of retinal and vitreous hemorrhage were described under the name of Eales’ Disease. [slideshare.net]

  […] finally, retinal or optic disk neovascularization and recurrent hemorrhages with or without retinal detachment. [neurologyindia.com]

• Retinal Lesion

  […] to stabilize the retinal lesions and maintain functional levels of vision. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Stock 18 and Gilbert 19 have shown acid fast bacilli in the peripheral retinal lesion and perivascular sheaths in eyes with primary phlebitis. [nature.com]

  Other retinal lesions may be a clue to systemic associations and syndromes. [retinalphysician.com]

  They concluded that periodic follow-up and early photocoagulation treatment is useful in stabilization of the retinal lesions and in maintenance of functional levels of vision in ED. [jeos.eg.net]

• Vitreous Floaters

  Vitreous floaters or blurring of vision, symptoms attributable to recurrent vitreous hemorrhages. 80% between the age of 20-40 years and 95% were male (O.K Malla and co workers) 54.34% between 20-30 years and 94.73% male Rare in more developed countries [slideshare.net]

  Can be unilateral or bilateral.90% bilateral (Duke Elder) 56.14% had bilateral retinal vasculitis( O.K Malla and coworkers) Slide 45: Vitreous floaters or blurring of vision, symptoms attributable to recurrent vitreous hemorrhages. 80% between the age [authorstream.com]

• Background Retinopathy

  retinopathy and retinal vascular changes 2016 2017 2018 2019 Non-Billable/Non-Specific Code Code Also any associated hypertension ( I10.- ) Background retinopathy and retinal vascular changes H35.06 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H35.06 Retinal vasculitis [icd10data.com]

• Spastic Quadriplegia

  Various neurological associations like spastic quadriplegia, internuclear ophthalmoplegia and multiple sclerosis have also been documented to be associated with Eales disease but none of the patients included in our study had such associations. [medresearch.in]

• Quadriplegia

  Various neurological associations like spastic quadriplegia, internuclear ophthalmoplegia and multiple sclerosis have also been documented to be associated with Eales disease but none of the patients included in our study had such associations. [medresearch.in]

His workup for connective tissue disorders was negative. He was put on ATT with steroids. Eales' disease is presumed allergy to tuberculoprotein. A trial of ATT with steroids has been tried with varying results. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

If the patient's workup suggests an underlying systemic cause, then further examinations and laboratory tests should be performed. [symbiosisonlinepublishing.com]

A full systemic workup was performed, including CBC, hemoglobin A1C, sickle screen, PT/PTT, basic metabolic panel, RPR, FTA-Abs, ANA, ANCA, ACE, Lyme, HIV and a chest X-ray. [reviewofophthalmology.com]

In this article we review the signs, symptoms, workup and treatment options of this disease. [ecronicon.com]

Central retinal vein occlusion in a young adult should be investigated for inflammatory etiology (see diagnostic workup, below) because it represents a rare presentation of Eales. 1 Coats disease, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) and sickle-cell [entokey.com]

• Skin Test Positive

  test positivity in the majority of patients. 2 This concept continues to be popular among current researchers. 11 Several other studies have however disputed this notion by demonstrating Mantoux positivity in healthy controls, as well as Mantoux negativity [clinicalgate.com]

• Globulins Increased

  A distinct protein with an isoelectric point of 5.9 and a weight of 23 kDa has been associated with Eales disease, as have increased alpha globulins, increased alpha-1 acid glycoproteins, decreased serum albumin, and increased matrix metalloproteinase [eyewiki.aao.org]

• Retinal Phlebitis

  phlebitis, the onset of ischemia and retinal vessels neo area is often revealed by vitreous hemorrhage. [panafrican-med-journal.com]

  Retinal phlebitis Retinal phlebitis is characterized by mid-peripheral venous dilation, perivascular exudates along the peripheral veins, and superficial retinal haemorrhages. [nature.com]

  Characteristic features include inflammation of the peripheral retinal vasculature causing retinal phlebitis that can lead to retinal non-perfusion, neovascularization and recurrent vitreous hemorrhages. [symbiosisonlinepublishing.com]

  Based of the above findings, Saxena et al.[13] propose the following stages: Stage Findings I: Peripheral phlebitis of small (Ia) and large (Ib) caliber vessels with retinal hemorrhage IIa: Capillary nonperfusion IIb: Revascularization elsewhere/of the [eyewiki.aao.org]

General treatment & Management General Treatment The management of Eales’ disease depends upon the stage of the disease. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Forty-three eyes had undergone laser therapy; their rate of visual acuity 320/30 improved from 53% before treatment to 60% after treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This article describes all these modes of treatment in a young patient suffering from Eales’ disease. [journals.viamedica.pl]

Visual prognosis is good if treated early in the course of the disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] treatment, the overall prognosis of Eales’ disease is good. [eyewiki.aao.org]

CONCLUSION: Patients with a high TST reading and ESR value and a positive PCR in vitreous samples have a high likelihood of having M. tuberculosis as an etiology. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology The etiology of ED remains elusive; some studies suggest that T cell infiltration and certain peptide growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), have a key role in the process of neovascularization. [orpha.net]

Conclusion: Patients with a high TST reading and ESR value and a positive PCR in vitreous samples have a high likelihood of having M. tuberculosis as an etiology. [ijmm.org]

We present such a case with peculiar epidemiology in which the only efficient therapeutic approach in order to maintain functional vision was repeated intravitreal dexamethasone implants (Ozurdex®). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Summary Epidemiology ED is most commonly observed on the Indian subcontinent where the reported incidence is 1/200-1/250 ophthalmic patients. Males are predominantly affected. [orpha.net]

It is possible that the association of Eales disease with both ocular inflammation and sensitivity to tuberculin protein suggests that this disease may be associated with immunologic phenomena whose mechanisms remain unknown. [1] Epidemiology Frequency [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] vasculitis involving the mid-peripheral retina that is characterized by retinal venous inflammation (periphlebitis), vascular occlusion, and subsequent retinal neovascularization.[2][3] A hallmark of Eales’ disease is recurrent vitreous hemorrhage.[3][4] Epidemiology [eyewiki.aao.org]

The pathophysiology of Eales disease is mostly unknown. Eales disease is believed to be a primary, noninflammatory disorder of the walls of peripheral retinal vessels, namely the shunt vessels. [premilife.com]

Pathophysiology : Pathophysiology Mostly unknown primary, noninflammatory disorder of the walls of peripheral retinal vessels, namely the shunt vessels vascular occlusions, peripheral neovascularization, and vitreous hemorrhage Pathophysiology : Pathophysiology [authorstream.com]

[…] retinal vessels, namely the shunt vessels vascular occlusions, peripheral neovascularization, and vitreous hemorrhage 8 Pathophysiology The microvascular abnormalities are seen at the junction of perfused and nonperfused zones of the retina. [slideplayer.com]

Comprehensively updated to reflect everything you need to know regarding retinal diagnosis, treatment, development, structure, function, and pathophysiology, this monumental ophthalmology reference work equips you with expert answers to virtually any [books.google.com]

Pathophysiology The pathophysiology of Eales disease is mostly unknown. Eales disease is believed to be a primary, noninflammatory disorder of the walls of peripheral retinal vessels, namely the shunt vessels. [emedicine.medscape.com]

CONCLUSION: Early vitrectomy in established cases of Eales' disease provides satisfactory results and helps in preventing complications, which are difficult to treat. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]