Author information 1 Special Care Baby Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK. [email protected] Abstract We present a case of non-immune hydrops fetalis presenting acutely in the third trimester caused by echovirus infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Generalized Disease of the Newborn Neonates often present with an illness resembling bacterial sepsis, with fever, irritability, and lethargy. [doctorslounge.com]

Patients present acutely or subacutely with headache. Fever, chills, and meningismus may or may not be present. Encephalitis due to echoviruses has also been reported. Symptoms may be mild or severe and be associated with seizures or coma. [visualdx.com]

• Fever

  Common symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, fever, and weakness. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Generalized Disease of the Newborn Neonates often present with an illness resembling bacterial sepsis, with fever, irritability, and lethargy. [doctorslounge.com]

  Patients have sore throat and fever. Vesicles are present in the oral cavity. Vesicular and papular lesions are also seen on the extensor surfaces of the hands and feet. [visualdx.com]

  ECHO vi·rus an enterovirus from a large group of unrelated viruses belonging to the Picornaviridae, isolated from humans; although many inapparent infections occur, certain serotypes are associated with fever and aseptic meningitis, and some appear to [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Fever, intestinal infection and skin rash symptoms can be accompanied by other infectious disease symptoms depending on the severity of your infection. [healthblurbs.com]

• Weakness

  Common symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, fever, and weakness. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Enteroviruses can also produce the Guillian-Barr é syndrome, which involves weakness and paralysis of the extremities and even the muscles of respiration. [encyclopedia.com]

  One additional complication is the post-polio syndrome in which weakness suddenly worsens many years or even decades after the initial illness. This can be accompanied by pain and general fatigue. [infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com]

  […] serotypes ( 1-9, 11-27, 29-30) SECTION II - HEALTH HAZARD PATHOGENICITY: Most infections are subclinical; clinical manifestations vary from mild to lethal and acute to chronic; associated with aseptic meningitis (mostly serotypes 2,5,6,7 and 9), muscle weakness [msdsonline.com]

• Fatigue

  A 2007 study suggested that acute respiratory or gastrointestinal infections associated with enterovirus may be a factor in chronic fatigue syndrome. [getwellstaywellathome.com]

  This can be accompanied by pain and general fatigue. Management of post-polio syndrome is supportive, with pain control and a regular but non-strenuous exercise or physical therapy regimen. [infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com]

  Chronic fatigue. Liver inflammation (hepatitis). Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis). Diabetes. Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy) . [patient.info]

  Table 1 Symptoms Were Observed in All Patients with Aseptic Meningitis (57 Cases ) and Patients of which with Enterovirus Meningitis (34 Cases) Symptoms Total, % Enterovirus, % Fever 82 78 Seizures 46 44 Vomiting 46 44 Fatigue 28 16 Diarrhea 28 22 Neck [jjmicrobiol.com]

• Movement Disorder

  Pharyngitis and other symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection are often present. [8] Complications such as febrile seizures, lethargy, coma, and movement disorders are reported in 5%-10% of cases and may overlap with an encephalitis-type illness [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Sore Throat

  Patients have sore throat and fever. Vesicles are present in the oral cavity. Vesicular and papular lesions are also seen on the extensor surfaces of the hands and feet. [visualdx.com]

  Herpangina Herpangina is usually caused by coxsackievirus A and presents as acute-onset fever, sore throat, dysphagia, and grayish-white papulovesicular lesions on an erythematous base that ulcerate. [doctorslounge.com]

  Sore throat and dysphagia are the prominent symptoms and precede the appearance of the oral lesions. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  throat, bronchitis, bronchiolitis Echovirus respiratory tract infections will cause similar symptoms to those of rhinovirus, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. [healthblurbs.com]

  Symptoms include fever, muscle pain, sore throat, gastrointestinal distress, and headache. Abdominal discomfort may also be reported in some patients. Enteroviruses are by far the most common causes of aseptic meningitis in children. [getwellstaywellathome.com]

• Cough

  Symptoms may include sore throat, coryza, and cough. Some echoviruses can cause severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants. Echoviruses are frequently associated with rashes. [visualdx.com]

  Respiratory illness Echovirus, similar to many enteroviruses, may be associated with pyrexial illness (the so-called summer grippe), with sore throat, cough, or coryza. Echovirus 11 can be associated with croup. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  It is a good idea to cover the mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing and to avoid contact with other people who are coughing and sneezing. [humanillnesses.com]

  Symptoms Symptoms depend on the site of infection and may include: Croup (breathing difficulty and harsh cough) Mouth sores Skin rashes Sore throat Chest pain if the infection affects the heart muscle or sac-like covering around the heart (pericarditis [account.allinahealth.org]

  Symptoms depend on the site of infection and may include: Croup (breathing difficulty and harsh cough) Mouth sores Skin rashes Sore throat Exams and Tests Because the illness is often mild and has no specific treatment, testing for echovirus is often [nicklauschildrens.org]

• Common Cold

  cold, sore throat, bronchitis, bronchiolitis Echovirus respiratory tract infections will cause similar symptoms to those of rhinovirus, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. [healthblurbs.com]

  (Rhinoviruses are often responsible for causing the common cold.) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that there are 10 to 15 million enterovirus infections in the United States each year that cause noticeable symptoms. [healthline.com]

  However, it is now known that echoviruses can cause a number of different diseases, including rashes, diarrhea, respiratory infections (such as the common cold, sore throat, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis), muscle inflammation, meningitis, encephalitis [medicinenet.com]

  An Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan virus or ECHOvirus is a type of RNA-virus (a similar structure to the common cold ). The virus enters the body through the digestive tract, replicates in the intestines, and then spreads to the rest of the body. [house.wikia.com]

  Viruses cause familiar infectious diseases such as the common cold, flu and warts. They also cause severe illnesses such as HIV/AIDS, smallpox, and Ebola. Viruses are like hijackers. [icdlist.com]

• Pharyngitis

  Symptoms include elevated temperature, pharyngitis, and dysphagia. It is commonly observed in summer outbreaks involving younger children, often younger than 10 years, and less common in adolescents and young adults. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Echovirus pathogens can cause a broad range of health conditions and symptoms, like: croup diarrhea myositis paralysis herpangina pneumonia pericarditis pleurodynia myocarditis encephalitis neonatal sepsis viral meningitis viral pharyngitis respiratory [healthblurbs.com]

  These patients were afflicted consecutively with febrile illnesses, and ECHO 9 virus was isolated from the pharyngeal secretions of both patients. [annals.org]

  In addition to tissue samples such as brain, lung, liver, lymph nodes, and heart muscle, other samples including feces, intestinal contents, intestinal wall, cerebrospinal fluid, cutaneous vesicle fluid, and pharyngeal swab may be collected for viral [nature.com]

• Dyspnea

  Symptoms consist of fever with dyspnea (shortness of breath) and chest pain. Arrhythmias, heart failure, and myocardial infarction have also been reported. Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (eye) can be caused by enteroviruses. [getwellstaywellathome.com]

• Vomiting

  Echovirus 30 was isolated from the case who vomited into the pool and from six other cases. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Nausea and vomiting are also common. Pleurodynia (Bornholm Disease) Patients with pleurodynia present with an acute onset of fever and spasms of pleuritic chest or upper abdominal pain. [doctorslounge.com]

  Symptoms included fever, headache, vomiting and stiff neck. Three of the four boys attended the same primary school, while the fourth lived near that school. All four were admitted to the Kiryu Kosei General Hospital. [journals.lww.com]

  Herpangina begins abruptly with fevers as high as 104 F and is associated with nonpersistent vomiting, myalgia, and headache. Sore throat and dysphagia are the prominent symptoms and precede the appearance of the oral lesions. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  In general, enteroviruses cause febrile illnesses, which are often accompanied by a viral exanthem, vomiting, diarrhea, and malaise. [pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]

• Nausea

  Nausea and vomiting are also common. Pleurodynia (Bornholm Disease) Patients with pleurodynia present with an acute onset of fever and spasms of pleuritic chest or upper abdominal pain. [doctorslounge.com]

  […] include: Croup (breathing difficulty and harsh cough) Mouth sores Skin rashes Sore throat Chest pain if the infection affects the heart muscle or sac-like covering around the heart (pericarditis) Severe headache, mental status changes, fever and chills, nausea [account.allinahealth.org]

  […] it travels to regional lymph nodes and central nervous system Prognosis most infections with echovirus are asymptomatic neonates with aseptic meningitis are at highest risk of death with mortality up to 10% Presentation Symptoms prodrome with fever, nausea [medbullets.com]

  Pleurodynia is characerized by severe paroxysmal pain in the chest and abdomen, along with fever, and sometimes nausea, headache, and emesis. Pericarditis and/or myocarditis (inflammation of heart) are typically caused by enteroviruses. [getwellstaywellathome.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  Pleurodynia (Bornholm Disease) Patients with pleurodynia present with an acute onset of fever and spasms of pleuritic chest or upper abdominal pain. Chest pain is more frequent in adults, and abdominal pain is more common in children. [doctorslounge.com]

  Coxsackie viruses cause sore throat or fever with chest or abdominal pains. [britannica.com]

  Pleurodynia: Pleurodynia is typified by the abrupt onset of chest and abdominal pain and spasms. Commonly caused by coxsackie A and echoviruses, this is more common in teens and adults. Most people have symptoms for 4-6 days. [pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]

  Although some children with enteroviral infections may have no signs and symptoms, other youngsters can develop a high fever as well as a wide range of other symptoms, including a sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, skin eruptions, eye inflammation [healthychildren.org]

  Most people have a high temperature (fever), and you might also have headache, generally aching muscles, cough, sore throat, abdominal pain or diarrhoea. [patient.info]

• Dysphagia

  Sore throat and dysphagia are the prominent symptoms and precede the appearance of the oral lesions. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Herpangina Herpangina is usually caused by coxsackievirus A and presents as acute-onset fever, sore throat, dysphagia, and grayish-white papulovesicular lesions on an erythematous base that ulcerate. [doctorslounge.com]

  Herpangina is caused by Coxsackie A virus and results in a vesicular rash in the oral cavity and on the pharynx, along with high fever, sore throat, malaise, and often dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), loss of appetite, back pain, and headache. [getwellstaywellathome.com]

• Chest Pain

  Common symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, fever, and weakness. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Chest pain is more frequent in adults, and abdominal pain is more common in children. Myocarditis and Pericarditis Enteroviruses are estimated to cause up to one-third of cases of acute myocarditis. [doctorslounge.com]

  When to Call Your Pediatrician Call your pediatrician if your child complains of neck pain, chest pain, difficulty breathing, listlessness, or lethargy. [healthychildren.org]

  Symptoms Symptoms depend on the site of infection and may include: Croup (breathing difficulty and harsh cough) Mouth sores Skin rashes Sore throat Chest pain if the infection affects the heart muscle or sac-like covering around the heart (pericarditis [account.allinahealth.org]

  Symptoms depend on the site of infection and may include: Croup (breathing difficulty and harsh cough) Mouth sores Skin rashes Sore throat Chest pain if the infection affects the heart muscle or sac-like covering around the heart (pericarditis) Severe [medlineplus.gov]

• Myalgia

  Fever and myalgias with clinical defervescence followed by reappearance of fever and headache herald the onset of meningitis, similar to what is observed in poliomyelitis. Meningismus, when present, varies from mild to severe. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Other names for Bornholm disease are epidemic pleurodynia or epidemic myalgia. Bornholm disease symptoms The main symptom is pain in the lower part of the chest (pleurodynia) or the upper part of the tummy (abdomen). [patient.info]

  Rawlings, 2004 10 Neurotropic Viral Infections Echovirus infections may also result in paralysis, encephalitis, neonatal sepsis, exanthema, respiratory disease, myalgia, and myocarditis. [educalingo.com]

  Other systemic features of myalgia and arthralgia were also typical. 1 The laboratory findings were also consistent with viral meningitis. [health.gov.au]

• Eruptions

  This is followed over the course of hours to days by an eruption on the soft palate, uvula, and tonsils. The eruption begins as macules that progress to papules and then to vesicles. [visualdx.com]

  Rubelliform eruption ( rash looks like rubella ): E2 Morbilliform eruption ( rash looks like measles ): E6, E11, E25 Petechiae (tiny purple spots or purpura ): E11, E19 Punctate macular eruption : E19 A vesicular eruption (blisters): E11 Eczema coxsackium [dermnetnz.org]

  Zoster-like eruption due to echovirus 6. Am J Dis Child 1979; 133 : 283–4. 21 Foreman RE, Guiterrez A. Aseptic meningitis associated with echovirus type 6 and 9 infections in Carlsbad, New Mexico. [nature.com]

  Although some children with enteroviral infections may have no signs and symptoms, other youngsters can develop a high fever as well as a wide range of other symptoms, including a sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, skin eruptions, eye inflammation [healthychildren.org]

  Enteric Viruses Laboratory, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil Correspondence to SUMMARY Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious enteroviral infection occurring primarily in children and characterized by vesicular palmoplantar eruptions [scielo.br]

• Meningism

  […] pl. echovi·ruses Any of various enteroviruses of the gastrointestinal tract associated with certain diseases, such as viral meningitis, mild respiratory infections, and severe diarrhea in newborns. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Keywords: Echovirus 33; meningitis; Japan Williams & Wilkins 1997. All Rights Reserved. [journals.lww.com]

  Echoviral meningitis may have a biphasic pattern. Fever and myalgias with clinical defervescence followed by reappearance of fever and headache herald the onset of meningitis, similar to what is observed in poliomyelitis. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Aseptic Meningitis and Encephalitis Enteroviruses are the cause of up to 90% of cases of aseptic meningitis in children and young adults in which an etiologic agent can be identified. [doctorslounge.com]

  [Article in Hebrew] Abstract Infection with Echovirus 11 is mostly asymptomatic, but it may cause a wide variety of clinical diseases, from gastroenteritis to serious diseases such as meningitis and myocarditis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Headache

  Abstract Forty-six people became ill with vomiting, diarrhoea and headache within days of an outdoor swimming pool opening for the summer season in a small seaside village. During the weekend of the outbreak, 185 tickets to the pool had been sold. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Patients present acutely or subacutely with headache. Fever, chills, and meningismus may or may not be present. Encephalitis due to echoviruses has also been reported. Symptoms may be mild or severe and be associated with seizures or coma. [visualdx.com]

  Fever and myalgias with clinical defervescence followed by reappearance of fever and headache herald the onset of meningitis, similar to what is observed in poliomyelitis. Meningismus, when present, varies from mild to severe. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Patients with aseptic meningitis typically present with an acute onset of fever, chills, headache, photophobia, and pain on eye movement. Nausea and vomiting are also common. [doctorslounge.com]

  Symptoms included fever, headache, vomiting and stiff neck. Three of the four boys attended the same primary school, while the fourth lived near that school. All four were admitted to the Kiryu Kosei General Hospital. [journals.lww.com]

• Seizure

  Symptoms include lethargy, drowsiness, personality changes, seizures, paresis, and coma. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Symptoms may be mild or severe and be associated with seizures or coma. There has been an association made between echoviruses and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Echoviruses can cause pleurodynia (an acute infection of skeletal muscle). [visualdx.com]

  […] meningitis distinguishing factor CSF with decreased glucose and increased protein Treatment Management approach mainstay of treatment is supportive care Conservative supportive care indication all patients modalities hemodynamic support Complications Seizures [medbullets.com]

  CASE REPORT A full-term boy appropriate for his gestational age was born via caesarian section to a 26-year-old G 1 P 0 Latin American woman who had a medical history of a well-controlled seizure disorder for which she was receiving carbamazepine. [nature.com]

  More frequent observable symptoms of aseptic meningitis in these patients included fever (78%), seizures (44%), vomiting (44%), and other symptoms that are shown in Table 1. [jjmicrobiol.com]

• Guillain-Barré Syndrome

  There has been an association made between echoviruses and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Echoviruses can cause pleurodynia (an acute infection of skeletal muscle). Patients have fever and sharp pain in the chest and upper abdomen. [visualdx.com]

  Guillain-Barré syndrome has been reported rarely in patients infected with echovirus serotypes 6, 7, [20] and 22. Transverse myelitis has been reported with echovirus 2, 5, 18, [21] 19, 25, and 30 [22]. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Lethargy

  Symptoms include lethargy, drowsiness, personality changes, seizures, paresis, and coma. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Generalized Disease of the Newborn Neonates often present with an illness resembling bacterial sepsis, with fever, irritability, and lethargy. [doctorslounge.com]

  When to Call Your Pediatrician Call your pediatrician if your child complains of neck pain, chest pain, difficulty breathing, listlessness, or lethargy. [healthychildren.org]

There aren’t currently any antiviral treatments available for echovirus infection, but research is being conducted on possible treatments. Usually, there are no long-term complications. [healthline.com]

Form a definitive diagnosis and create the best treatment plans possible using evidence-based recommendations and expert guidance from world authorities. [books.google.de]

It recovered after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. Echovirus 11 may cause life-threatening infections in small infants. Pediatricians should be alert to the special characteristics of this disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Since no specific antiviral drug is available and echovirus tends to resolve on its own, any necessary treatment focuses on palliative care of your fever, intestinal infection and skin rash symptoms. [healthblurbs.com]

Special attention is given to the prevention and treatment of these diseases found in developing countries as well as the latest findings about new antimicrobial agents, gram-negative infections and their management, and recommendations for immunization [books.google.com]

Prognosis for neonates with enterovirus hepatitis and coagulopathy. Pediatr Infec Dis J. 2001;20:758–763. 2. Chen CA, Tsao PN, Chou HC, Hsieh WS, Huang LM. Severe echovirus 30 infection in twin neonates. J Formos Med Assoc. 2003;102:59–61. 3. [journals.lww.com]

Abnormal Bile Acid Metabolism and Neonatal Hemochromatosis: A Subset with Poor Prognosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1997;25(3):321-6. Shneider BL, Setchell KD, Whitington PF, Neilson KA, Suchy FJ. [ama.ba]

ECHO virus can be identified from: Rectal culture Spinal fluid culture Stool culture Throat culture Outlook (Prognosis) People who have the less severe types of illness should recover completely without treatment. [account.allinahealth.org]

Outlook (Prognosis) People who have the less severe types of illness should recover completely without treatment. Infections of organs such as the heart may cause severe disease and can be deadly. [nicklauschildrens.org]

[…] immunosuppressed status exposure to others with echovirus public swimming pool Pathogenesis echovirus binds to decay-accelerating factor, a receptor the virus then replicates in Peyer’s patches it travels to regional lymph nodes and central nervous system Prognosis [medbullets.com]

Laboratory results obtained showed a white blood cell count of 18.500/μL (31% segmented neutrophils, 20% band forms, 12% metamyelocytes), C-reactive protein (CPR) Potential indicators of an enteroviral etiology 1 include presentation during summer and [journals.lww.com]

Aseptic Meningitis and Encephalitis Enteroviruses are the cause of up to 90% of cases of aseptic meningitis in children and young adults in which an etiologic agent can be identified. [doctorslounge.com]

Etiology of Multiple Non-EV71 and Non-CVA16 Enteroviruses Associated with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Jinan, China, 2009-June 2013. PLoS One. 2015. 10 (11):e0142733. [Medline]. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Seventy-five cases of IUFD of unknown etiology during a five-year period were retrospectively tested for enterovirus in the amniotic fluid samples. [virologyj.biomedcentral.com]

The epidemiologic features of type 22 echovirus infections with regard to age and seasonal distribution, contagiousness and a relative lack of protection by neutralizing antibodies differed from most enterovirus infections. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology Frequency United States Echoviruses are common and are associated with both epidemic and endemic patterns of infection in individuals of all ages. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiology of an Outbreak in a Maternity Unit of Infections with an Antigenic Variant of Echovirus 11. J Med Virol. 1982;9(2):81-91. Mulcahy DL, Hanlon MG, de Silva LM. A Report of a Spring-Summer Outbreak of Echovirus 11 Infection. [ama.ba]

Ehrnst, A. and Erikson, M. (1993): Epidemiological features of type 22 echovirus infection. Scand. J. Infect. Dis., 25, 275-281. Joki-Korpela, P. and Hyypia, T. (1998): Diagnosis and epidemiology of echovirus 22 infections. Clin. Infect. [www0.nih.go.jp]

Urea Cycle Disorders: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Therapy. Adv Pediatr. 1996;43:127-70. Mazzella M, Cerone R, Bonacci W, Caruso U, Munnich A, Rustin P, et al. [ama.ba]

Pathophysiology Human echoviral infection occurs via fecal-oral transmission. Host susceptibility depends on the presence of specific cellular membrane receptor proteins that bind different enteroviral types along taxonomic lines. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Prevention The predominantly mild symptoms and the ubiquitous nature of these infections, means that preventative measures are not usually necessary or recommended. Back to Top [hps.scot.nhs.uk]

You can help prevent the spread of the virus simply by keeping your hands and your environment clean. [healthline.com]

Healthcare workers should monitor health conditions of neonates and enhance infection control measures in baby rooms to prevent from spreading of infections. [cdc.gov.tw]

Special attention is given to the prevention and treatment of these diseases found in developing countries as well as the latest findings about new antimicrobial agents, gram-negative infections and their management, and recommendations for immunization [books.google.com]