Presentation
Entire Body System
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Weight Gain
The study concluded that the strongest predictor of hyponatremia was weight gain while racing (over-hydration), and hyponatremia was just as likely to occur in runners who chose sports drinks as those who chose water. [5] Medical personnel at marathon [en.wikipedia.org]
Gastrointestinal
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Nausea
These are sometimes followed by difficulty breathing during exertion, muscle weakness & pain, twitching, or cramping, nausea, vomiting, thirst, and a dulled ability to perceive and interpret sensory information. [en.wikipedia.org]
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Nausea
These are sometimes followed by difficulty breathing during exertion, muscle weakness & pain, twitching, or cramping, nausea, vomiting, thirst, and a dulled ability to perceive and interpret sensory information. [en.wikipedia.org]
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Polydipsia
Psychiatric conditions [ edit ] Psychogenic polydipsia is the psychiatric condition in which patients feel compelled to drink large quantities of water, thus putting them at risk of water intoxication. [en.wikipedia.org]
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Vomiting
These are sometimes followed by difficulty breathing during exertion, muscle weakness & pain, twitching, or cramping, nausea, vomiting, thirst, and a dulled ability to perceive and interpret sensory information. [en.wikipedia.org]
Musculoskeletal
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Muscle Weakness
These are sometimes followed by difficulty breathing during exertion, muscle weakness & pain, twitching, or cramping, nausea, vomiting, thirst, and a dulled ability to perceive and interpret sensory information. [en.wikipedia.org]
Neurologic
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Headache
In the brain, this swelling increases intracranial pressure (ICP), which leads to the first observable symptoms of water intoxication: headache, personality changes, changes in behavior, confusion, irritability, and drowsiness. [en.wikipedia.org]
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Personality Change
In the brain, this swelling increases intracranial pressure (ICP), which leads to the first observable symptoms of water intoxication: headache, personality changes, changes in behavior, confusion, irritability, and drowsiness. [en.wikipedia.org]
Workup
Serum
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Hyponatremia
This has largely been identified in marathon runners as a dilutional hyponatremia. [5] A study conducted on participants of the 2002 Boston Marathon found that thirteen percent finished the race with hyponatremia. [en.wikipedia.org]
Treatment
In more severe cases, treatment consists of: Diuretics to increase urination, which are most effective for excess blood volume. [en.wikipedia.org]
Pathophysiology
[…] hyponatremia may result. [8] Some neurological/psychiatric medications ( Oxcarbazepine, among others) have been found to cause hyponatremia in some patients. [9] Patients with diabetes insipidus are particularly vulnerable due to rapid fluid processing. [10] Pathophysiology [en.wikipedia.org]
Prevention
Both cerebral edema and interference with the central nervous system are dangerous and could result in seizures, brain damage, coma or death. [11] Prevention [ edit ] Water intoxication can be prevented if a person's intake of water does not grossly exceed [en.wikipedia.org]