A few years ago, researchers in the United Kingdom found that 300 mg of supplemental magnesium reduced nighttime or nocturnal leg cramps in individuals who suffered chronic leg cramps. [eletewater.co.uk]

oliguria, increased temp & pulse, flushed skin, confusion. sodium restriction, increase water intake, monitor I&O, LOC and serum sodium level fatigue, muscle weakness & leg cramps, respiratory insufficiency, decreased GI motility, cardiac arrhythmia [quizlet.com]

Hypermagnesemia is characterized by: lethargy hypotension decreased heart and respiratory rate muscle weakness diminished tendon reflexes HYPOMAGNESEMIA. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Common clinical features of hypokalaemia range from muscle weakness and ileus (lack of peristalsis), to serious cardiac arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardias. [ausmed.com]

weakness, Chvostek, and Trousseau signs Electrocardiogram (ECG) – widening QRS or QT and peaked T waves, premature ventricular contractions Etiologies Gastrointestinal losses – diarrhea, small bowel surgery, malabsorption, pancreatitis Renal losses – [arupconsult.com]

Low sodium may lead to dizziness, muscle weakness or even seizures in extreme cases, according to Merck. [livestrong.com]

twitching, abdominal cramps, elevated BP and HR, hyponatremia side effects of hypervolemia _________ for overhydration increases excretion of water and sodium restore normal fluid balance, prevent further overload drug therapy- diuretics diet therapy [quizlet.com]

Symptoms of hypernatremia include: thirst orthostatic hypotension dry mouth and mucous membranes dark, concentrated urine loss of elasticity in the skin irregular heartbeat (tachycardia) irritability fatigue lethargy heavy, labored breathing muscle twitching [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Monitoring how much sodium you consume helps keep symptoms at bay, including bloating, lethargy, dehydration, weakness, irritability and muscle twitching. Drinking water and eating mostly whole foods (not the kinds that come in packages!) [draxe.com]

Upon further questioning, she had been taking high-dose NSAIDs for her chronic knee pain. Her renal function improved mildly by withholding NSAIDs, and she was discharged with appropriate nephrology follow-up. [the-hospitalist.org]

[…] spaces decreased HgB, decreased Hct, decreased serum osmolarity, decreased glucose, decreased protein, decreased electrolytes laboratory assessment hypervolemia excess water is retained and other substances remain unchanged resulting in ___________ confusion [quizlet.com]

Her daughter states that she has been mildly confused over the past 2 days. She reports that her primary-care physician prescribed hydrochlorothiazide for elevated BP 2 weeks ago. [clinicalgate.com]

Other electrolyte disorders cause confusion, weakness, cramping, and muscle spasms. Some can cause difficulty breathing, dizziness, and a rapid heart rate. [nyulangone.org]

Common symptoms of hyponatraemia include confusion, agitation, nausea and vomiting, muscle weakness, spasms or cramps. Hypernatraemia is defined as a serum sodium greater than 145 mEq/L. [ausmed.com]

Low calcium may also result in numbness in the extremities as well as confusion and dizziness. [livestrong.com]

The doctor asks if your child has been ill recently and whether he or she has had any unusual symptoms, such as muscle cramps, dizziness, rapid heart rate, or confusion. [nyulangone.org]

Confusion, Dizziness and Irritability : When your sodium levels rise too drastically (called hypernatremia), you can become dizzy and weak. When this worsens, it’s possible to become even more delirious and even experience a seizure or coma. [draxe.com]

If left untreated, electrolyte imbalance can lead to dizziness, cramps, irregular heartbeat, and possibly death. [labtestsonline.org.uk]

Vitamin D deficiency, end stage renal disease diarrhea, paresthesia of extremities, laryngeal spasm, muscle spasms in calf or foot during sleep or rest, tetany, convulsions, positive Trousseau's and Chvotek's signs Heart rate and EKG changes, osteoporosis [quizlet.com]

Patients with significant deficiency may complain of muscle cramps, tetany, and paresthesias of the lips and extremities. Severe hypocalcemia may cause lethargy, confusion, laryngospasm, or seizures. [musculoskeletalkey.com]

[…] inflating blood pressure cuff on arm for 3 minutes to systolic blood pressure will cause spasm of hand Chvostek sign – tapping on facial nerve near temporal mandibular joint will cause grimace and spasm of facial muscles Seizures Circumoral numbness Paresthesias [arupconsult.com]

Neuromuscular irritability is seen with hypocalcemia and may present as tetany or paresthesia. Hypermagnesemia causes neuromuscular depression with weakness and loss of reflexes. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Hypercalcemia is characterized with thirst, renal stones, anorexia, paresthesia, urinary frequency, bone pain, muscular weakness, confusion, abdominal pain, depression, fatigue, lethargy, constipation, nausea and vomiting. [registerednursing.org]

Monitor IV site hourly cardiac changes are most severe problems and most common cause of death in these clients paresthesia, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, dysrhythmias, N/V, watery diarrhea decrease dietary potassium, discontinue potassium containing [quizlet.com]

Severe hypokalemia can lead to flaccid paralysis, respiratory failure, arrhythmias, rhabdomyolysis, and nephrogenic DI. Dx The source of potassium loss is very often evident upon careful history. [musculoskeletalkey.com]

deep tendon reflexes, dysrhythmias, mood changes, confusion, reduced motility with anorexia, nausea, constipation and distention. [quizlet.com]

Pseudohyperkalemia secondary to thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, or activated platelets should be considered and evaluated. [the-hospitalist.org]

Pseudo-hyperkalemia is a factitious elevation of serum potassium often seen in patients with hemolysis, thrombocytosis (platelet count 1 million/μL), or leukocytosis (WBC count over 100,000/μL). [musculoskeletalkey.com]

Pseudohyperkalemia secondary to thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, or activated platelets should be considered and evaluated. [the-hospitalist.org]

The ECG below shows large T waves and wide QRS complex. The tracing shows a wide QRS and very large T waves. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes can occur and include flattening or inversion of T waves, prominent U waves, and ST-segment depression and arrhythmias. [musculoskeletalkey.com]

EKG changes can include increased amplitude and width of P wave, T wave flattening and inversion, prominent U waves and apparent long QT intervals due to merging of the T and U wave. The U-wave is a deflection following the T wave. [cdemcurriculum.com]

Hypokalemia causes enlarged and prominent T waves on the EKG. Potassium levels that are critically low ( Patient with a potassium of 1.7. [cdemcurriculum.com]

Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes can occur and include flattening or inversion of T waves, prominent U waves, and ST-segment depression and arrhythmias. [musculoskeletalkey.com]