KPC was present in 88.6% of E. aerogenes and in all E. cloacae resistant to carbapenems. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Painter

  Painter, D. Suber, D. Shungu, L. Silver, K. Inglima, J. Kornblum, N. Woodford, and D. Livermore, Abstr. 43rd Intersci. Conf. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., abstr. C2-50, 2003). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

See Workup for more detail. Management Antimicrobial therapy is indicated in virtually all Enterobacter infections. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Abstract Quinolones are frequently used classes of antimicrobials in hospitals, crucial for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] antibiotic treatment in the past 30 days. [nanologix.com]

Enterobacter is a versatile bacterium able to promptly respond to the antibiotic treatment in the colonized patient. [mendeley.com]

The observed phenomenon may have implications not only for antimicrobial chemotherapy, but also for the prognosis of infectious diseases and infection control. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Overall mortality was 42%; factors associated with a poor prognosis were inadequacy of antimicrobial chemotherapy, septic shock, type of underlying disease, clinical condition, and requirement of intensive care. (Arch Intern Med 1985;145:1024-1027) [jamanetwork.com]

Thus, it can be presumed that bacteremia caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria may have a poorer prognosis because of the delay in initiating appropriate antimicrobial therapy. [cid.oxfordjournals.org]

"Analysis of clinical and molecular characteristics of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and their application for prediction of prognosis and treatment response", 2010-2012. [mmcbg.org]

[PubMed] [Google Scholar] McGowan JE., Jr Changing etiology of nosocomial bacteremia and fungemia and other hospital-acquired infections. Rev Infect Dis. 1985 Jul-Aug;7 (Suppl 3):S357–S370. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Introduction Strains of Enterobacter cloacae have been implicated as etiological agents of human intestinal and extraintestinal infections that may cause fatal bacteremia, including skin and soft tissues, intra-abdominal, the urinary tract and central [academic.oup.com]

[…] factors for infection and impact of resistance on outcomes, Clin Infect Dis, 2001, vol. 32 (pg. 1162 - 71 ) 12 CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988, Am J Infect Control, 1988, vol. 16 (pg. 128 - 40 ) 13 Septic shock in critically ill patients: etiology [cid.oxfordjournals.org]

Strains of E. cancerogenus have been isolated predominantly from human blood and spinal fluid [15] and were found to be etiological agents of wound and urinary tract infections, sepsis and osteomyelitis [16-21]. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

The epidemiology of the Algerian isolates is compared to previous epidemiological studies of E. cloacae in Algeria in Table 2. The antibiotic resistance results are summarized in Table 3. [doi.org]

Molecular epidemiology of Enterobacter aerogenes acquisition: one year prospective study in two intensive care units., 9 Arpin C Coze C Rogues AM Gachie JP Bebear C Quentin C Epidemiological study of an outbreak due to multidrug-resistant Enterobacter [clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com]

Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular epidemiology of clinical Enterobacter cloacae bloodstream isolates in Shanghai, China. PLoS ONE. 2017 Dec;12 (12): e0189713. [ PubMed ] [ Crossref ] 10. [journal-imab-bg.org]

This opportunistic pathogen, similar to other members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, possesses an endotoxin known to play a major role in the pathophysiology of sepsis and its complications. [tgw1916.net]

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY• These bacteria have an outer membrane that contains, among other things, lipopolysaccharides from which lipid-A plays a major role in sepsis. [slideshare.net]

Results indicated that the use of probiotics to act directly on the TMA in the gut might be an alternative approach to reduce serum TMAO levels and to prevent the development of atherosclerosis and "fish odor syndrome" through the effect of TMA on the [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Many Enterobacteriaceae fortify their outer membrane with cationic amine‐containing moieties to prevent CAMP binding, which can lead to cell lysis. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Disinfectant effectiveness for prevention The necessary spectrum of activity against enterobacteria is: bactericidal [hygiene-in-practice.com]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. New Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Warrant Additional Action by Healthcare Providers. CDC. Feb 14 2013. [Full Text]. Abbott SL, Janda JM. [medscape.com]