He presented with localized peritonitis and then developed eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. Angiostrongylus cantonensis was the causative agent. This was confirmed by the positive serology test. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The objective of the present paper is to present the association between MBL deficiency and meningoencephalitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis in three children. [link.springer.com]

• Fever

  Most of them presented with subacute to chronic headache and fever, followed by acute coma. Cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities were similar to alert patients with eosinophilic meningitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  He had low-grade fever lasting few days at the onset. He consulted several physicians and ENT surgeons during that one-month period for his recent onset of severe headache. [annalsofian.org]

  Abstract A 42-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a history of fever, headache and disorientation. His cerebrospinal fluid revealed eosinophilia and his serum had an antibody against Angiostrongylus cantonensis ( A. cantonensis ). [jstage.jst.go.jp]

• Epilepsy

  Clinical signs of serious brain damage, with persistent blindness, profound mental retardation, spasticity and epilepsy more than three years later, indicate that this infection is not always as benign as is considered generally. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  These diseases and conditions affect the nervous system directly (sometimes with lethal consequences) and/or are associated with severe neurological sequels such as epilepsy, cognitive deficits, and sleep disruption. [books.google.com]

  Quattrocchi G, Nicoletti A, Marin B, Bruno E, Druet-Cabanac M, Preux PM: Toxocariasis and epilepsy: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012;6:e1775. [karger.com]

• Pathologist

  Confidently prepare for the upcoming recertification exams for clinical pathologists set to begin in 2016. [books.google.com]

  Michael D Nissen, MBBS, FRACP, FRCPA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Society for Microbiology, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Royal Australasian College of Physicians, and Royal College of Pathologists [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Sepsis

  This patient had previously a recurrent infection that caused bacterial diarrhoea and some sepsis symptoms as well as dehidratation. During the illness produced by A. cantonensis, he had severe brain edema. [link.springer.com]

• Pneumonia

  […] infections is due to the ability of the bacterium to persist within an individual, as well as the lack of cell wall in M. pneumoniae, which renders multiple antibiotics directed at the bacterial cell wall ineffective in treating infections.[2] M. pneumoniae [symptome.ch]

  The CSF was negative for Streptococcus pneumoniae on immunochromatographic test. The CSF was also negative for Enterovirus and Cryptococcal antigen. A. cantonensis serology is pending. An LP was performed 7 days later. [nzma.org.nz]

  His clinical course was complicated by hydrocephalus requiring a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, recurrent episodes of ventilator-associated pneumonia, and seizures that were difficult to control despite multiple antiepileptic drugs. [mja.com.au]

• Vomiting

  Fever, nausea, vomiting, hepatomegaly, neck stiffness, and cranial nerve palsies were all more common in children than in adults. [parasitol.kr]

  The clinical diagnosis of the illness was fever, vomiting and irritation, together with a cerebrospinal fluid analysis with the presence of eosinophils and high cellular countdown in this biological liquid. [link.springer.com]

  As with meningitis caused by other infections, people who develop symptomatic EM from these parasites can have headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, photophobia (sensitivity to light), and/or altered mental status (confusion). [cdc.gov]

  Three days before hospitalization, the patient had a fever (37.5-38ºC), and a continuous headache with nausea but no vomiting. He had no myotonia or convulsion. [medsci.org]

• Nausea

  Fever, nausea, vomiting, hepatomegaly, neck stiffness, and cranial nerve palsies were all more common in children than in adults. [parasitol.kr]

  As with meningitis caused by other infections, people who develop symptomatic EM from these parasites can have headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, photophobia (sensitivity to light), and/or altered mental status (confusion). [cdc.gov]

  Three days before hospitalization, the patient had a fever (37.5-38ºC), and a continuous headache with nausea but no vomiting. He had no myotonia or convulsion. [medsci.org]

  A 51-year-old man of Tongan ethnicity presented to the Emergency Department with a 3-week history of right-sided headache and two episodes of nausea and vomiting on the day of presentation. [nzma.org.nz]

• Arthritis

  She had chronic deforming seropositive rheumatoid arthritis for the last the twenty years. She had recent relapse of arthritis and was on indigenous medication for two weeks prior to onset of symptoms. [annalsofian.org]

• Diplopia

  Some patients have stiff neck, numbness of face or limbs, photophobia and diplopia. Symptoms at the acute stage may last from one week to 2 months or even longer. [medsci.org]

• Meningism

  Corticosteroids seem to be ineffective in severe eosinophilic meningitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  MRI showed significant meningeal involvement and changes in the left superior cerebellar peduncle. [jnnp.bmj.com]

  What is Meningitis (Eosinophilic meningitis) Statistics on Meningitis (Eosinophilic meningitis) Risk Factors for Meningitis (Eosinophilic meningitis) Progression of Meningitis (Eosinophilic meningitis) Symptoms of Meningitis (Eosinophilic meningitis) [myvmc.com]

  He had no meningeal signs, papilledema or any other neurological deficits. CECT scan of brain was normal. CSF showed severe eosinophilia. [annalsofian.org]

• Headache

  Case 6 A sixty-year-old lady presented with severe headache of two weeks duration. She had a history of tension type headache for nearly forty years. She was treated for tension type headache without any improvement. [annalsofian.org]

  Most of them presented with subacute to chronic headache and fever, followed by acute coma. Cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities were similar to alert patients with eosinophilic meningitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Neck Stiffness

  Fever, nausea, vomiting, hepatomegaly, neck stiffness, and cranial nerve palsies were all more common in children than in adults. [parasitol.kr]

  There was photophobia and neck stiffness but neurological examination was otherwise normal. Initial CT brain imaging was normal. CSF examination revealed raised protein of 0.89 and 640 mononuclear cells. [jnnp.bmj.com]

  On admission, he was afebrile, and physical examination showed papilledema, neck stiffness, and generalized hyperreflexia but no muscle weakness. [ajnr.org]

• Cranial Nerve Involvement

  Ultimately, loss of milestones and regression develop, leading to posturing, spasticity, paresis, seizures, and ocular or cranial nerve involvement. Mortality is high, and survivors almost always are severely disabled. [clinicaladvisor.com]

• Neurologic Manifestation

  Neurological manifestations of gnathostomiasis. J Neurol Sci 1977;31:279–91. 8.Rusnak JM, Lucey DR. Clinical gnathostomiasis: case report and review of the English-language literature. Clin Infect Dis 1993;16:33–50. [nzma.org.nz]

(See Presentation, Workup, Treatment, and Medication.) Linam et al presented a survivor of amebic meningoencephalitis in North America. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Cerebrospinal Fluid Abnormality

  Cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities were similar to alert patients with eosinophilic meningitis. None of them had received antihelmintic drug and seven patients were treated with corticosteroids. Ten patients died and one patient is still in a coma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Streptococcus Pneumoniae

  The CSF was negative for Streptococcus pneumoniae on immunochromatographic test. The CSF was also negative for Enterovirus and Cryptococcal antigen. A. cantonensis serology is pending. An LP was performed 7 days later. [nzma.org.nz]

Coverage includes major updates on genetics of diseases, new diagnostic techniques, and the newest treatment options. This third volume covers degenerative, metabolic, infectious, inflammatory, and demyelinating diseases. [books.google.com]

His consciousness did not recover after supportive treatment. The MRI of the brain showed diffuse enlargement of the ventricular system two weeks after the diagnosis was made. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This condition generally follows a benign, self-limited course. 1 Rarely, the parasite causes meningoencephalitis, which should be considered a related but distinct clinical entity with a dramatically poorer prognosis. [mja.com.au]

Prognosis is very poor with or without treatment. The usual therapy includes antihelminthic agents plus steroids. [clinicaladvisor.com]

MR findings in eosinophilic meningoencephalitis may aid premortem diagnosis and help predict the prognosis by establishing the location of lesions and defining the extent of brain tissue damage. [ajnr.org]

Prognosis These infections are nearly uniformly fatal. The mortality rate remains greater than 90%, even with combination antimicrobial therapy. [5] The high mortality rate is likely because of delayed diagnosis and poor response to therapy. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Thus, distinctive identification of eosinophils in fluids is a necessary component in the etiologic diagnosis of CNS infections. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Parasitic infection of the CNS is the most common cause of EM although rarely it can be due to other etiologies [Table - 3]. [annalsofian.org]

Eosinophilic meningitis in Thailand: epidemiologic studies of 484 typical cases and the etiologic role of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1970 ; 19 : 950 -958 Punyagupta S. [ajnr.org]

Therefore, we diagnosed eosinophilic meningitis, but at this point, the etiology was uncertain. No parasitic organism was found in the feces. [karger.com]

Epidemiologic studies of 484 typical cases and the etiologic role of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1970;19: 950-958. PMID: 5531201. 12. Wan KS, Weng WC. Eosinophilic meningitis in a child raising snails as pets. [parasitol.kr]

METHODS: The clinical and laboratory data as well as the epidemiological information concerning 18 patients with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis were analyzed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Many questions remain unanswered about the host-parasite relationship, its epidemiology and public health significance. Veterinarians and clinicians are interested in its importance as a zoonosis. [books.google.com]

Epidemiologic observations in 484 typical cases of eosinophilic meningitis caused by A. cantonensis were reported from Thailand by Punyagupta et al in 1970 (10). [ajnr.org]

Eosinophilic meningitis in Thailand: Epidemiologic studies of 484 typical cases and the etiologic role of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1970;19:950-8. [ PUBMED ] 6. [annalsofian.org]

Meningoencephalitis by Naegleria fowleri: epidemiological study in Anzoategui state, Venezuela. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2006 May-Jun. 39(3):264-8. [Medline]. Parija SC, Dinoop K, Venugopal H. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The book discusses the pathophysiology of inflammation, cancer biology and comparisons to histology to help readers fully comprehend the cytologic changes that can occur with inflammation and neoplasia. [books.google.com]

Pathophysiology PAM can occur in previously healthy young individuals exposed to warm, especially stagnant, fresh water. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Author information 1 Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (First Department of Internal Medicine), Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention Please visit CDC’s websites listed below to learn how to prevent infection with these and other parasites. [cdc.gov]

Get optimal test results with guidance on error detection, correction, and prevention as well as cost-effective test selection. [books.google.com]

Dr Sanket Patel Medical Consultant - Bajna Medical Centre A forest is a challenging environment and it is important people know how to stay healthy and safe, so as an additional service I provide first aid courses, snakebite awareness and heat stress prevention [internationalsos.com]