We present a case of epignathus detected prenatally in an oligohydramniotic 24 week fetus in which anophthalmia, a single nostril, holoprosencephaly, meromelia, bilateral renal dysplasia and a club foot deformity were also present. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Trismus

  The location and extent of the tumor, as well as the involvement of adjacent structures, resulted in trismus and upper airway obstruction at birth. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Sialorrhea

  Persistent sialorrhea was controlled with scopolamine patches and botulinum toxin injections. At 15 months, he has mild gross motor delay with normal fine motor and social skills. He has speech delay which is anatomical because of glossectomy. [indianpediatrics.net]

• Visual Impairment

  In addition, it may enhance parental bonding in visually impaired parents and have didactic value in teaching program... [read.qxmd.com]

• Foot Deformity

  We present a case of epignathus detected prenatally in an oligohydramniotic 24 week fetus in which anophthalmia, a single nostril, holoprosencephaly, meromelia, bilateral renal dysplasia and a club foot deformity were also present. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Flexion Contracture

  On review of literature, we found various reports of midline mandibular and lower lip cleft associated with flexion contracture of neck, midline cervical cord, but there is only one report of association with midline dermoid. [amsjournal.com]

• Fear

  fibre optic bronchoscope we were left with the options of emergency tracheostomy and awake trial laryngoscopy. (3) Because of the anticipated difficulty in maintaining anaesthesia for this particular neonate with mass protruding from the mouth and fear [thefreelibrary.com]

This condition is associated with a high mortality rate caused by severe airway obstruction in the neonatal period, thus requiring prenatal planning and prompt surgical treatment after birth. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hence, the prognosis depends on the size of the tumor and the degree of face distortion and airway obstruction that it causes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Palatal clefts in conjunction with space-occupying lesions of the oral or nasal cavities are of interest because they may represent a developmental etiology of palatal clefts. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Exact etiology of epignathus is not known. It may arise from pleuripotential cells in the region of Rathke’s pouch. [1] Epignathus teratoma may vary in structure and degree of differentiation and be classified as mature, immature, and malignancy. [cmj.yiigle.com]

The etiology of epignathus is unknown and may arise from pleuripotential cells from the soft or hard palate in the region of Rathke’s pouch that grow in a disorganized manner, or in the nasopharynx in the region of the basisphenoid, tongue, sinuses, mandible [pubs.sciepub.com]

The origin of this tumor has been related to the abnormal migration of primordial germ cells arising from the mediastinum or hypothalamic regions 6, but its etiology remains unknown. [scielo.br]

Etiology and embryogenesis Theories abound to explain teratoma occurrence. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiology There may be a slight female predilection ref. The estimated incidence is 1 in 35,000 to 200,000 births. Clinical presentation The tumour classically presents in utero or in the neonatal period. [deeprad.de]

Teratomas in children: Epidemiologic features. J Natl Cancer Inst 1973 ;51:1425. Wilson JW, Gehweiler JA. Teratoma of the face associated with a patent canal extending into the cranial cavity ( Rathke's pouch) in a three week old child. [fetalultrasound.com]

Epidemiology of human teratomas. In: Damjanov I, Knowles BB, Solter D, editors. The Human Teratomas. Experimental and Clinical Biology. Clifton, New Jersey: Humana Press; 1983. p. 94. 5. [jcnonweb.com]

Adequate follow-up requires close observation, involving repeated physical examination, scanning (ultrasound, MRI, or CT), and measurement of AFP and/or βhCG. [50] [51] Epidemiology [ edit ] Embryonal teratomas most commonly occur in the sacrococcygeal [en.wikipedia.org]

Pathophysiology [ edit ] Teratomas belong to a class of tumors known as nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (N.S.G.C.T.). All tumors of this class are the result of abnormal development of pluripotent cells: germ cells and embryonal cells. [en.wikipedia.org]

As a result, we not only prevented morbidity associated with the anomaly but also refined the patient's appearance and improved her quality of life. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We present a case of epignathus detected prenataliy in an oligohydramniotic 24 week fetus in which anophthalmia, a single nostril, holoprosencephaly. meromelia, bilateral renal dysplasia and a club fool deformity were also prevent Chromosome analysis [insights.ovid.com]

Prevention of neural tube defects: results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study. ‎ Pagina 332 - Crane JP, LeFevre ML, Winborn RC, et al. [books.google.ro]

Prevention of neural tube defects: results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study. ‎ Page 332 - Crane JP, LeFevre ML, Winborn RC, et al. [books.google.com]