[…] with dysarthria and dysphagia secondary to a base of tongue lesion (Case Rep Otolaryngol 2017;2017:4973573) 70 year old woman presented with a painless nodule at the angle of the left mandible (Head Neck Pathol 2020;14:554) 75 year old woman presented [pathologyoutlines.com]

Therefore, when a large tumor is present, it is important to monitor the patient’s postoperative status in the outpatient clinic. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

Case presentation A 54-year-old woman presented with an abnormal lung shadow on a routine chest X-ray. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan verified an 18-mm endobronchial nodule on the middle lobe. [surgicalcasereports.springeropen.com]

PATIENT HISTORY A 64-year-old female presented to the hospital of one of the authors (AC), with a four-year history of a right-sided parotid swelling of approximately 3cm in size. [scielo.org.za]

Therefore, if complete resection is performed and a sufficiently safe distance is present, there is no need for subsequent adjuvant therapy. [journals.lww.com]

• Hunting

  ^ Seethala RR, Barnes EL, Hunt JL (January 2007). "Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma: a review of the clinicopathologic spectrum and immunophenotypic characteristics in 61 tumors of the salivary glands and upper aerodigestive tract". [en.wikipedia.org]

  Seethala RR, Barnes EL, Hunt JL. Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma: a review of the clinicopathologic spectrum and immunophenotypic characteristics in 61 tumors of the salivary glands and upper aerodigestive tract. [smrj.scholasticahq.com]

  Surgery. 2008; 60(2): 163-165 [Pubmed] 8 Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma: A review of the clinicopathologic spectrum and immunophenotypic characteristics in 61 tumors of the salivary glands and upper aerodigestive tract Seethala, R.R., Leon Barnes, E., Hunt [indianjcancer.com]

  Article Google Scholar Seethala RR, Hunt JL, Baloch ZW, Livolsi VA, Leon Barnes E. Adenoid cystic carcinoma with high-grade transformation: a report of 11 cases and a review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31:1683–94. [surgicalcasereports.springeropen.com]

  Nayak JV, Molina JT, Smith JC, Branstetter BF 4th, Hunt JL, Snyderman CH. Myoepithelial neoplasia of the submandibular gland: case report and therapeutic considerations. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Mar. 129(3):359-62. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Swelling

  Fine needle aspiration cytology is widely used in the initial investigation of salivary gland swellings and whilst the cytological features of this tumour have been described they are not well recognized. [cambridge.org]

  In differential diagnosis, other biphasic tumors such as pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and sebaceous carcinoma should be considered.[4] A 59-year-old female was presented with a swelling on the left side of the face, which had been growing [njcponline.com]

  In the most recent 7 years, the tumor gradually increased to about the size of an egg, without tenderness and occasionally with acid swelling. [journals.lww.com]

  PATIENT HISTORY A 64-year-old female presented to the hospital of one of the authors (AC), with a four-year history of a right-sided parotid swelling of approximately 3cm in size. [scielo.org.za]

  Arch Pathol Lab Med 118:994–997 PubMed CAS Google Scholar Saw D, Ho JH, Lau WH, Chan J (1986) Parotid swelling as the first manifestation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a report of two cases. [link.springer.com]

• Lymphadenopathy

  There was no cervical lymphadenopathy and the other major salivary glands were normal in appearance. CT revealed a space-occupying lesion in the anterior region of the right parotid gland. [scielo.org.za]

  […] may be associated with preexisting pleomorphic adenoma (Am J Surg Pathol 2018;42:18) Subset may arise de novo (Am J Surg Pathol 2018;42:18) Clinical features Slow growing, painless mass Usually unilateral Rarely presents with facial nerve palsy and lymphadenopathy [pathologyoutlines.com]

  He had no cervical lymphadenopathy. Orodental hygiene was poor. Oral examination revealed a firm to hard, ulceroproliferative growth, approximately 5 cm x 3 cm on the right side of the base of tongue. There was no spread to the adjacent structures. [indianjcancer.com]

• Pathologist

  Some pathologists describe the malignant potential of P-EMC as “unproven,” rather than “low-grade malignant” [2]. Because of its rarity and unproven malignant potential, optimal therapy for P-EMC has not been defined. [surgicalcasereports.springeropen.com]

  Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a useful technique in clarifying the nature of these lesions but requires that the pathologist have an extensive knowledge of cervical pathology.14 This technique also risks sampling only one of the two cell populations [scielo.org.za]

• Collapse

  Collapsed cords (left) are also present. (H&E, 40x). [smrj.scholasticahq.com]

• Aspiration

  Fine needle aspiration cytology is widely used in the initial investigation of salivary gland swellings and whilst the cytological features of this tumour have been described they are not well recognized. [cambridge.org]

  Another challenging point related to these tumors is the diagnosis with fine-needle aspiration biopsy which is difficult. [njcponline.com]

  ACRONYMS α-SMA : alpha-smooth muscle actin CT : computed tomography EMA : epithelial membrane antigen markers EMC : epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma FNA : fine-needle aspiration REFERENCES 1. Lawal AO, Adisa AO, Kolude B, Adeyemi BF, Olajide MA. [scielo.org.za]

  Report of a case with fine needle aspiration findings and histologic correlation. Acta Cytol 43:842–846 CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar Brandwein MS, Huvos AG (1991) Oncocytic tumors of major salivary glands. [link.springer.com]

  […] unilateral Rarely presents with facial nerve palsy and lymphadenopathy, may indicate high grade transformation (Medicine (Baltimore) 2017;96:e8988) Diagnosis Clinical examination and investigations such as magnetic resonance imaging and fine needle aspiration [pathologyoutlines.com]

• Dyspnea

  In the 25 cases we reviewed, patients presented with symptoms of bronchial obstruction such as productive cough, fever, and dyspnea. [surgicalcasereports.springeropen.com]

• Back Pain

  Several months after the PET-CT she later had an MRI workup for low back pain, revealing multiple T2-signal intense sclerotic lesions in several lumbar vertebral bodies and the right iliac crest concerning for possible metastasis. [smrj.scholasticahq.com]

• Low Back Pain

  Several months after the PET-CT she later had an MRI workup for low back pain, revealing multiple T2-signal intense sclerotic lesions in several lumbar vertebral bodies and the right iliac crest concerning for possible metastasis. [smrj.scholasticahq.com]

• Suggestibility

  However, the existence of these tumors in the peripheral lung tissue suggests that P-EMC might originate from primitive cells [3]. [surgicalcasereports.springeropen.com]

  Previous studies have suggested an increased risk of secondary primary tumors in patients with salivary adenocarcinoma, but no firm conclusions have been drawn. [journals.lww.com]

  In this context, some authors have suggested that the tumor may remain small for a period, after which it starts growing rapidly. [36, 37, 38] Symptoms vary depending on the site (eg, laryngeal location may manifest as hoarseness; a sinus location may [emedicine.medscape.com]

  DISCUSSION As the name “epithelial-myoepithelial” suggests, this tumor is composed of a biphasic cell population: an outer layer of clear myoepithelial cells surrounding an inner lining of eosinophilic, cuboidal epithelial cells. [smrj.scholasticahq.com]

  Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that peripheral cells of the glands expressed smooth muscle actin; suggestive of myoepithelial differentiation. [indianjcancer.com]

Several months after the PET-CT she later had an MRI workup for low back pain, revealing multiple T2-signal intense sclerotic lesions in several lumbar vertebral bodies and the right iliac crest concerning for possible metastasis. [smrj.scholasticahq.com]

There are two main types of clinical studies: Clinical trials determine if a new test or treatment for a disease is effective and safe by comparing groups receiving different tests/treatments. [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

The patient was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical radiotherapy (Rt) and is alive with no evidence of disease 14 months following end of treatment. [indianjcancer.com]

When surgical margins are closed, the treatment options are close follow-up, RT, or total parotidectomy. [njcponline.com]

Treatment and prognosis They are generally considered a comparatively low-grade pulmonary neoplasm 1,3. References Related articles: Chest Promoted articles (advertising) [radiopaedia.org]

Further investigation is required to establish the optimal treatment strategy. [surgicalcasereports.springeropen.com]

Prognosis[edit] They generally have a good prognosis.[1] In one larger study, the 5-year and 10-year survival were over 90% and 80% respectively.[4] See also[edit] Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the lung Adenomyoepithelioma References[edit] ^ a [en.wikipedia.org]

poorer prognosis associated with minor salivary gland location, large tumor (> 4 cm), high proliferation index, margin status, high grade transformation Terminology Adenomyoepithelioma (not recommended) ICD coding ICD-0: 8562/3 - Epithelial myoepithelial [pathologyoutlines.com]

Treatment and prognosis They are generally considered a comparatively low-grade pulmonary neoplasm 1,3. References Related articles: Chest Promoted articles (advertising) [radiopaedia.org]

As oncocytic variant EMCs are rarely seen and reported cases have limited follow-up, there is insufficient knowledge about the effect on prognosis, but they have been observed to have a similar course to classic EMCs. [njcponline.com]

Moreover, incomplete excision may be a predictor of poor prognosis for P-EMC, as it is in salivary gland EMC [28]. [surgicalcasereports.springeropen.com]

Minor salivary glands Palate and upper aerodigestive tract (Am J Surg Pathol 2007;31:44) Pathophysiology Presumed to be of intercalated duct origin Up to 85% of epithelial myoepithelial carcinomas carry an HRAS mutation (Am J Surg Pathol 2019;43:984) Etiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

[…] a benign myoepithelioma, [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14] and myoepithelial carcinoma (malignant myoepithelioma) is particularly seen in association with recurrence of these benign tumors. [3, 12] Other such tumors arise de novo. [8, 9, 15] No definitive etiologic [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] prognosis associated with minor salivary gland location, large tumor (> 4 cm), high proliferation index, margin status, high grade transformation Terminology Adenomyoepithelioma (not recommended) ICD coding ICD-0: 8562/3 - Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma Epidemiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 401:89–97 CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar Albeck H, Nielsen NH, Hansen HE et al (1992) Epidemiology of nasopharyngeal and salivary gland carcinoma in Greenland. [link.springer.com]

[…] de novo. [8, 9, 15] No definitive etiologic factors have been identified in myoepithelial carcinoma (malignant myoepithelioma); however, p53 accumulated mutations have been reported. [16] C-kit overexpression has also been seen in these tumors. [17] Epidemiology [emedicine.medscape.com]

Disord 2018;18:15) Sites Major salivary glands Most common parotid (70%), submandibular (12%) (Am J Surg Pathol 2007;31:44, BMC Ear Nose Throat Disord 2018;18:15) Minor salivary glands Palate and upper aerodigestive tract (Am J Surg Pathol 2007;31:44) Pathophysiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Participating in research helps researchers ultimately uncover better ways to treat, prevent, diagnose, and understand human diseases. What Are Clinical Studies? Clinical studies are medical research involving people as participants. [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

Although additional radiation treatment was planned to prevent local recurrence, our patient refused this treatment. At the time of writing, her condition is being monitored by our outpatient clinic. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

Therefore, to prevent a recurrence, total excision of the tumor with a good surgical margin is of great importance. Another challenging point related to these tumors is the diagnosis with fine-needle aspiration biopsy which is difficult. [njcponline.com]

Because the tumor tissue was near the incisional edge, and the nerve was infiltrated by the tumor, the patient received preventive radiotherapy in the parotid gland area 1 month after the surgery. The rapid arc technique was used for radiotherapy. [journals.lww.com]