Presentation
While typical presentation of EBV infection is easily diagnosed as mononucleosis syndrome in teenagers and adults, some atypical clinical presentations may be challenged. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Immune System
- Generalized Lymphadenopathy
Description Infectious mononucleosis, also called grandular fever because of the presence of generalized lymphadenopathy, is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a member of the Herpesviridae family. [bio-rad.com]
Infectious mononucleosis is the prototype EBV infection and is characterized by fever, sore throat, cervical and generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and somatic complaints of fatigue and malaise. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]
Diseases in immunocompetent hosts: Infectious Mononucleosis (IM): IM is an acute, self limiting febrile illness in young adults, characterized by fever, sore throat, abdominal discomfort, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, tender generalized lymphadenopathy, palatal [msdsonline.com]
- Cervical Lymphadenopathy
This 15-year old patient presented with B symptoms and was found to have bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy and an anterior mediastinal mass. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
One year post-transplant, he presented with cervical lymphadenopathy concerning for recurrence of ALCL. PET/CT showing an FDG-avid lymph node prompted a biopsy. [bbmt.org]
Patients most often present with isolated cervical lymphadenopathy, which may be tender, and of several months duration. [doi.org]
Thus the “classic” patient with uncomplicated IM may be summarized with the following presentation; fever, pharyngitis, cervical lymphadenopathy, lymphocytosis, palatal petechiae and hepatosplenomegaly and with elevated ALAT. [bmcfampract.biomedcentral.com]
The most frequent clinical manifestations at the time of primary infection by EBV were fever, cervical lymphadenopathy and exudative tonsillitis, which was consistent with most other published case series,3,13–15,17 although with different proportions [analesdepediatria.org]
Entire Body System
- Fever
Glandular fever is a condition that is associated with fatigue, fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, an enlarged spleen, and, sometimes, an enlarged liver. [labtestsonline.org.au]
METHODS: We recently had an elderly female who presented with fever, fatigue and dry cough with elevated serum transaminases and lung infiltrates. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Fatigue
The most controversial use of EBV serology is in chronic fatigue syndrome, a complaint predominantly (but not exclusively) of young to middle-aged women, characterized by long persistent debilitating fatigue and a panoply of usually mild somatic complaints [labcorp.com]
Symptoms Symptoms of EBV infection can include fatigue fever inflamed throat swollen lymph nodes in the neck enlarged spleen swollen liver rash Many people become infected with EBV in childhood. [cdc.gov]
EBV activation can thus increase the risk of developing these diseases. [2] [3] Chronic fatigue syndrome [ edit | edit source ] A prospective study of 250 primary care patients revealed a higher prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome after infectious [me-pedia.org]
Introduction Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is characterized by severe fatigue with typical post-exertional delay to recover from exhaustion, cognitive dysfunctions and flu-like symptoms [1], [2]. [journals.plos.org]
- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
The most controversial use of EBV serology is in chronic fatigue syndrome, a complaint predominantly (but not exclusively) of young to middle-aged women, characterized by long persistent debilitating fatigue and a panoply of usually mild somatic complaints [labcorp.com]
EBV activation can thus increase the risk of developing these diseases. [2] [3] Chronic fatigue syndrome [ edit | edit source ] A prospective study of 250 primary care patients revealed a higher prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome after infectious [me-pedia.org]
Brouse as he shares his experience treating and controlling this cleaver virus from causing such debilitating consequences including chronic fatigue syndrome. [sunnysidehealthcenter.com]
- Malaise
The symptoms and signs of an EBV infection may include malaise, fever, muscle aches, headaches, sore throat, lymph node swelling, liver swelling, rash, and spleen swelling. [medicinenet.com]
Infectious mononucleosis is the prototype EBV infection and is characterized by fever, sore throat, cervical and generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and somatic complaints of fatigue and malaise. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]
However, those who catch it when they are young adults (or older) suffer from sore throats, swollen lymph glands, and extreme malaise. In addition, the spleen can become enlarged – sports and strenuous activities must be avoided to prevent rupture. [giantmicrobes.com]
As the condition progresses the symptoms may include: A sore throat that lasts two weeks or more Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, and groin A persistent fever (usually about 102 degrees F) Fatigue Malaise (a vague feeling of discomfort) These [healthcentral.com]
Gastrointestinal
- Abdominal Pain
Her dry cough persisted and she developed abdominal pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Liver, Gall & Pancreas
- Jaundice
It results from interstitial nephritis, myositis-associated acute kidney injury, hemolytic uremic syndrome or jaundice-associated nephropathy. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Workup
Five of the patients without workup reacted after reuse of the suspected drug for infection treatment. CONCLUSION: In this study, the incidence of drug hyper-sensitivity was much lower than previously reported. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[…] before 4-5 days Serology Diagnosis of acute disease due to EBV depends mostly on testing for an immune response to the virus Immune response during acute infection may be significantly delayed, especially in children and immunocompromised hosts Extensive workup [arupconsult.com]
Infectious Mononucleosis Workup. Medscape. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/222040-workup. Accessed June 13, 2016. (Aug 2004) Hess, R. [labtestsonline.org]
Treatment
What is the treatment for an Epstein-Barr virus infection? 2 Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment for EBV. [medicinenet.com]
METHODS AND RESULTS: Of a series of 15 Japanese patients (11 women, four men; median age 74 years, range 35-84 years), seven received MTX for the treatment of autoimmune disease and eight developed EBVMCU after treatment of malignant lymphoma [diffuse [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
The majority of people with EBV have a good prognosis; a few have a more guarded prognosis. There is no vaccine for EBV, and prevention is difficult. [medicinenet.com]
The prognosis of PEL is extremely poor and no optimal treatment regimen has been established. We report a case of EBV-negative PEL in a 49-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-positive man, presenting with massive bilateral pleural effusion. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Etiology
Although the etiology of autism is remained unknown but it is suggested that ASD have a complex etiology, including genetic and environmental factors, which may explain the observed different behavioral disorders in these patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology
Abstract Epidemiological and serological evidence has suggested a role for Epstein-Barr virus infection in the aetiology of multiple sclerosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
It was named after its discoverers Michael Epstein and Yvonne Barr. 2 Epidemiology The virus can be found worldwide. Humans are the sole pathogen reservoir. [flexikon.doccheck.com]
Abstract The epidemiology of Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) strongly favours the hypothesis of a vector transmitted factor playing a role in the development of the tumour ( Burkitt, 1963). [link.springer.com]
Clinical and demographic characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus-associated childhood Burkitt’s lymphoma in Southeastern Brazil: epidemiological insights from an intermediate risk region, Claudete Esteves Klumb, Fabricio E. Felisbino, Deisy M. [haematologica.org]
Pathophysiology
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a plausible candidate for playing a role in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Both SLE and RA are characterized by high titers of anti-EBV antibodies and impaired T-cell responses to EBV antigens. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The pathophysiology of EBV infection begin with saliva transmission and the EBV virus targeting the tonsils which is a lymphoid tissue made up of T cells and B cells. In the tonsil the EBV target B cells and tonsillar epithelial cells. [youtube.com]
Prevention
Next the big challenge is to develop a vaccine that will prevent infection by the virus. We believe that a successful EBV vaccine could prevent up to 200,000 new cases of cancers per year.” [web.archive.org]
The Prevent Cancer Foundation is the only U.S. nonprofit organization solely devoted to cancer prevention and early detection. [umassmed.edu]
RESULTS: The vaccine had demonstrable efficacy (mean efficacy rate, 78.0% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.0%-96.0%]) in preventing the development of infectious mononucleosis induced by EBV infection, but it had no efficacy in preventing asymptomatic [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]