The initial disease presentation in all patients was a polyarthritis. Anti-CCP antibodies were detected in 4 out of 5 (80%) patients, 2 of whom had a positive rheumatoid factor. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

On the basis of this and other already published cases, rheumatoid arthritis seems to have been present in Europe more anciently than was previously thought. [arpi.unipi.it]

Constitutional complaints such as fever, malaise, weight loss, and itching are commonly present.1 Data on its incidence and prevalence are unavailable. [ard.bmj.com]

• Malocclusion

  The face was elongated with malar hypoplasia, thin upper lip, prominent lower jaw, high arched palate, dental malocclusion, and prominent ears with absent ear lobules. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• High Arched Palate

  The face was elongated with malar hypoplasia, thin upper lip, prominent lower jaw, high arched palate, dental malocclusion, and prominent ears with absent ear lobules. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Frontal Bossing

  The head was large with frontal bossing. The face was elongated with malar hypoplasia, thin upper lip, prominent lower jaw, high arched palate, dental malocclusion, and prominent ears with absent ear lobules. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hence, the treatment of this disease remains largely empirical. [ard.bmj.com]

MRI thus helps to distinguish different types of lupus arthritis/Jaccoud's arthropathy, which allows more differentiated treatment strategies and monitoring. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The etiology and pathogenesis of the disease is poorly understood. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Then, a careful differential diagnosis was necessary to clarify the etiology of the polyarthropathy; the skeletal distribution of the lesions and their macroscopic and radiological appearance are suggestive of a case of rheumatoid arthritis-like polyarthropathy [arpi.unipi.it]

Its precise pathophysiology or etiology remains unclear. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]